batch.motif.greek-plato-republic-jowett-gutenberg-l2456-l2517
---
record_id: batch.motif.greek-plato-republic-jowett-gutenberg-l2456-l2517
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
passage_locator:
label: The Republic / THE REPUBLIC / INTRODUCTION AND ANALYSIS.; lines 2456-2517
start: '2456'
end: '2517'
translation: The Republic
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: The passage summarizes Socrates' argument that the individual soul, like
the State, contains distinct principles. It uses examples of contrary impulses
such as thirst restrained by reason, Leontius' simultaneous desire and abhorrence
at seeing corpses, and the image of spirit aiding reason until reason quiets it.
A Homeric line is cited to distinguish passion from reason.
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: The passage states that Socrates is going to identify the individual and the
State and first must prove that there are three parts of the individual soul.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: The argument asks whether reasoning, desiring, and anger belong to different
parts of nature or to the whole soul in each action.
category: other
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:3
text: The passage provisionally assumes that the same thing in the same relation
cannot do, be, or suffer opposites.
category: other
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:4
text: Thirst and hunger are presented as forms of desire with definite objects,
drink and food.
category: object
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:5
text: 'The thirsty soul may feel two contradictory impulses: an animal impulse saying
to drink and a rational impulse saying not to drink.'
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:6
text: Leontius passes a place outside the north wall near the Piraeus where dead
bodies lie by the executioner.
category: setting
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:7
text: Leontius both desires to see the dead bodies and feels abhorrence toward them;
he first turns away and shuts his eyes, then opens them and addresses his eyes
as wretches.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:7
- id: obs:8
text: The passage identifies passion or spirit as a third principle that often assists
reason against desire, but not desire against reason.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:9
text: In the example of unjust suffering, indignation supports the person, and hunger
and thirst cannot tame him until the voice of reason is heard.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: obs:10
text: The passage says passion is not the same as reason, since passion exists in
children and brutes, and it cites Homer as proof of their distinction.
category: other
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: Socrates
description: Named as the one presenting the argument identifying the individual
and the State and proving three parts of the soul.
role_refs:
- role:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: Individual soul
description: The soul under analysis, questioned as one or three and described through
reasoning, desiring, anger, passion, and spirit.
role_refs:
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:8
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: Rational principle / reason
description: The impulse that says not to drink and the voice compared to a shepherd
commanding the dog to stop barking.
role_refs:
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:9
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: Animal desire / appetite
description: The impulse that says to drink and includes hunger and thirst as forms
of desire.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- ev:9
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: Passion / spirit
description: A third principle said to assist reason against desire and to support
the person suffering unjustly.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:9
- ev:10
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: Leontius
description: A person in the illustrative story who encounters dead bodies near
the executioner and experiences conflicting impulses.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:7
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: Homer
description: Cited as providing proof of the distinction between passion and reason
through a line about rebuking the soul.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
roles:
- id: role:1
label: philosophical arguer
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: The passage introduces Socrates as the one who must prove that the individual
soul has three parts.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:2
label: object of analysis
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: The passage asks whether the soul's principles are one or three.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: role:3
label: restraining rational principle
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: The rational impulse says not to drink and reason is later compared to a
shepherd commanding restraint.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:9
- id: role:4
label: desiring appetitive principle
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: Desire is exemplified by thirst and hunger, and the animal impulse says to
drink.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: role:5
label: spirited ally of reason
assigned_to:
- fig:5
basis: Passion or spirit is described as assisting reason against desire and supporting
resistance under unjust suffering.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:9
- id: role:6
label: illustrative example of inner conflict
assigned_to:
- fig:6
basis: Leontius is used as a story that throws light on the question of passion
as a third principle.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:7
- ev:8
- id: role:7
label: cited poetic authority
assigned_to:
- fig:7
basis: Homer is cited as proof distinguishing passion and reason.
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: thirst and drink
literal_form: Thirst directed toward drink
associated_figures:
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: sym:2
label: dead bodies by the executioner
literal_form: Dead bodies lying by the executioner outside the north wall
associated_figures:
- fig:6
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: sym:3
label: averted and forced-open eyes
literal_form: Leontius turns away, shuts his eyes, then tears them open
associated_figures:
- fig:6
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: sym:4
label: shepherd voice and dog
literal_form: The voice of the shepherd, identified as reason, bidding his dog bark
no more
associated_figures:
- fig:3
- fig:5
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: sym:5
label: smitten breast and rebuked soul
literal_form: A Homeric figure smites his breast and rebukes his soul
associated_figures:
- fig:7
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Argument for three principles in soul and State
summary: Socrates' argument moves from the claim that justice has the same meaning
in the individual and the State to the question whether reasoning, desiring, and
anger are separate principles.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: scene:2
label: Contradictory impulses of thirst
summary: The passage uses thirst to show that the soul may experience an animal
impulse to drink and a rational impulse not to drink, treating the contradiction
as evidence for distinct principles.
