Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.hindu-ramayana-griffith-gutenberg-l63301-l63465

batch.motif.hindu-ramayana-griffith-gutenberg-l63301-l63465

---
record_id: batch.motif.hindu-ramayana-griffith-gutenberg-l63301-l63465
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/hindu/project-gutenberg/ramayana-griffith.md
passage_locator:
  label: H. H. WILSON. / THE SUPPLIANT DOVE. / INDEX OF PRINCIPAL NAMES / FOOTNOTES;
    lines 63301-63465
  start: '63301'
  end: '63465'
  translation: The Ramayan of Valmiki
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: 'This passage consists of translator/editorial footnotes identifying places,
    names, customs, and mythological references in the Ramayan: Mahendra mountain,
    Śiva, Viṣṇu’s four-armed images, imperial insignia, Rāhu and eclipses, Yayāti’s
    fall from heaven after merit expires, Indra and his attendants, Bali food-offering,
    Garuḍ, Sāvitrī, sacrificial fire, and royal forest retirement.'
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: Mahendra is discussed as a mountain associated by the note with Kalinga territory
    and a coastal promontory near the ocean.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: Śiva is identified, including the epithet God of the Azure Neck.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: The four princes are described as portions of Viṣṇu’s substance, in relation
    to images of Viṣṇu with four arms.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:4
  text: Rāhu is described as an immortal demon whose severed head and tail became
    authors of eclipses by attempting to swallow the sun and moon.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:5
  text: Yayāti is described as going to heaven and being thrown down to earth when
    his term of heavenly residence expired.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:6
  text: The note states that only the highest merit obtains a permanent home in heaven,
    while lesser merit obtains temporary heavenly residence.
  category: other
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:7
  text: Indra is identified by the epithet Purandara, Town-destroyer, and associated
    with a charioteer and an elephant.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:8
  text: Ocean is said by commentators to have grieved his mother in a former creation
    and to have suffered the pains of hell as a consequence.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:9
  text: Bali is described as the presentation of food to all created beings and as
    one of the five great sacraments of the Hindu religion.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:10
  text: Bali is performed by throwing a small parcel of offering such as ghee or rice
    into the open air at the back of the house.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:11
  text: Garuḍ is identified as King of the birds and offspring of Vinatā.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:12
  text: The story of Sāvitrī is stated to be told in the Mahābhārata.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: obs:13
  text: Fire for sacrificial purposes is described as produced by rubbing two pieces
    of wood together.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: obs:14
  text: A chapel is described as the place where the sacred fire used in worship is
    kept.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: obs:15
  text: Kings of the solar dynasty are said to resign the kingdom to the heir in extreme
    old age and spend their remaining days in holy meditation in the forest.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: Mahendra
  description: A mountain discussed in relation to Kalinga territory and the ocean
    coast.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Śiva
  description: Named as Śiva and as God of the Azure Neck.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Viṣṇu
  description: A god whose images have four arms and of whose substance the four princes
    are described as portions.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Four princes
  description: Princes described as portions of Viṣṇu’s substance.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Rāhu
  description: A demon with the tail of a dragon; after being severed by Viṣṇu, his
    head and tail continued separately and caused eclipses.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Yayāti
  description: A king of the Lunar race who went to heaven and was later thrown down
    to earth when his term expired.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Indra
  description: Identified as Purandara, Town-destroyer; associated with a charioteer
    and an elephant.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Ocean
  description: Personified Ocean, said by commentators to have grieved his mother
    in a former creation and suffered hell-pains.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Garuḍ
  description: King of the birds, offspring of Vinatā.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: Sāvitrī
  description: A figure whose story is stated to be told in the Mahābhārata.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: fig:11
  name_or_label: Kings of the solar dynasty
  description: Kings who customarily resign the kingdom to the heir in extreme old
    age and retire to forest meditation.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: named mountain
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The note identifies Mahendra as a mountain in a coastal region.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:2
  label: deity
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:7
  basis: The notes identify Śiva, Viṣṇu, and Indra as divine figures or gods.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:6
- id: role:3
  label: divine portion relationship
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  basis: The four princes are described as portions of Viṣṇu’s substance.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:4
  label: eclipse-causing demon
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: Rāhu is described as a demon whose severed immortal parts cause eclipses
    by trying to swallow the sun and moon.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:5
