batch.motif.greek-plato-republic-jowett-gutenberg-l22317-l22464
---
record_id: batch.motif.greek-plato-republic-jowett-gutenberg-l22317-l22464
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
passage_locator:
label: BOOK VI. / BOOK VII. / BOOK VIII. / BOOK IX.; lines 22317-22464
start: '22317'
end: '22464'
translation: The Republic
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: The passage argues that the public tyrant is miserable because he is enslaved
by fear, lust, flattery, and lack of self-rule. It ranks royal, timocratical,
oligarchical, democratical, and tyrannical characters by happiness and misery,
then begins a second proof from the tripartite soul, distinguishing learning,
spirited anger, and appetitive desire, with corresponding classes of lovers of
wisdom, honour, and gain.
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: A hypothetical man is compelled to flatter his slaves and promise them freedom
against his will in order to save himself.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: A god is imagined as carrying the man away and surrounding him with neighbours
who oppose one person mastering another and would kill an offender if they caught
him.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:3
text: The tyrant is described as bound in a prison, full of fears and lusts, unable
to travel freely, and living in his hole like a hidden woman in a house.
category: setting
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:4
text: The public tyrant is said to be master of others while not master of himself,
like a diseased or paralytic man forced into combat rather than retirement.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:5
text: The real tyrant is called a real slave who practices adulation and servility,
flatters vile people, cannot satisfy his desires, is poor in soul, and is beset
with fear.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:6
text: The tyrant is said to grow worse through power, becoming more jealous, faithless,
unjust, friendless, impious, and miserable, and making others miserable.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:7
text: 'Five characters or regimes are presented for ranking: royal, timocratical,
oligarchical, democratical, and tyrannical.'
category: object
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:8
text: A proclamation states that the best and justest person is happiest and is
royal and king over himself, while the worst and most unjust person is most miserable
and is tyrant of himself and of his State.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:9
text: The individual soul is said to have three principles, corresponding to three
pleasures, three desires, and three governing powers.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: obs:10
text: The three soul-principles are described as learning, anger or spiritedness,
and an appetitive part associated with eating, drinking, sensual appetite, and
money-loving.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: obs:11
text: 'Three classes of people are named: lovers of wisdom, lovers of honour, and
lovers of gain, each with its own object of pleasure.'
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: the speaker
description: The first-person speaker who questions and argues, announces proofs,
and frames the judgment about happiness and misery.
role_refs:
- role:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:8
- ev:9
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: the respondent, son of Ariston
description: The interlocutor who answers the speaker and is asked to decide the
order of happiness among the five characters.
role_refs:
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:8
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: the tyrant or tyrannical man
description: A man described as full of fears and lusts, outwardly ruling others
but inwardly enslaved, miserable, and unable to master himself.
role_refs:
- role:3
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- ev:5
- ev:6
- ev:8
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: the royal man
description: The best and justest person, described as happiest and as king over
himself.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: the god in the hypothetical example
description: A divine agent imagined as carrying the man away and placing him among
neighbours hostile to mastery of one person by another.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: neighbours opposed to mastery
description: Neighbours who would not allow one man to master another and would
kill an offender if they caught him.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: lovers of wisdom
description: One class of people whose ruling soul-principle is directed toward
knowledge and truth.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- ev:11
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: lovers of honour
description: One class of people associated with the passionate element set on ruling,
conquering, and fame.
role_refs:
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- ev:11
- id: fig:9
name_or_label: lovers of gain
description: One class of people associated with the appetitive and money-loving
part of the soul.
role_refs:
- role:10
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- ev:11
roles:
- id: role:1
label: philosophical examiner
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: The speaker conducts the argument through questions, proofs, and proclamations.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:8
- ev:9
- id: role:2
label: judge of ranked lives
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: The respondent is asked to decide the order of happiness among five types,
like judging choruses on a stage.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: role:3
label: self-enslaved ruler
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: The tyrant is called a real slave and is said to rule others while failing
to rule himself.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: role:4
label: most miserable character
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: The tyrant is identified as the worst, most unjust, and most miserable person.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: role:5
label: self-ruling just person
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: The royal man is described as best, justest, happiest, and king over himself.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: role:6
label: divine transporter in hypothetical scenario
assigned_to:
- fig:5
basis: The god is imagined as carrying the man away and surrounding him with hostile
neighbours.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: role:7
label: external constraint on mastery
assigned_to:
- fig:6
basis: The neighbours do not permit one man to be master of another and threaten
the offender’s life.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: role:8
label: knowledge-directed class
assigned_to:
- fig:7
basis: The knowledge principle is directed to truth and is called lover of wisdom
or lover of knowledge.
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- ev:11
- id: role:9
label: honour-directed class
assigned_to:
- fig:8
basis: The passionate element is described as aiming at rule, conquest, and fame.
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- ev:11
- id: role:10
label: gain-directed class
assigned_to:
- fig:9
basis: The appetitive part is described as gain-loving or money-loving.
