batch.motif.greek-plato-republic-jowett-gutenberg-l13198-l13348
---
record_id: batch.motif.greek-plato-republic-jowett-gutenberg-l13198-l13348
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
passage_locator:
label: PERSONS OF THE DIALOGUE. / BOOK I. / BOOK II. / BOOK III.; lines 13198-13348
start: '13198'
end: '13348'
translation: The Republic
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: The passage contrasts virtuous and vicious judgment, describes a civic
policy for medicine and law, and develops an educational account in which music
and gymnastic must be balanced to harmonize the spirited and philosophical elements
of the soul. Excessive devotion to music softens and weakens spirit, while excessive
devotion to gymnastic without music and philosophy produces brutality and ignorance.
The passage concludes that a god has given two arts corresponding to two principles
of human nature, to be tuned like the strings of an instrument.
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: The speaker says a good man is one who has a good soul.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: A cunning and suspicious criminal is said to take many precautions among similar
people but to appear foolish among virtuous older men because he lacks a pattern
of honesty in himself.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:3
text: The speaker states that vice cannot know virtue, but a virtuous nature educated
by time can know both virtue and vice.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:4
text: The proposed medicine and law minister to better natures, leave incurably
diseased bodies to die, and put an end to corrupt and incurable souls.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:5
text: Youth educated in simple music that inspires temperance are described as reluctant
to go to law.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:6
text: Music and gymnastic are said to be aimed chiefly at the improvement of the
soul rather than simply at soul and body separately.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:7
text: Exclusive devotion to gymnastic is said to produce hardness and ferocity,
while exclusive devotion to music is said to produce softness and effeminacy.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:8
text: The guardians are said to require both spirited and philosophical qualities
in harmony.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:9
text: The harmonious soul is described as temperate and courageous; the inharmonious
soul as cowardly and boorish.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:10
text: Excessive music is described as pouring through the ears into the soul, tempering
spirit at first but later melting and wasting it until the person becomes a feeble
warrior.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:11
text: Excessive gymnastic combined with lack of contact with the Muses, learning,
inquiry, thought, and culture is said to make intelligence feeble, dull, and blind.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:12
text: The person devoted only to violent exercise is compared to a wild beast, using
violence and fierceness rather than persuasion.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:13
text: The passage names two principles of human nature, the spirited and the philosophical,
and says a god has given two arts corresponding to them so that they may be harmonized
like strings of an instrument.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: Speaker using first person
description: The reasoning voice who answers questions and proposes the account
of judgment, law, medicine, music, gymnastic, and the soul.
role_refs:
- role:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:5
- ev:9
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: Interlocutor addressed as he
description: The respondent who repeatedly assents to the speaker's claims.
role_refs:
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:5
- ev:6
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: Cunning and suspicious criminal type
description: A person who has committed many crimes, judges others by himself, and
cannot recognize an honest man.
role_refs:
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: Good and wise judge
description: A virtuous person educated by time who knows both virtue and vice.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: Guardians
description: The intended class to possess both spirited and philosophical qualities
in harmony.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: Excessive devotee of music
description: A person whose life is passed in soft and melancholy airs and who becomes
weakened in spirit if the softening process continues too far.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: Excessive devotee of gymnastic
description: A person who takes violent exercise, feeds heavily, neglects music
and philosophy, and becomes uncivilized and violent.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: Some God
description: A divine giver said to have given mankind two arts answering to the
spirited and philosophical principles.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
roles:
- id: role:1
label: philosophical instructor
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: The speaker explains distinctions about virtue, vice, education, and the
soul.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:5
- ev:9
- id: role:2
label: assenting respondent
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: The interlocutor confirms the speaker's statements with short replies.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:5
- ev:6
- id: role:3
label: vicious false-wise type
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: The criminal appears wise among bad people but foolish among virtuous men
because he lacks honesty in himself.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:4
label: virtuous knower of virtue and vice
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: The virtuous nature educated by time is said to acquire knowledge of both
virtue and vice.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: role:5
label: ideal civic trainees
assigned_to:
- fig:5
basis: The guardians are said to need both qualities in harmony.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: role:6
label: over-softened soul type
assigned_to:
- fig:6
basis: Excessive music melts and wastes spirit, producing a feeble warrior or an
irritable person.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: role:7
label: brutalized soul type
assigned_to:
- fig:7
basis: Excessive gymnastic without the Muses or philosophy leads to dullness, violence,
and wild-beast-like conduct.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: role:8
label: divine giver of balancing arts
assigned_to:
- fig:8
basis: A god is said to have given mankind two arts corresponding to two principles
of human nature.
