batch.motif.greek-plato-republic-jowett-gutenberg-l14994-l15155
---
record_id: batch.motif.greek-plato-republic-jowett-gutenberg-l14994-l15155
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
passage_locator:
label: BOOK I. / BOOK II. / BOOK III. / BOOK IV.; lines 14994-15155
start: '14994'
end: '15155'
translation: The Republic
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: Socrates argues that the rational part of the soul should rule, the spirited
part should support it, and both should guard the desiring part. He defines courage,
wisdom, temperance, justice, and injustice in relation to the ordered or disordered
relations among the soul's three parts, comparing inner justice to harmony in
a musical scale and to proper division of labor in the State.
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: The rational principle is described as wise and as having care of the whole
soul; it ought to rule.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: The passionate or spirited principle is described as subject and ally to the
rational principle.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:3
text: Music and gymnastic are said to bring reason and spirit into accord, strengthening
reason and moderating passion by harmony and rhythm.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:4
text: The rational and spirited parts are said to rule over and guard the concupiscent
part, which is described as large and insatiable of gain.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:5
text: The concupiscent part is described as capable of growing strong through bodily
pleasures and attempting to enslave and rule the other parts.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:6
text: Courage is defined as the spirited part retaining reason's commands about
what ought or ought not to be feared amid pleasure and pain.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:7
text: Wisdom is attributed to the ruling part that knows the interest of each of
the three parts and of the whole.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:8
text: Temperance is described as friendly harmony among reason, spirit, and desire,
with all agreeing that reason ought to rule.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:9
text: Justice is said to be the same in the individual as in the State.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:10
text: The just person or citizen is described as unlikely to steal a deposit, commit
sacrilege or theft, act treacherously, break oaths, commit adultery, dishonor
parents, or fail in religious duties.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:11
text: Justice is explained as each part doing its own business, whether ruling or
being ruled.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: obs:12
text: The earlier civic division of labor is described as a shadow of justice.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: obs:13
text: The just person sets the inner life in order, is master and law to himself,
and is at peace with himself.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- id: obs:14
text: The three principles within the person are compared to higher, lower, and
middle notes of a musical scale and their intervals, bound into one adjusted nature.
category: object
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- id: obs:15
text: Injustice is described as strife among the three principles, interference,
and rebellion of a subject part against a true prince.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: Rational principle
description: The wise ruling part of the soul that cares for the whole and gives
commands.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:5
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: Passionate or spirited principle
description: The part of the soul that is subject and ally to reason, fights under
its leadership, and retains commands about fear.
role_refs:
- role:2
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:4
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: Concupiscent principle
description: The largest part of the soul, described as insatiable of gain and associated
with bodily pleasures and desire.
role_refs:
- role:3
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:6
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: Just man or citizen
description: The individual trained in the principles of the just State and characterized
by ordered inner parts and lawful conduct.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:8
- ev:11
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: Just State
description: The State used as an analogue for justice in the individual, where
each citizen or craft performs its own business.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:10
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: Rebellious subject part
description: A part of the soul that rises against the whole and asserts unlawful
authority against the true prince.
role_refs:
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
roles:
- id: role:1
label: rightful ruler
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: Reason is said to be wise, to care for the whole soul, and to rule.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:2
label: subject ally
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: The spirited principle is said to be subject and ally to reason.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:3
label: guarded desire
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: Reason and spirit keep guard over the concupiscent part.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: role:4
label: counsellor
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: One part counsels while the other fights under its leader.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: role:5
label: fighter under command
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: The spirited element fights under its leader and executes commands and counsels.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: role:6
label: potential usurper
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: The concupiscent part may attempt to enslave and rule those not its natural
subjects.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: role:7
label: internally ordered person
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: The just person orders the inner life and binds the three principles into
one adjusted nature.
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- id: role:8
label: civic analogue
assigned_to:
- fig:5
basis: Justice in the individual is said not to differ from justice found in the
State.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:10
- id: role:9
label: rebellious subordinate
assigned_to:
- fig:6
basis: Injustice is figured as a subject part rebelling against a true prince.
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: three principles
literal_form: The rational, spirited, and concupiscent parts of the soul counted
as three principles.
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
- ev:11
- ev:12
- id: sym:2
label: musical harmony
literal_form: Higher, lower, and middle notes of a scale with intermediate intervals
bound together.
associated_figures:
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- id: sym:3
label: true prince and rebellious subject
literal_form: A political image of a true prince and a subject asserting unlawful
authority.
