Comparative mythology corpus

extraction.greek.hesiod_homeric_hymns.theogony_prometheus_fire_theft

extraction.greek.hesiod_homeric_hymns.theogony_prometheus_fire_theft

---
record_id: extraction.greek.hesiod_homeric_hymns.theogony_prometheus_fire_theft
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/hesiod-homeric-hymns-homerica.md
passage_locator:
  label: Theogony ll. 507-616
  start: '507'
  end: '616'
  translation: Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Project Gutenberg eBook
  notes: 'Source prints the connected Prometheus sequence across "(ll. 507-543)",
    "(ll. 548-558)", "(ll. 561-584)", and "(ll. 613-616)" under THE THEOGONY.

    '
canonical_text:
  summary: 'Prometheus is named among the sons of Iapetus, is punished by Zeus, divides
    an ox at Mecone in a deceptive way, and later steals the gleam of fire for mortals
    in a hollow fennel stalk; Zeus responds by making a beautiful evil for men as
    the price of fire.

    '
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: Prometheus is described as clever, full of wiles, and later bound by Zeus.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: At Mecone, gods and mortal men have a dispute and Prometheus cuts up a great
    ox.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: Prometheus sets meat and inner parts under a paunch, and sets white bones
    covered with shining fat for Zeus.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:4
  text: Zeus perceives the trick, becomes angry, and the passage links this to burning
    white bones on fragrant altars.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:5
  text: Zeus withholds unwearying fire from mortal men after the trick.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:6
  text: Prometheus steals the gleam of unwearying fire in a hollow fennel stalk.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:7
  text: Zeus has a maiden-like figure made as the price of fire.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:8
  text: The sequence ends by saying Prometheus did not escape Zeus's anger, despite
    knowing many wiles.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: Prometheus
  description: Son of Iapetus; clever, ready-witted, and full of wiles.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
  - ev:6
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Zeus
  description: Son of Cronos, father of men and gods, angered by the trick and theft.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: mortal men
  description: Human recipients affected by the sacrificial division, loss of fire,
    theft of fire, and Zeus's retaliation.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Limping God
  description: Divine craft figure who forms the maiden-like figure from earth.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Athene
  description: Bright-eyed goddess who clothes and adorns the maiden-like figure.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: beautiful evil
  description: Maiden-like figure made as the price of fire.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: trickster divider
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: Prometheus arranges the ox portions at Mecone while trying to befool Zeus.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: role:2
  label: fire thief
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: Prometheus steals fire for mortal men in a hollow fennel stalk.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:3
  label: divine punisher
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: Zeus withholds fire, responds angrily, and imposes a retaliatory price.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: role:4
  label: human beneficiaries and sufferers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: Mortal men receive fire but are also the target of Zeus's retaliatory gift.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: role:5
  label: divine makers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  basis: The Limping God forms the maiden-like figure and Athene clothes and adorns
    her.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: ox portions
  literal_form: Meat, inner parts, paunch, white bones, and shining fat arranged as
    portions.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: sym:2
  label: white bones on altars
  literal_form: White bones burned to the deathless gods upon fragrant altars.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:3
  label: fire
  literal_form: Far-seen gleam of unwearying fire.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:4
  label: hollow fennel stalk
  literal_form: Hollow fennel stalk used to carry stolen fire.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:5
  label: chains and eagle
  literal_form: Inextricable bonds, cruel chains, and an eagle that eats Prometheus's
    liver.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:6
  label: beautiful evil
  literal_form: Maiden-like figure formed from earth and adorned by Athene.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Prometheus punished
  summary: Zeus binds Prometheus, and an eagle eats his immortal liver before Heracles
    later releases him.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: Mecone division
  summary: Prometheus divides an ox into deceptive portions during a dispute between
    gods and mortal men.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: scene:3
  label: Fire withheld and stolen
  summary: Zeus withholds fire from mortals, and Prometheus steals it in a hollow
    fennel stalk.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: scene:4
  label: Price of fire
  summary: Zeus responds to the stolen fire by having a maiden-like figure made and
    adorned as a retaliatory gift.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: sacred theft of fire
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacred_theft
  - culture_hero
  basis: A divine power, fire, is withheld by Zeus and stolen by Prometheus for mortal
    men.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage also emphasizes punishment and does not present the act as
    uncomplicatedly positive.
- id: motif:2
  label: trickster at sacrificial boundary
  taxonomy_refs:
  - trickster_boundary
  - sacrifice
  basis: Prometheus uses deceptive food portions in a divine-human dispute that explains
    altar practice.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  confidence: high
  cautions: The evidence supports a trickster role in this episode, not a full characterization
    of every Prometheus tradition.
- id: motif:3
  label: divine retaliation for transgression
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: Zeus responds to Prometheus's trick and theft by withholding fire, creating
    a price for fire, and binding Prometheus.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage frames retaliation through Zeus's anger; broader justice claims
    require wider context.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: 'This episode can be compared within the atlas to sacred-theft patterns in
    which a restricted divine resource is taken across a boundary for human use.

