batch.motif.greek-plato-republic-jowett-gutenberg-l5132-l5213
---
record_id: batch.motif.greek-plato-republic-jowett-gutenberg-l5132-l5213
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
passage_locator:
label: The Republic / THE REPUBLIC / INTRODUCTION AND ANALYSIS.; lines 5132-5213
start: '5132'
end: '5213'
translation: The Republic
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: Like man, like State
summary: The passage describes the tyrannical person as ruled by lawless desires,
unjust toward parents and city, and analogous to a tyrannical State. It argues
that both tyrannical soul and tyrannical polity contain little freedom, much slavery,
and great misery, and it illustrates the public tyrant through a comparison with
a slave owner isolated among hostile dependents.
language: English
quote_policy: quoted
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: The described person lives amid revelries and harlotries, with love called
the lord and master of the house.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: Many desires require money, so the person spends all he has, borrows more,
and is driven by desires compared to young ravens crying in a nest.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:3
text: The son may take possession of his parents' goods, defraud and deceive them,
or enslave father and mother to present fancies.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: obs:4
text: When no more can be obtained from parents, the person turns to burglary, pickpocketing,
or temple robbery.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:5
text: The person is said to become in waking reality the monster that he was sometimes
in sleep, growing strong in violence and lawlessness.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:6
text: A class of such people is associated with thieves, footpads, cut-purses, man-stealers,
false witnesses, and informers.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:7
text: If this class grows strong and numerous, it creates a tyrant from itself.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:8
text: If the people resist, the tyrant is said to beat fatherland and motherland
as he formerly beat father and mother, and to place mercenaries over them.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:9
text: The passage states that the tyrannical man and the tyrannical State are the
worst and most miserable by comparison with the royal or monarchical form.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: obs:10
text: The tyrannical soul is described as having little freedom, much slavery, and
the better part enslaved to the worse.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:11
text: A hypothetical god carries a wealthy slave owner and his household into a
wilderness where no freemen can help him.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:12
text: The isolated slave owner is described as terrified, compelled to flatter slaves,
and surrounded by neighbors hostile to slave ownership.
category: setting
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:13
text: The tyrant is described as a captive soul tormented by a swarm of passions
which he cannot indulge.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: tyrannical son or tyrannical man
description: A person ruled by love and lawless desires, unjust toward parents and
later analogous to the tyrant.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:4
- ev:6
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: father and mother
description: The parents whose goods the son may seize and whom he may deceive,
defraud, or enslave.
role_refs:
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: Adeimantus
description: The interlocutor addressed in the discussion.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: tyrant or public tyrant
description: The ruler created from the class of violent and lawless persons; he
is surrounded by satellites or mercenaries and is called most miserable.
role_refs:
- role:5
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:5
- ev:6
- ev:8
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: the people
description: The people who may yield to or resist the tyrant.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: impartial judge or examiner
description: A supposed observer able to look into the inner nature of man without
being panic-struck by the pomp of tyranny.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: wealthy owner of slaves
description: A hypothetical private slave owner used as an analogy for the tyrant's
condition.
role_refs:
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: slaves
description: The household dependents whom the isolated owner fears and flatters
in the hypothetical example.
role_refs:
- role:10
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: fig:9
name_or_label: god in hypothetical example
description: A god who carries the slave owner and household into a wilderness in
the analogy.
role_refs:
- role:11
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: fig:10
name_or_label: neighbors hostile to slave ownership
description: Neighbors who declare that slave owners should be punished with death.
role_refs:
- role:12
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: fig:11
name_or_label: tyrannical State
description: A State corresponding to the tyrannical man, characterized as having
little freedom, much slavery, poverty, misery, and sorrow.
role_refs:
- role:13
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
- id: fig:12
name_or_label: monarchical or royal State
description: The State contrasted with tyranny and described as happiest or best.
