Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.sufi-omar-khayyam-sufistic-quatrains-gutenberg-l6258-l6483

batch.motif.sufi-omar-khayyam-sufistic-quatrains-gutenberg-l6258-l6483

---
record_id: batch.motif.sufi-omar-khayyam-sufistic-quatrains-gutenberg-l6258-l6483
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/sufi/project-gutenberg/sufistic-quatrains-omar-khayyam.md
passage_locator:
  label: E.H. WHINFIELD, M.A. / INTRODUCTION / E.H. WHINFIELD / QUATRAINS OF OMAR
    KHAYYAM; lines 6258-6483
  start: '6258'
  end: '6483'
  translation: The Sufistic Quatrains of Omar Khayyam
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: A sequence of annotated quatrains treats Ramazan restraint, wine, gardens,
    palaces, kings, death, bodily transience, the world's unreality, pleasure, and
    the uncertainty of origin and destination. Editorial notes gloss Persian terms
    and occasionally compare practices or phrases with other traditions or authors.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: Ramazan is described in an editorial note as the Mahammadan Lent, and a quatrain
    says that when Ramazan comes wine, pastimes, stored wine, and kisses must be foregone.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: The world is described as a caravanserai, a pied pavilion of night and day,
    a feast once attended by many Jamshids, and a couch once occupied by many Bahrams.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: A former palace of Bahram is now a place where wild roes give birth and tigers
    roam, and Bahram the hunter king is said to have become prey to death.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:4
  text: Rain, drink, blooming flowers, and the speaker's future dust yielding flowers
    are linked in one quatrain.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:5
  text: Wine is described as sustaining many forms, taking the shapes of plants and
    creatures, while its essence remains though forms perish; an editorial note identifies
    wine with the divine Noumenon.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:6
  text: A sage goes to a wine-house carrying a wine-cup and prayer mat, and tells
    the questioner to drink because the world is naught but air.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:7
  text: A nightingale enters a garden, sees lilies and roses, and urges living one's
    life because the fleeting day will not return.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:8
  text: The body is compared to a tent briefly lodging the Sultan spirit; when the
    spirit departs, death as tent-pitcher strikes the tent and moves onward.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:9
  text: Khayyam is said to have stitched the tents of learning, fallen into a furnace,
    had death's shears cut his thread of life, and been sold off by fate's brokers.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:10
  text: The speaker urges haste because one must quit life below, pass the veil, know
    Allah's secrets, and does not know whence one comes or whither one goes.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: obs:11
  text: The speaker asks what power there is to cease wandering if heaven grants no
    place of rest.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: obs:12
  text: An editorial note compares the speaker's praise of wine with a passage from
    Horace about fruitful cups making people eloquent.
  category: other
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: Ramazan
  description: A named period during which wine and simple pastimes are to be foregone.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Poetic speaker
  description: The recurring first-person or exhorting voice who addresses readers,
    zealots, or named figures and urges drinking or reflection on mortality.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:6
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Jamshids
  description: Former royal or legendary occupants of the world's feast, mentioned
    in the plural as a thousand Jamshids.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Bahram
  description: A great hunter king formerly holding sway in a palace, now described
    as prey to death.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Death
  description: Personified as a hunter's captor, a tent-pitcher, and wielder of shears
    cutting the thread of life.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Sage or Shaikh
  description: A religiously marked sage who repairs to the wine-house carrying a
    wine-cup and prayer mat and answers the speaker.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Bulbul
  description: A nightingale that flies into the garden and cries out in ecstatic
    notes.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Sultan spirit
  description: The spirit that takes brief lodging in the body's tent before departing.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Khayyam
  description: Named as one who stitched the tents of learning and is subjected to
    burning, death's shears, and fate's brokers.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: Zealot
  description: An addressee or religiously strict figure who ignores the cup or is
    addressed about reason and guidance.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
  - ev:13
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: ritual abstinence period
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The quatrain says wine, pastimes, and kisses must be foregone when Ramazan
    comes.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:2
  label: mortal exhorter
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: The voice urges drinking, pleasure, and reflection on death, the veil, and
    unknown origin and destination.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
- id: role:3
  label: former royal occupant
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  basis: Jamshids and Bahrams are named as past figures who sat at the feast or lay
    on the couch of the world.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: role:4
  label: hunter overtaken by death
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: Bahram is called a great hunter king who is now prey to death.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:5
  label: personified mortality
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: Death is described as taking the hunter, striking the bodily tent, and cutting
    the thread of life.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: role:6
  label: paradoxical religious drinker
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: The sage or Shaikh carries both a wine-cup and prayer mat to the wine-house
    and advises drinking.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: role:7
  label: garden admonisher
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: The Bulbul cries out to live one's life because the day will not return.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: role:8
  label: temporary indwelling spirit
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: The Sultan spirit lodges briefly in the bodily tent and departs.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: role:9
  label: learned mortal subject to fate
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: Khayyam is associated with learning but is burned, cut off by death, and