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: good soul
literal_form: A soul described as good, making a man good.
associated_figures: []
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: sym:2
label: pattern of honesty
literal_form: An internal pattern that the suspicious criminal lacks, preventing
recognition of an honest man.
associated_figures:
- fig:3
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: sym:3
label: music as liquid through the ears
literal_form: Sweet, soft, and melancholy airs pour into the soul through the funnel
of the ears.
associated_figures:
- fig:6
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: sym:4
label: spirit tempered like iron
literal_form: The passionate or spirited element is tempered like iron and made
useful rather than brittle.
associated_figures:
- fig:6
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: sym:5
label: sinews of the soul
literal_form: Excessive softening is said to cut out the sinews of the soul.
associated_figures:
- fig:6
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: sym:6
label: wild beast
literal_form: The uncultivated athlete is likened to a wild beast, all violence
and fierceness.
associated_figures:
- fig:7
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: sym:7
label: weapon of persuasion
literal_form: Persuasion is described as a weapon not used by the uncivilized person.
associated_figures:
- fig:7
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: sym:8
label: strings of an instrument
literal_form: The spirited and philosophical principles are compared to strings
that may be relaxed or drawn tighter until harmonized.
associated_figures:
- fig:8
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Distinction between vicious cleverness and virtuous wisdom
summary: The speaker contrasts the suspicious criminal, who lacks an internal pattern
of honesty, with the virtuous nature educated by time, which can know both virtue
and vice.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:4
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: scene:2
label: Civic medicine and law for better natures
summary: The speaker describes medicine and law as ministering to better natures,
while leaving incurable bodily disease and corrupt incurable souls to come to
an end.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: scene:3
label: Purpose of music and gymnastic
summary: The dialogue states that simple music and gymnastic are not merely for
separate soul and body training but chiefly for improving the soul.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: scene:4
label: Harmony required for guardians
summary: The guardians are said to require both spirited and philosophical qualities,
and the harmonious soul is identified as temperate and courageous.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:5
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: scene:5
label: Excess of music weakens spirit
summary: The passage describes soft music entering through the ears, first tempering
the spirited element but then melting and wasting it if pursued excessively.
figure_refs:
- fig:6
symbol_refs:
- sym:3
- sym:4
- sym:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: scene:6
label: Excess of gymnastic brutalizes the soul
summary: The passage describes the violent exerciser who neglects music and philosophy
as becoming dull, uncivilized, and like a wild beast.
figure_refs:
- fig:7
symbol_refs:
- sym:6
- sym:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: scene:7
label: Divine provision of two harmonizing arts
summary: A god is said to have given two arts corresponding to the spirited and
philosophical principles, so that these principles may be tuned into harmony like
strings of an instrument.
figure_refs:
- fig:8
symbol_refs:
- sym:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: wisdom through virtuous formation
taxonomy_refs:
- wisdom
basis: The passage states that the virtuous, not the vicious, person has wisdom
because a virtuous nature educated by time can know both virtue and vice.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
confidence: high
cautions: This is a philosophical account of wisdom rather than a narrative quest
or mythic wisdom episode.
- id: motif:2
label: dual principles requiring harmony
taxonomy_refs:
- duality
basis: The passage explicitly names two principles of human nature, the spirited
and the philosophical, and presents two corresponding arts that tune them into
harmony.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:9
confidence: high
cautions: The duality is ethical-psychological and educational, not a cosmological
pair or divine twin structure.
- id: motif:3
label: divine gift of arts for human ordering
taxonomy_refs:
- culture_hero
basis: The passage says that some God has given mankind two arts, music and gymnastic,
to regulate the principles of human nature.
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
confidence: medium
cautions: No named culture hero appears; the divine giver is mentioned only briefly
and hypothetically.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: lines 13198-13217
quote_or_summary: A good man is defined by a good soul; the cunning criminal is
suspicious, judges others by himself, lacks a pattern of honesty, and appears
wiser among bad people than he is among virtuous ones.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: lines 13218-13225
quote_or_summary: The speaker says the sought judge is not the vicious man, since
vice cannot know virtue; the virtuous nature educated by time can know virtue
and vice, and the virtuous person has wisdom.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: lines 13226-13234
quote_or_summary: Medicine and law in the proposed state will aid better natures,
leave incurably diseased bodies to die, and put an end to corrupt and incurable
souls.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: lines 13235-13249
quote_or_summary: Youth educated in simple music that inspires temperance will avoid
litigation; the musician practicing simple gymnastic will avoid medicine except
in extreme cases.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: lines 13250-13280
quote_or_summary: Music and gymnastic are said to be chiefly for improving the soul;
exclusive gymnastic produces hardness and ferocity, and exclusive music produces
softness and effeminacy.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: lines 13281-13300
quote_or_summary: The philosophical quality gives gentleness if rightly educated;
guardians should have both qualities in harmony, making the soul temperate and
courageous.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
type: summary
locator: lines 13301-13324
quote_or_summary: Excessive music pours soft airs into the soul through the ears,
tempers spirit like iron at first, then melts and wastes spirit, producing a feeble
or irritable person.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
type: summary
locator: lines 13325-13342
quote_or_summary: Excessive gymnastic and heavy feeding without music, philosophy,
learning, or culture make the mind dull and blind; the person becomes uncivilized,
violent, and like a wild beast.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
type: quote
locator: lines 13343-13348
quote_or_summary: "“there are two principles of human nature, one the spirited and
the other the philosophical,” and a god has given two arts so that the principles
may be harmonized like instrument strings."
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/republic-jowett.md
rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation used for evidence.
confidence:
extraction: high
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: high
notes: The passage is philosophical and metaphorical rather than mythic narrative;
motif candidates are limited to taxonomy items directly supported by the passage.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
No external comparisons were added because the passage itself does not establish a comparison with another text, tradition, or motif family beyond the supplied taxonomy candidate mapping.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:greek-plato-republic-jowett-gutenberg__l13198-l13348
passage_sha256=7e37d79c93f4812947c36f0d9374de401a5ba4e69ae4feeed619d7644ba852c3