role_refs:
- role:14
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
roles:
- id: role:1
label: ruled by love and desires
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: Love is called the master of the house, and the person's actions are driven
by many desires.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:2
label: lawless offender
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: The person defrauds parents, may rob temples, and becomes violent and lawless.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: role:3
label: parents harmed by son
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: The son takes or seeks their goods and may defraud, deceive, or enslave them.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: role:4
label: dialogue interlocutor
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: Adeimantus is directly addressed and responds within the passage.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: role:5
label: public tyrant
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: The tyrant is formed from the violent class, places mercenaries over the
fatherland and motherland, and rules publicly.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:6
- id: role:6
label: most miserable ruler
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: The passage says the tyrannical public ruler is more miserable than the private
tyrannical man.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: role:7
label: resisting or yielding populace
assigned_to:
- fig:5
basis: The people may yield to the tyrant or resist him.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: role:8
label: inner-nature examiner
assigned_to:
- fig:6
basis: The observer is described as able to penetrate the inner nature of man and
not be deceived by tyranny's pomp.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: role:9
label: isolated slave owner
assigned_to:
- fig:7
basis: The analogy imagines a wealthy slave owner carried into a wilderness without
civic protection.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: role:10
label: feared dependents
assigned_to:
- fig:8
basis: The owner fears and flatters the slaves once isolated from civic support.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: role:11
label: divine transporter in analogy
assigned_to:
- fig:9
basis: A god carries the slave owner and household into the wilderness.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: role:12
label: hostile surrounding community
assigned_to:
- fig:10
basis: The neighbors oppose slave ownership and threaten punishment by death.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: role:13
label: political analogue of tyrannical man
assigned_to:
- fig:11
basis: The passage explicitly compares the tyrannical man and State.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
- id: role:14
label: positive political contrast
assigned_to:
- fig:12
basis: The monarchical or royal State is contrasted with the tyrannical State as
happiest or best.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: love as master
literal_form: Love called the lord and master of the house
associated_figures:
- fig:1
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: sym:2
label: young ravens in the nest
literal_form: Young ravens in the nest crying for food
associated_figures:
- fig:1
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: sym:3
label: monster from sleep made real
literal_form: The monster that appeared in sleep becomes sober reality
associated_figures:
- fig:1
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: sym:4
label: fatherland and motherland
literal_form: The city or country described as fatherland and motherland
associated_figures:
- fig:4
- fig:5
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: sym:5
label: enthroned tyrant with satellites
literal_form: The tyrant appearing enthroned amid his satellites
associated_figures:
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: sym:6
label: enslaved better part of the soul
literal_form: The better part enslaved to the worse within the soul
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: sym:7
label: wilderness without freemen
literal_form: A wilderness where there are no freemen to help the slave owner
associated_figures:
- fig:7
- fig:8
- fig:9
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: sym:8
label: captive soul and swarm of passions
literal_form: A captive soul tormented by a swarm of passions
associated_figures:
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Life of the tyrannical son
summary: The passage describes a person ruled by love and desires, spending and
borrowing money, then defrauding or coercing parents to satisfy new pleasures.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: scene:2
label: Violence expands from household to city
summary: The lawless class commits crimes and, when numerous, creates a tyrant who
treats fatherland and motherland as the tyrannical son treated his parents.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:4
- fig:5
symbol_refs:
- sym:3
- sym:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- id: scene:3
label: Comparison of tyrannical man and tyrannical State
summary: The passage compares man and State, judging the tyrannical form to be the
opposite of the royal State and the most miserable.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:4
- fig:6
- fig:11
- fig:12
symbol_refs:
- sym:5
- sym:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- ev:6
- id: scene:4
label: Slave owner in the wilderness analogy
summary: A hypothetical god removes a wealthy slave owner and household into a wilderness,
where he lacks civic protection, fears his slaves, and is surrounded by hostile
neighbors.
figure_refs:
- fig:7
- fig:8
- fig:9
- fig:10
symbol_refs:
- sym:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: scene:5
label: Tyrant as captive soul
summary: The tyrant is compared to a captive soul tormented by passions he cannot
indulge and confined indoors.
figure_refs:
- fig:4
symbol_refs:
- sym:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: desire ruling the self
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Love and many desires are depicted as masters that drive spending, fraud,
violence, and misery.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:8
confidence: high
cautions: This is a philosophical-ethical pattern in the passage rather than a narrated
mythic episode.