    '
  claim_level: same_motif
  target: 'taxonomy/motifs.yml: sacred_theft'
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The claim is motif-level only and does not assert contact with any
    other tradition.
- id: claim:2
  claim: 'The Mecone scene supports a cautious comparison to sacrifice-origin scenes
    because the deceptive division of ox portions is tied to burning bones for the
    gods on altars.

    '
  claim_level: same_function
  target: 'taxonomy/motifs.yml: sacrifice'
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: This passage addresses one ritual explanation, not sacrifice as a whole.
- id: claim:3
  claim: 'Zeus''s response can be compared to divine-judgment motifs where a transgressive
    act leads to punishment and a changed human condition.

    '
  claim_level: same_function
  target: 'taxonomy/motifs.yml: divine_judgment'
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: low
  limitations: The record does not decide whether Zeus's response is morally just;
    it only notes the punitive structure.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: Theogony (ll. 507-543)
  quote_or_summary: 'The passage names Prometheus as clever and full of wiles, then
    describes Zeus binding him with chains and an eagle eating his immortal liver
    until Heracles later releases him.

    '
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/hesiod-homeric-hymns-homerica.md
  rights_note: Public-domain English translation from Project Gutenberg.
- id: ev:2
  type: quote
  locator: Theogony (ll. 507-543)
  quote_or_summary: '"For when the gods and mortal men had a dispute at Mecone...
    Prometheus was forward to cut up a great ox and set portions before them, trying
    to befool the mind of Zeus."

    '
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/hesiod-homeric-hymns-homerica.md
  rights_note: Public-domain English translation from Project Gutenberg.
- id: ev:3
  type: quote
  locator: Theogony (ll. 548-558)
  quote_or_summary: '"Zeus... saw and failed not to perceive the trick... and because
    of this the tribes of men upon earth burn white bones to the deathless gods upon
    fragrant altars."

    '
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/hesiod-homeric-hymns-homerica.md
  rights_note: Public-domain English translation from Project Gutenberg.
- id: ev:4
  type: quote
  locator: Theogony (ll. 561-584)
  quote_or_summary: '"From that time he was always mindful of the trick, and would
    not give the power of unwearying fire... But the noble son of Iapetus outwitted
    him and stole the far-seen gleam of unwearying fire in a hollow fennel stalk."

    '
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/hesiod-homeric-hymns-homerica.md
  rights_note: Public-domain English translation from Project Gutenberg.
- id: ev:5
  type: quote
  locator: Theogony (ll. 561-584)
  quote_or_summary: '"Forthwith he made an evil thing for men as the price of fire;
    for the very famous Limping God formed of earth the likeness of a shy maiden as
    the son of Cronos willed."

    '
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/hesiod-homeric-hymns-homerica.md
  rights_note: Public-domain English translation from Project Gutenberg.
- id: ev:6
  type: quote
  locator: Theogony (ll. 613-616)
  quote_or_summary: '"So it is not possible to deceive or go beyond the will of Zeus;
    for not even the son of Iapetus, kindly Prometheus, escaped his heavy anger..."

    '
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/hesiod-homeric-hymns-homerica.md
  rights_note: Public-domain English translation from Project Gutenberg.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: high
  comparison_claims: low
  notes: Passage evidence is explicit, while comparison claims remain limited to motif/function
    matching.
reviewer_status:
  status: draft
  notes: Draft extraction for human review.
extracted_by: Codex
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: Created for Wave 2 Greek extraction.