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:6
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
- id: sym:4
label: deposit of gold or silver
literal_form: A deposit of gold or silver used as an example of property that the
just person will not misappropriate.
associated_figures:
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: sym:5
label: divine power guiding discovery
literal_form: A divine power said to have conducted the inquiry to a primary form
of justice.
associated_figures: []
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Ordering of the soul
summary: Reason is assigned rule, spirit is made its ally, and both are educated
by music and gymnastic to guard desire.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:3
- id: scene:2
label: Definition of virtues
summary: Courage, wisdom, temperance, and justice are defined by the proper conduct
and relations of the soul's parts.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:4
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- ev:6
- ev:9
- id: scene:3
label: Just conduct in public and private duties
summary: The just person or citizen is tested through examples involving property,
oaths, family honor, sexual conduct, treachery, and religious duties.
figure_refs:
- fig:4
symbol_refs:
- sym:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: scene:4
label: Inner harmony of the just person
summary: Justice is described as inward order in which the person becomes master
of himself and binds the three principles into a harmonious unity before acting.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:4
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- id: scene:5
label: Injustice as rebellion
summary: Injustice is described as conflict among the soul's principles, where a
subject part rises against the whole and claims unlawful authority.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:3
- fig:6
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: rightful rule of wisdom within the soul
taxonomy_refs:
- wisdom
basis: The rational part is wise, rules the soul, knows the interest of all parts
and the whole, and presides over just action as wisdom.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:5
- ev:11
confidence: medium
cautions: This is a philosophical ethical pattern rather than a narrative myth motif.
- id: motif:2
label: harmonization of divided inner powers
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The passage repeatedly describes three inner principles being educated, assigned
functions, brought into agreement, and bound into one adjusted nature through
harmony imagery.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:6
- ev:9
- ev:11
confidence: high
cautions: No external mythic episode is narrated; the motif is abstract and analogical.
- id: motif:3
label: rebellion of a subordinate against lawful rule
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Injustice is characterized as a subject part rising against the whole and
asserting unlawful authority against a true prince.
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
confidence: medium
cautions: The prince-and-subject language is metaphorical within a philosophical
analysis of the soul.
- id: motif:4
label: civic order mirrored in the individual
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The passage states that justice in the individual is the same as in the State
and links division of labor to each part doing its own work.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:9
- ev:10
confidence: high
cautions: The comparison is internal to the passage and does not establish a broader
cross-cultural motif.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
claim: The passage explicitly compares the structure of justice in the individual
soul with justice in the State, treating the civic division of labor as a shadow
or analogue of inward justice.
claim_level: same_function
target: justice in the State and justice in the individual soul
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:9
- ev:10
- ev:11
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: high
limitations: This is an intra-textual analogy, not evidence of historical contact
or common inheritance.
- id: claim:2
claim: The passage compares inner psychic order to musical harmony, using the binding
of higher, lower, and middle notes as an analogue for the three principles becoming
one adjusted nature.
claim_level: visual_similarity
target: musical scale as analogue for ordered soul
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: medium
limitations: The comparison is metaphorical and conceptual rather than a narrative
or iconographic parallel.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: 14994-15155; opening exchange on rational and spirited principles
quote_or_summary: Reason is described as wise and caring for the whole soul, while
the spirited principle is to be its subject and ally.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: 14994-15155; passage on music and gymnastic
quote_or_summary: Music and gymnastic bring reason and spirit into accord, strengthening
reason with noble lessons and moderating passion through harmony and rhythm.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: 14994-15155; passage on guarding the concupiscent part
quote_or_summary: Reason and spirit, once educated, rule and guard the concupiscent
part, which is large, insatiable of gain, and may try to enslave and rule the
other parts through bodily pleasures.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: 14994-15155; passage defining courage
quote_or_summary: The soul is defended by one part counselling and another fighting
under its leader; courage is retaining reason's commands about fear through pleasure
and pain.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: 14994-15155; passage defining wisdom
quote_or_summary: Wisdom belongs to the small ruling part that knows what is in
the interest of each of the three parts and of the whole.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: 14994-15155; passage defining temperance
quote_or_summary: Temperance is friendly harmony among the elements of the soul,
where reason rules and the subject parts of spirit and desire agree not to rebel.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
type: summary
locator: 14994-15155; passage comparing individual and State
quote_or_summary: Justice in the individual is said not to differ from justice found
in the State.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
type: summary
locator: 14994-15155; commonplace instances of just conduct
quote_or_summary: The just person or citizen is said to avoid misappropriating gold
or silver, sacrilege, theft, treachery, oath-breaking, adultery, dishonoring parents,
and neglecting religious duties.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
type: summary
locator: 14994-15155; explanation of each part doing its own business
quote_or_summary: Justice is explained as each part doing its own business, whether
ruling or being ruled.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:10
type: summary
locator: 14994-15155; dream and division-of-labor passage
quote_or_summary: The inquiry is said to have been guided by a divine power to a
primary form of justice, and civic division of labor is called a shadow of justice.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:11
type: summary
locator: 14994-15155; inward justice and musical comparison
quote_or_summary: The just person orders the inner life, is master and law to himself,
is at peace, and binds the three principles like higher, lower, and middle notes
of a scale into one temperate and adjusted nature.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:12
type: summary
locator: 14994-15155; description of injustice
quote_or_summary: Injustice is described as strife among the three principles, interference,
and a rebellious subject asserting unlawful authority against a true prince.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
extraction: high
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: medium
notes: The passage is explicit about its internal analogies and ethical structure.
Motif labels are cautious because the material is philosophical argument rather
than mythic narrative.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
No external comparisons or taxonomy identifiers beyond the supplied list were added. Symbols are passage-level conceptual images rather than fixed mythic symbols.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:greek-plato-republic-jowett-gutenberg__l14994-l15155
passage_sha256=c0e8e7d844c937a96429de7533038c192106d6d1077096f53778b496f151fcd7