    sold by fate's brokers.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: role:10
  label: abstinent critic or addressee
  assigned_to:
  - fig:10
  basis: The zealot is characterized as one who ignores the cup or is addressed by
    the wine-praising speaker.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
  - ev:13
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: wine and drinking vessels
  literal_form: wine, goblets, bowls, cup, flask, wine-house
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:6
  - fig:10
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:12
  - ev:13
- id: sym:2
  label: world as temporary lodging
  literal_form: caravanserai, pavilion, feast, couch, tent, stage
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  - fig:8
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:8
  - ev:11
- id: sym:3
  label: ruined royal palace with animals
  literal_form: palace of Bahram, wild roes, tigers
  associated_figures:
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:4
  label: flowers from dust
  literal_form: tears from skies, drink, flowers, speaker's dust yielding flowers
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:5
  label: fire and smoke
  literal_form: people's fire bearing smoke; furnace in which Khayyam burns
  associated_figures:
  - fig:9
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:14
- id: sym:6
  label: garden of fleeting life
  literal_form: garden, lily cups, roses, green bank by a stream
  associated_figures:
  - fig:7
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:15
- id: sym:7
  label: veil before hidden knowledge
  literal_form: veil and Allah's secrets
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: sym:8
  label: thread of life
  literal_form: death's shears cutting the thread of life
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  - fig:9
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Ramazan abstinence
  summary: The passage frames Ramazan as a period in which wine, pastimes, stored
    drink, and kisses are to be renounced.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: World as lodging of vanished kings
  summary: The world is represented as temporary hospitality and furniture used by
    many former rulers, emphasizing their disappearance.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: scene:3
  label: Bahram's palace after death
  summary: The palace once ruled by Bahram is now occupied by wild animals, and the
    hunter king is himself overtaken by death.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: scene:4
  label: Wine, forms, and enduring essence
  summary: Wine is said to assume plant and creature forms while its essence does
    not die; the editor glosses wine as the divine Noumenon.
  figure_refs: []
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: scene:5
  label: Sage at the wine-house
  summary: A sage or Shaikh enters the wine-house with a cup and prayer mat and answers
    that one should drink because the world is air.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: scene:6
  label: Nightingale's carpe diem cry
  summary: The Bulbul views the garden's flowers and calls for living one's life because
    the day will not be lived again.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:7
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: scene:7
  label: Body as tent of the spirit
  summary: The body houses the Sultan spirit only briefly; when the spirit departs,
    death strikes the tent and moves on.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:5
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: scene:8
  label: Khayyam cut off by death and fate
  summary: Khayyam's learning is figured as tent-making, but he is burned, his life-thread
    cut, and his person sold off by fate's brokers.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:5
  - fig:9
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:5
  - sym:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: scene:9
  label: Departure through the veil
  summary: The speaker urges haste before leaving life, passing the veil, learning
    Allah's secrets, and confronting unknown origin and destination.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: World as temporary lodging
  taxonomy_refs:
  - departure
  - wisdom
  basis: The passage repeatedly depicts the world or body as a caravanserai, pavilion,
    couch, tent, lodging, or stage from which occupants depart.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:8
  - ev:11
  confidence: high
  cautions: The taxonomy refs are broad; the passage is lyric and metaphorical rather
    than a narrative journey map.
- id: motif:2
  label: Vanished kings and ruins
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: Jamshid and Bahram are invoked as past rulers; Bahram's palace is now inhabited
    by wild animals and he is prey to death.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  confidence: high
  cautions: This is an impermanence motif rather than a full royal-legitimacy narrative.
- id: motif:3
  label: Death as personified taker
  taxonomy_refs:
  - death_rebirth
  basis: Death is personified as taking Bahram, striking the body's tent, and cutting
    Khayyam's thread of life.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage emphasizes mortality; rebirth is only indirectly present elsewhere
    in the flower-from-dust image.
- id: motif:4
  label: Dust becoming flowers
  taxonomy_refs:
  - death_rebirth
  - seasonal_cycle
  basis: The speaker says present flowers give delight and that his dust shall also
    yield flowers, though for whom is unknown.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The quatrain suggests material transformation after death, not necessarily
    personal resurrection.
- id: motif:5
  label: Wine as spiritual or metaphysical essence
  taxonomy_refs:
  - annihilation_union
  - mystical_quest
  basis: Wine is said to take many forms while its essence remains, and the editor
    notes that wine means the divine Noumenon.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The mystical interpretation is supplied by the editorial note; the quatrain
    itself uses wine imagery.
- id: motif:6
  label: Carpe diem before death
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: Several quatrains urge drinking or pleasure while time remains, because the
    day will not return and one's origin and destination are unknown.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:10
  - ev:13
  - ev:15
  confidence: high
  cautions: This is a lyric ethical pattern, not a discrete mythic episode.
- id: motif:7
  label: Hidden knowledge beyond the veil
  taxonomy_refs:
  - forbidden_knowledge
  - mystical_quest
  basis: The speaker says one must pass the veil and know Allah's secrets after quitting
    life below.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage does not narrate a completed quest or specify that the knowledge
    is forbidden; it is hidden or post-mortal.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: The editor explicitly compares Ramazan with Lent as a period of religious
    abstinence.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: Lent
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: high
  limitations: The claim is limited to the editor's functional comparison and does
    not establish historical derivation.