  label: king expelled from heaven
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: Yayāti is described as going to heaven and being ejected when his term expired.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:6
  label: lord with attendants and mount
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: Indra is associated with a charioteer and an elephant in the notes.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: role:7
  label: personified sea subject to consequence
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: Ocean is treated as an agent who grieved his mother and suffered hell-pains.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: role:8
  label: king of birds
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: Garuḍ is explicitly called the King of the birds.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: role:9
  label: Mahābhārata story figure
  assigned_to:
  - fig:10
  basis: The note says the story of Sāvitrī is told in the Mahābhārata.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: role:10
  label: renouncing royal elders
  assigned_to:
  - fig:11
  basis: Solar dynasty kings are said to resign rule in old age and retire to forest
    meditation.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: mountain
  literal_form: Mahendra mountain
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs:
  - mountain
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:2
  label: four arms
  literal_form: four-armed images of Viṣṇu
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:3
  label: dragon tail / serpent form
  literal_form: Rāhu as a demon with the tail of a dragon
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs:
  - serpent
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:4
  label: swallowed sun and moon
  literal_form: Rāhu attempting to swallow the sun and moon during eclipses
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:5
  label: temporary heavenly mansion
  literal_form: heavenly residence obtained by merit for a limited term
  associated_figures:
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:6
  label: food offering
  literal_form: ghee, rice, or similar parcel thrown into the open air
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: sym:7
  label: sacrificial fire
  literal_form: fire produced by attrition of two pieces of wood and kept for worship
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: sym:8
  label: forest retirement
  literal_form: forest as place of holy meditation after royal abdication
  associated_figures:
  - fig:11
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
- id: sym:9
  label: water / sea
  literal_form: Ocean or the Sea
  associated_figures:
  - fig:8
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Rāhu and eclipses
  summary: Rāhu’s head and tail survive separation and are transferred to the stellar
    sphere, where they cause eclipses by trying to swallow the sun and moon.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:3
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: scene:2
  label: Yayāti’s expired heaven-term
  summary: Yayāti reaches heaven, but after the merit-based term expires he is cast
    down to earth.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: scene:3
  label: Bali food-offering
  summary: A parcel of food such as ghee or rice is thrown into the open air at the
    back of the house as an offering to all created beings.
  figure_refs: []
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: scene:4
  label: Sacrificial fire preparation and keeping
  summary: Sacrificial fire is made by rubbing two pieces of wood together and sacred
    fire for worship is kept in a chapel.
  figure_refs: []
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: scene:5
  label: Royal retirement to forest meditation
  summary: In extreme old age, kings of the solar dynasty resign the kingdom to the
    heir and spend their remaining days in holy meditation in the forest.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:11
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: Divine substance embodied in royal princes
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_parent_child
  - royal_legitimacy
  basis: The footnote states that the four princes are portions of Viṣṇu’s substance,
    linking royal figures with divine embodiment.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The note is brief and explanatory; it does not narrate the princes’ birth
    or rule in this passage.
- id: motif:2
  label: Demon causes eclipses by swallowing luminaries
  taxonomy_refs:
  - serpent
  basis: Rāhu is described as a demon with a dragon tail whose immortal severed parts
    cause eclipses by attempting to swallow the sun and moon.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  confidence: high
  cautions: The available taxonomy has no specific eclipse motif; serpent is used
    only for the dragon-tail imagery.
- id: motif:3
  label: Merit-limited heaven and fall to earth
  taxonomy_refs:
  - afterlife_journey_map
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The note explains that only highest merit wins permanent heaven, while lesser
    merit produces temporary residence; Yayāti is thrown down to earth when his term
    expires.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage gives doctrinal explanation and summary, not a full narrative
    of judgment.
- id: motif:4
  label: Ritual food offering to all beings
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacred_exchange
  - sacrifice
  basis: Bali is described as a sacramental presentation of food to all created beings,
    performed by casting ghee, rice, or similar offerings into open air.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage frames the practice as a note on custom rather than a narrative
    episode.
- id: motif:5
  label: Sacred fire generated and preserved for worship
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacrifice
  basis: Fire for sacrifice is produced by attrition of wood, and a chapel is described
    as keeping the sacred fire used in worship.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
  confidence: high
  cautions: The note supplies ritual facts, not a mythic origin of fire.