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- ev:11
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: prison
literal_form: prison binding the tyrant
associated_figures:
- fig:3
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: sym:2
label: hole
literal_form: the tyrant’s hole, compared to a hidden domestic enclosure
associated_figures:
- fig:3
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: sym:3
label: stage and choruses
literal_form: the five types compared to choruses entering a stage for judgment
associated_figures:
- fig:2
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: sym:4
label: self-kingship
literal_form: being king over oneself
associated_figures:
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: sym:5
label: tripartite soul
literal_form: three principles of soul with corresponding pleasures, desires, and
powers
associated_figures:
- fig:7
- fig:8
- fig:9
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- ev:10
- ev:11
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Hypothetical captivity among anti-mastery neighbours
summary: A man who depends on slaves is imagined as transported by a god into a
community where neighbours forbid one person to master another and would punish
the offender with death.
figure_refs:
- fig:5
- fig:6
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: scene:2
label: Tyrant as imprisoned and self-enslaved
summary: The tyrant is portrayed as trapped by fear and lust, unable to travel freely,
living hidden away, and forced to flatter others despite his public power.
figure_refs:
- fig:3
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- ev:5
- ev:6
- id: scene:3
label: Judgment of five lives
summary: The respondent is asked to rank royal, timocratical, oligarchical, democratical,
and tyrannical types by virtue, vice, happiness, and misery, leading to a proclamation
that the just self-ruling person is happiest and the tyrant is most miserable.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:4
symbol_refs:
- sym:3
- sym:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:8
- id: scene:4
label: Second proof from the soul
summary: 'The speaker introduces a proof based on three principles in the soul,
each with its pleasures and human class: wisdom, honour, and gain.'
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:7
- fig:8
- fig:9
symbol_refs:
- sym:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- ev:10
- ev:11
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: Tyrant as slave of inner desires
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The tyrant is described as outwardly ruling others while inwardly enslaved,
fearful, unsatisfied, and unable to govern himself.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- ev:6
confidence: high
cautions: This is an ethical-philosophical pattern rather than a narrative myth
motif.
- id: motif:2
label: Self-rule as true kingship
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The passage identifies the best and justest person as happiest and as royal
or king over himself.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
confidence: high
cautions: The passage uses royal imagery metaphorically for moral psychology.
- id: motif:3
label: Judgment and ranking of lives
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Five types are staged as if in a contest and ranked by virtue, vice, happiness,
and misery.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:8
confidence: medium
cautions: The scene is argumentative and theatrical, not a mythic divine judgment
narrative.
- id: motif:4
label: Tripartite inner order
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The soul is divided into three principles, each associated with different
pleasures, desires, and governing powers.
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- ev:10
- ev:11
confidence: high
cautions: No available taxonomy reference directly names a tripartite-soul motif.
- id: motif:5
label: Wisdom-directed life
taxonomy_refs:
- wisdom
basis: The knowledge principle is directed to truth and grounds the class named
lovers of wisdom or lovers of knowledge.
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- ev:11
confidence: medium
cautions: The taxonomy reference is broad; the passage is a philosophical classification
rather than a mythic wisdom quest.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: 22317-22321
quote_or_summary: A man must flatter his slaves and promise them freedom and other
things against his will to save himself.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: 22323-22331
quote_or_summary: A god is imagined carrying the man away and surrounding him with
neighbours who oppose one man mastering another and would take the offender’s
life.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
type: quote
locator: 22333-22342
quote_or_summary: The tyrant is described as in a prison, full of fears and lusts,
not allowed to journey, and living “in his hole like a woman hidden in the house.”
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; short excerpt included.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: 22346-22354
quote_or_summary: The tyrannical man becomes more miserable as a public tyrant,
being master of others while not master of himself, like a diseased or paralytic
man forced to fight with others.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: 22362-22371
quote_or_summary: The real tyrant is called the real slave, compelled to practice
adulation and servility, unable to satisfy desires, poor in soul, and beset by
fear and distractions.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: 22375-22382
quote_or_summary: Power makes the tyrant more jealous, faithless, unjust, friendless,
impious, and miserable, and he makes others miserable too.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
type: summary
locator: 22386-22396
quote_or_summary: A judge is asked to rank five types—royal, timocratical, oligarchical,
democratical, and tyrannical—as choruses entering a stage, using virtue, vice,
happiness, and misery as criteria.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
type: summary
locator: 22398-22409
quote_or_summary: A proclamation says the best and justest is happiest, royal, and
king over himself, while the worst and most unjust is most miserable and tyrant
of himself and of the State, whether seen or unseen by gods and men.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
type: summary
locator: 22413-22422
quote_or_summary: 'A second proof begins from the soul: the individual soul, like
the State, has three principles, with three corresponding pleasures, desires,
and governing powers.'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:10
type: summary
locator: 22424-22450
quote_or_summary: One principle learns, another is angry, and the third is appetitive,
associated with eating, drinking, sensual appetites, and money; the spirited element
seeks rule, conquest, and fame; the knowledge principle seeks truth.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:11
type: summary
locator: 22452-22464
quote_or_summary: 'The passage names three classes of people: lovers of wisdom,
lovers of honour, and lovers of gain, with three corresponding kinds of pleasure.'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
extraction: high
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: high
notes: The passage is philosophical argument rather than mythic narrative; literal
entities and motifs have been kept close to the supplied text. No comparison claims
are made because the passage itself does not support a specific cross-traditional
comparison.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
All taxonomy links are limited to available references and used only where directly supported by the passage.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:greek-plato-republic-jowett-gutenberg__l22317-l22464
passage_sha256=b46f65a1ad3af3fd073843d60bd1f4baa125c13a89c7448640ad741bcf67009f