- id: claim:2
  claim: The editor compares a wine-praise quatrain with Horace's statement that fruitful
    cups teach arts or make people eloquent.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: Horace on wine and eloquence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The passage provides only a brief editorial comparison, not an extended
    literary argument.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 6258-6267; quatrain 69 and note
  quote_or_summary: 'Editorial note: Ramazan is the Mahammadan Lent. The quatrain
    says that with Ramazan no wine must flow, simple pastimes must be foregone, stored
    wine must not be drunk, and mistresses must not be kissed.'
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/sufi/project-gutenberg/sufistic-quatrains-omar-khayyam.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: quatrain 70
  quote_or_summary: The world is called a caravanserai, a pied pavilion of night and
    day, a feast where a thousand Jamshids sat, and a couch where a thousand Bahrams
    lay.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/sufi/project-gutenberg/sufistic-quatrains-omar-khayyam.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: quatrain 72
  quote_or_summary: In the palace where Bahram held sway, wild roes give birth and
    tigers stray; the hunter king has fallen prey to death.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/sufi/project-gutenberg/sufistic-quatrains-omar-khayyam.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: quatrain 73
  quote_or_summary: Tears fall from gloomy skies; without drink flowers could not
    bloom; as flowers delight the speaker now, the speaker's dust shall yield flowers,
    God knows for whom.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/sufi/project-gutenberg/sufistic-quatrains-omar-khayyam.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: quatrain 75 and note
  quote_or_summary: Wine sustains myriad forms and takes shapes of plants and creatures;
    its forms perish but its essence remains. The note says wine means the divine
    Noumenon.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/sufi/project-gutenberg/sufistic-quatrains-omar-khayyam.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: quatrain 80
  quote_or_summary: The speaker sees a sage go to the wine-house bearing a wine-cup
    and prayer mat; when asked what this means, the Shaikh says to drink because the
    world is naught but air.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/sufi/project-gutenberg/sufistic-quatrains-omar-khayyam.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: quatrain 81
  quote_or_summary: The Bulbul flies to the garden, views lily cups and roses, and
    cries in ecstatic notes to live one's life because this fleeting day will not
    be re-lived.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/sufi/project-gutenberg/sufistic-quatrains-omar-khayyam.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: quatrain 82
  quote_or_summary: The body is a tent where the Sultan spirit takes lodging briefly;
    when the spirit departs, death the tent-pitcher strikes the tent and moves to
    another stage.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/sufi/project-gutenberg/sufistic-quatrains-omar-khayyam.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: quatrain 83
  quote_or_summary: Khayyam, who stitched the tents of learning, falls into a furnace
    and burns; death's shears cut his thread of life, and fate's brokers sell him
    off.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/sufi/project-gutenberg/sufistic-quatrains-omar-khayyam.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:10
  type: summary
  locator: quatrain 87
  quote_or_summary: The speaker says one must soon quit life below, pass the veil,
    and know Allah's secrets, and urges pleasure because one does not know whence
    one comes or whither one goes.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/sufi/project-gutenberg/sufistic-quatrains-omar-khayyam.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:11
  type: summary
  locator: quatrain 88
  quote_or_summary: The speaker says departure is necessary and asks what power people
    have to cease wandering if heaven grants no place of rest.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/sufi/project-gutenberg/sufistic-quatrains-omar-khayyam.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:12
  type: summary
  locator: quatrain 89 and note
  quote_or_summary: The speaker says chanting wine's praises is a daily task and lives
    encompassed by cup, bowl, and flask; the note compares Horace on fruitful cups
    making people eloquent.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/sufi/project-gutenberg/sufistic-quatrains-omar-khayyam.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:13
  type: summary
  locator: quatrains 71, 74, 85-86
  quote_or_summary: Several quatrains urge grasping goblets, drinking while one may,
    drinking extra on Friday, valuing rose-ruddy wine, music, lutes, harps, and flutes,
    and distancing the zealot who ignores the cup.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/sufi/project-gutenberg/sufistic-quatrains-omar-khayyam.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:14
  type: summary
  locator: quatrain 76
  quote_or_summary: The speaker says this people's fire bears only smoke, no soul
    cares for his well-being, and he finds no help when grasping men's skirts.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/sufi/project-gutenberg/sufistic-quatrains-omar-khayyam.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:15
  type: summary
  locator: quatrants 79 and 84
  quote_or_summary: The speaker imagines wine, a Houri, a green bank by a stream,
    minstrelsy, spring grass, and gives no thought to a better Paradise.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/sufi/project-gutenberg/sufistic-quatrains-omar-khayyam.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: medium
  notes: Literal content is clear in the supplied English passage. Motif labels are
    cautious because the passage is lyric, aphoristic, and editorially annotated rather
    than a single myth narrative.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  Only the supplied passage and metadata were used. No external taxonomy IDs beyond the available refs were added.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:sufi-omar-khayyam-sufistic-quatrains-gutenberg__l6258-l6483
  passage_sha256=b44aecd218b266297b7d9354a734c840905c4308ecf7b7bcb73125081643059d