- id: motif:6
  label: Aged king abdicates and retires to forest meditation
  taxonomy_refs:
  - departure
  - royal_legitimacy
  basis: Solar dynasty kings are said to hand the kingdom to the heir in extreme old
    age and spend the rest of life in holy meditation in the forest.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
  confidence: medium
  cautions: This is stated as dynastic custom rather than a single narrated event.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: The passage explicitly locates the story of Sāvitrī in the Mahābhārata tradition.
  claim_level: same_motif
  target: Mahābhārata story of Sāvitrī
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The note names the Mahābhārata connection but does not summarize the
    story’s content, so the motif identity cannot be further specified from this passage
    alone.
- id: claim:2
  claim: A footnote states that another referenced story is told in the Mahābhārata,
    indicating cross-reference between the Ramayan note and the Mahābhārata corpus.
  claim_level: same_motif
  target: Unspecified story said to be told in the Mahābhārata
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: low
  limitations: The provided excerpt does not identify the story named by the footnote’s
    antecedent; no detailed motif comparison can be extracted.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 63301-63310, note 255
  quote_or_summary: Schlegel’s note discusses Mahendra as a mountain placed in Kalinga
    territory, near the ocean, and compares it with a coastal promontory.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/hindu/project-gutenberg/ramayana-griffith.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 63312-63314, notes 256-257
  quote_or_summary: Śiva is named, and one note identifies Siva as God of the Azure
    Neck.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/hindu/project-gutenberg/ramayana-griffith.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 63316-63320, notes 258-259
  quote_or_summary: Śatrughna’s name is explained, and the four princes are linked
    to four-armed images of Viṣṇu as portions of that god’s substance.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/hindu/project-gutenberg/ramayana-griffith.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 63331-63339, notes 265-267
  quote_or_summary: Rāhu is described as a demon with a dragon tail whose severed
    immortal head and tail cause eclipses by trying to swallow the sun and moon.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/hindu/project-gutenberg/ramayana-griffith.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 63365-63373, notes 275-277
  quote_or_summary: A note says only highest merit grants permanent heaven; lower
    merit grants temporary heavenly residence. Yayāti went to heaven and was thrown
    down to earth when his term expired.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/hindu/project-gutenberg/ramayana-griffith.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 63375-63380, notes 278-280
  quote_or_summary: Indra is also called Purandara, Town-destroyer; notes identify
    Indra’s charioteer and elephant.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/hindu/project-gutenberg/ramayana-griffith.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 63394-63398, notes 285-288
  quote_or_summary: The Sea and the Moon are identified; commentators say Ocean grieved
    his mother in a former creation and suffered hell-pains in consequence.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/hindu/project-gutenberg/ramayana-griffith.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: lines 63422-63427, note 299
  quote_or_summary: Bali is defined as presentation of food to all created beings,
    one of five great sacraments, performed by throwing a small offering such as ghee
    or rice into the open air behind the house.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/hindu/project-gutenberg/ramayana-griffith.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: lines 63429-63432, notes 300-301
  quote_or_summary: A demon slain by Indra is mentioned; Garuḍ is identified as King
    of the birds and offspring of Vinatā.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/hindu/project-gutenberg/ramayana-griffith.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:10
  type: summary
  locator: lines 63436-63439, note 304
  quote_or_summary: The story of Sāvitrī is said to be told in the Mahābhārata, with
    references to later translations or epitomes.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/hindu/project-gutenberg/ramayana-griffith.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:11
  type: summary
  locator: lines 63441-63445, notes 305-307
  quote_or_summary: Fire for sacrificial purposes is produced by rubbing two pieces
    of wood together; a chapel is where sacred fire used in worship is kept.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/hindu/project-gutenberg/ramayana-griffith.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:12
  type: summary
  locator: lines 63459-63465, note 310
  quote_or_summary: Kings of the solar dynasty customarily resign the kingdom to the
    heir in extreme old age and spend the rest of their days in holy meditation in
    the forest.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/hindu/project-gutenberg/ramayana-griffith.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:13
  type: summary
  locator: lines 63365-63366, note 275
  quote_or_summary: A note states that an unspecified story is told in the Mahābhārata
    and has a free version elsewhere.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/hindu/project-gutenberg/ramayana-griffith.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: medium
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: low
  notes: The passage is a set of editorial footnotes rather than a continuous narrative.
    Motifs are extracted only where the notes summarize mythic or ritual content.
    Some figures and references are omitted where the note only names them without
    motif-relevant detail.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  No external sources were used. Taxonomy references are limited to the available taxonomy list supplied in the request.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:hindu-ramayana-griffith-gutenberg__l63301-l63465
  passage_sha256=023362ce6f9a31f8366d6fa9fcced760f8eb8f0c4d43807d5c86196023b1f2bf