figure_refs:
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:4
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: scene:3
label: Leontius at the execution site
summary: Leontius passes dead bodies near the executioner, resists looking, then
opens his eyes and tells them to take their fill of the sight.
figure_refs:
- fig:6
symbol_refs:
- sym:2
- sym:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:7
- id: scene:4
label: Spirit as ally of reason
summary: The passage describes passion or spirit as a third principle that aids
reason against desire, supports indignation at injustice, and is quieted by reason's
shepherd-like voice.
figure_refs:
- fig:3
- fig:4
- fig:5
symbol_refs:
- sym:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:9
- id: scene:5
label: Homeric support for distinction
summary: The passage cites Homer to support the distinction between passion and
reason through an image of a person smiting his breast and rebuking his soul.
figure_refs:
- fig:5
- fig:7
symbol_refs:
- sym:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: Tripartite soul or three inner principles
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The passage explicitly frames the problem as proving three parts of the soul
and distinguishes reasoning, desiring, and anger or spirit.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:8
- ev:10
confidence: high
cautions: This is a philosophical pattern rather than a mythic narrative motif.
- id: motif:2
label: Opposing impulses within one person
taxonomy_refs:
- duality
basis: The thirst example contrasts animal desire with rational restraint, and the
Leontius story contrasts desire to see with abhorrence.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
- ev:7
confidence: high
cautions: The passage uses dual opposition within a broader tripartite argument.
- id: motif:3
label: Reason restrains passion through shepherd image
taxonomy_refs:
- wisdom
basis: Reason is figured as a shepherd's voice that stops the dog from barking,
while spirit is said to assist reason against desire.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:9
confidence: medium
cautions: The taxonomy reference is approximate; the passage presents a philosophical
metaphor, not an independent wisdom myth.
- id: motif:4
label: Compelled gaze at death
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Leontius experiences both longing and abhorrence toward seeing dead bodies,
attempts to avert his eyes, then forces them open.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:7
confidence: medium
cautions: This is an illustrative anecdote used for psychology; broader motif status
requires review.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
claim: The passage itself compares its distinction between passion and reason to
a Homeric image of someone smiting his breast and rebuking his soul.
claim_level: same_function
target: 'Homeric line: ''He smote his breast, and thus rebuked his soul.'''
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: medium
limitations: The passage gives only a brief quotation and does not identify the
Homeric work, episode, or broader narrative context.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: 2456-2463
quote_or_summary: Socrates is introduced as identifying the individual and the State
and needing to prove that the individual soul has three parts.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; concise summary used.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: 2464-2475
quote_or_summary: The passage asks whether the same principles in State and individual
are one or three, and whether reasoning, desiring, and anger belong to different
principles or the whole soul.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; concise summary used.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: 2475-2482
quote_or_summary: The argument provisionally assumes that the same thing in the
same relation cannot be affected in two opposite ways, with examples of standing
still while moving arms and a top fixed in place while rotating.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; concise summary used.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: 2482-2499
quote_or_summary: Opposites include assent and dissent, desire and avoidance; thirst
and hunger are forms of desire, directed toward drink and food respectively.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; concise summary used.
- id: ev:5
type: quote
locator: 2500-2505
quote_or_summary: '"the animal one saying ‘Drink;’ the rational one, which says
‘Do not drink.’"'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation used.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: 2506-2510
quote_or_summary: Leontius comes up from the Piraeus outside the north wall and
passes dead bodies lying by the executioner.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; concise summary used.
- id: ev:7
type: quote
locator: 2510-2514
quote_or_summary: '"at first he turned away and shut his eyes, then, suddenly tearing
them open" and addressed them: "Take your fill, ye wretches, of the fair sight."'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation used.
- id: ev:8
type: summary
locator: 2514-2518
quote_or_summary: The passage asks whether the Leontius story shows a third principle
that often assists reason against desire, but never desire against reason; it
identifies this as passion or spirit.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; concise summary used.
- id: ev:9
type: summary
locator: 2518-2528
quote_or_summary: When someone suffers unjustly, indignation supports him; hunger
and thirst cannot tame him until reason, figured as the voice of a shepherd telling
his dog to bark no more, is heard within.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; concise summary used.
- id: ev:10
type: quote
locator: 2528-2532
quote_or_summary: '"He smote his breast, and thus rebuked his soul." The passage
cites Homer to distinguish passion from reason.'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation used.
confidence:
extraction: high
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: medium
notes: The passage is an analytical summary of Plato's argument rather than a mythic
narrative. Literal extraction is strong; motif labeling is approximate and should
be reviewed.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
Line references are based on the supplied locator, but the provided passage extends slightly beyond the stated end in its final sentences; evidence locators follow the supplied line-range context approximately.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:greek-plato-republic-jowett-gutenberg__l2456-l2517
passage_sha256=6c01635163ac0b99a0b214f409e001c8d00c04bcb431968244d7c573a038472e