- id: motif:2
label: household impiety extended to civic tyranny
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The tyrannical son harms father and mother, and the public tyrant later beats
fatherland and motherland and imposes mercenaries.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:3
confidence: high
cautions: The kinship language for the city is metaphorical in the passage.
- id: motif:3
label: enslavement of the better part by the worse
taxonomy_refs:
- duality
basis: The soul and State are described in terms of bad freedom and good slavery,
with the better part enslaved to the worse.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
confidence: medium
cautions: The taxonomy link to duality is supported by internal oppositions but
remains interpretive.
- id: motif:4
label: seeing beneath tyrannical pomp
taxonomy_refs:
- wisdom
basis: The passage requests an examiner able to penetrate the inner nature of man
and not be frightened by the vain pomp of tyranny.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage frames this as philosophical judgment, not a mythic wisdom
quest.
- id: motif:5
label: isolated master becomes fearful captive
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The slave-owner analogy shows a powerful owner transported to a wilderness,
where lack of protection turns him into a frightened flatterer of those he commands.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:8
confidence: high
cautions: This is an analogy within the argument, not an independent narrative tradition.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
claim: The passage explicitly presents the tyrannical man and the tyrannical State
as corresponding forms, with similar structures of slavery, disorder, and misery.
claim_level: same_function
target: tyrannical man and tyrannical State
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: high
limitations: This is an internal philosophical analogy within the passage, not evidence
of historical contact or shared mythic origin.
- id: claim:2
claim: The hypothetical isolated slave owner functions as an explanatory analogue
for the public tyrant's fearful and captive condition.
claim_level: same_function
target: wealthy slave owner isolated among slaves and the public tyrant
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:8
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: high
limitations: The comparison is argumentative and illustrative; it should not be
treated as an independent mythic parallel.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: 5132-5145
quote_or_summary: The tyrannical person lives amid revelries and harlotries; love
is master of the house; desires require money; the son seeks or takes his parents'
goods.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized evidence.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: 5145-5158
quote_or_summary: For new and unnecessary love, he may give up or enslave father
and mother; when they can give no more, he turns burglar, pickpocket, or temple
robber, becoming the monster once seen in sleep.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized evidence.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: 5158-5170
quote_or_summary: Such people become criminals or mercenaries; if strong and numerous
they create a tyrant, and if the people resist he beats fatherland and motherland
and sets mercenaries over them.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized evidence.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: 5170-5177
quote_or_summary: Such men live with flatterers, discard followers, are always masters
or servants, lack friendship, and the most tyrannical is called worst and most
miserable.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized evidence.
- id: ev:5
type: quote
locator: 5178-5189
quote_or_summary: '"Like man, like State"; the tyrannical man answers to tyranny,
and an observer should look into the inner nature of man without being misled
by tyranny''s pomp.'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation used.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: 5190-5202
quote_or_summary: 'The judge compares individual and State: both have little freedom
and much slavery; the better part is enslaved to the worse; the public tyrant
is still more miserable.'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized evidence.
- id: ev:7
type: summary
locator: 5202-5211
quote_or_summary: A wealthy slave owner is imagined carried by a god into a wilderness
with no freemen to help him; he fears and flatters his slaves and is surrounded
by neighbors hostile to slave ownership.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized evidence.
- id: ev:8
type: quote
locator: 5211-5213
quote_or_summary: The tyrant is described as a "captive soul" tormented by a "swarm
of passions" which he cannot indulge.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation used.
confidence:
extraction: high
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: high
notes: Literal extraction is strong because the passage is explicit. Motif labels
are cautious because the passage is philosophical analysis rather than mythic
narration.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
Used only the supplied passage and metadata. Taxonomy references were applied only where directly supportable at a cautious level.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:greek-plato-republic-jowett-gutenberg__l5132-l5213
passage_sha256=2ddfdb93cfb70e887aaad0a405e28300a30c5980bac261dff05b05b4f668eb0d