batch.motif.hindu-ramayana-griffith-gutenberg-l51890-l51946
---
record_id: batch.motif.hindu-ramayana-griffith-gutenberg-l51890-l51946
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/hindu/project-gutenberg/ramayana-griffith.md
passage_locator:
label: Canto XXXVII. Preparations. / Canto XXXVIII. The Ascent Of Suvela. / Canto
XLII. The Sally. / Canto XLIII. The Single Combats.; lines 51890-51946
start: '51890'
end: '51946'
translation: The Ramayan of Valmiki
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: Opposing chiefs meet in named single combats. Several vanar and allied
heroes defeat named foes through close combat, trees, arrows, and destruction
of chariots. Rama is attacked by several giant foes and kills them with four arrows.
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: Chiefs from opposing sides try their strength in single combat.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: The passage lists paired opponents, including Indrajit with Angad, Sampati
with Prajangha, Hanuman with Jambumali, Vibhishan with Shatrughna, Gaja with Tapan,
Nila with Nikumbha, Sugriva with Praghas, and Lakshman with Virupaksha.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:3
text: 'Four named foes come to meet Rama: Agniketu, Mitraghana, Rashmiketu, and
Yajnakopa.'
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:4
text: The fighting involves many additional combatants, and the trampled earth is
described as red with gore.
category: setting
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:5
text: Indrajit strikes Angad, but Angad tears away Indrajit's mace and brings down
his horses, driver, and golden car.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:6
text: Sampati bleeds from Prajangha's shafts but crushes Prajangha with a tree.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:7
text: Jambumali strikes Hanuman on the chest and throat from a car, and Hanuman
crushes the chariot, steeds, and rider.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:8
text: Sugriva whirls a huge tree and strikes Praghas to the ground.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:9
text: Lakshman kills Virupaksha with one arrow from his bow.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:10
text: Rama's giant foes shoot arrows at his head and breast; after their missiles
are spent, Rama sends four arrows that sever giant heads from trunks.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: Indrajit
description: A fierce combatant who begins the fight with Angad and bears a mace
and golden car.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: Angad
description: Opponent of Indrajit; called queller of his foes; takes Indrajit's
mace and destroys his car, horses, and driver.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: Sampati
description: Described as strongest of his race and as a Vanar chief; fights Prajangha
and crushes him with a tree despite wounds.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:2
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:3
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: Prajangha
description: Opponent of Sampati; wounds Sampati with shafts and is crushed by a
tree.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:3
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: Hanuman
description: A Vanar who meets Jambumali, is struck on chest and throat, and crushes
the chariot, steeds, and rider.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:2
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:3
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: Jambumali
description: Car-borne opponent of Hanuman who strikes him on the chest and throat
and is crushed with his chariot and steeds.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:3
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: Vibhishan
description: Brother of the lord of Lanka; raises a threatening sword and singles
out Shatrughna as foe.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: Shatrughna
description: Named as the foe singled out by Vibhishan.
role_refs:
- role:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:9
name_or_label: Gaja
description: A mighty combatant who seeks Tapan.
role_refs:
- role:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:10
name_or_label: Tapan
description: Opponent sought by Gaja.
role_refs:
- role:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:11
name_or_label: Nila
description: Combatant who fights Nikumbha.
role_refs:
- role:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:12
name_or_label: Nikumbha
description: Opponent of Nila.
role_refs:
- role:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:13
name_or_label: Sugriva
description: Vanar king who defies Praghas and strikes him down with a huge tree.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:2
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:3
- id: fig:14
name_or_label: Praghas
description: Fierce, battle-tried opponent of Sugriva who is struck to the ground
by a tree.
role_refs:
- role:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:3
- id: fig:15
name_or_label: Lakshman
description: Fearless combatant who encounters Virupaksha and kills him with one
arrow.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:4
- id: fig:16
name_or_label: Virupaksha
description: Mighty opponent of Lakshman who is laid low by one arrow.
role_refs:
- role:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:4
- id: fig:17
name_or_label: Rama
description: Royal Rama is attacked by several giant foes and kills them with four
arrows.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:4
- id: fig:18
name_or_label: Agniketu
description: Wild foe described as fierce as flame who comes to meet Rama.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:19
name_or_label: Mitraghana
description: Foe of Rama described as one who loved to strike both foe and friend.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:20
name_or_label: Rashmiketu
description: Foe of Rama known and feared wherever his ponderous flag was raised.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:21
name_or_label: Yajnakopa
description: Foe of Rama whose delight is described as the ruin of the sacred rite.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:22
name_or_label: Thousands more
description: Additional unnamed combatants who fight in the battle.
role_refs:
- role:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
roles:
- id: role:1
label: single-combat participant
assigned_to:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:4
- fig:5
- fig:6
- fig:7
- fig:8
- fig:9
- fig:10
- fig:11
- fig:12
- fig:13
- fig:14
- fig:15
- fig:16
- fig:17
- fig:18
- fig:19
- fig:20
- fig:21
- fig:22
basis: The passage frames the section as single combats and lists opposing chiefs
and foes.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: role:2
label: Vanar combatant
assigned_to:
- fig:3
- fig:5
- fig:13
basis: Sampati is called a Vanar chief, Hanuman is called the Vanar, and Sugriva
is called the Vanar king.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: role:3
label: giant or giant foe
assigned_to:
- fig:4
- fig:18
- fig:19
- fig:20
- fig:21
basis: Prajangha is called a giant, and Rama's clustered foes are called giant foes.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: role:4
label: chariot-borne or chariot-associated fighter
assigned_to:
- fig:1
- fig:6
basis: Indrajit has a car of gold with horses and driver; Jambumali is described
as car-borne.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- id: role:5
label: victorious combatant in described duel
assigned_to:
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:5
- fig:13
- fig:15
- fig:17
basis: These figures are shown defeating or killing their immediate opponents in
the described action.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: role:6
label: brother of the lord of Lanka
assigned_to:
- fig:7
basis: Vibhishan is explicitly identified as brother of the lord of Lanka.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: tree as weapon
literal_form: Tree or huge tree used to crush or strike an enemy.
associated_figures:
- fig:3
- fig:4
- fig:13
- fig:14
taxonomy_refs:
- tree
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: sym:2
label: mace
literal_form: Murderous mace borne by Indrajit and torn away by Angad.
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:2
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: sym:3
label: chariot or car
literal_form: Golden car with coursers and driver; chariot with steeds and rider.
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:5
- fig:6
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- id: sym:4
label: bow and arrows
literal_form: Shafts, arrows, and bow used by Lakshman, Rama, and Rama's giant foes.
associated_figures:
- fig:15
- fig:16
- fig:17
- fig:18
- fig:19
- fig:20
- fig:21
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: sym:5
label: blood-red battlefield
literal_form: Trampled earth red with gore.
associated_figures:
- fig:22
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: sym:6
label: fire and mountain simile
literal_form: Indrajit's blows are compared to Indra's bolt when fire from heaven
rends a mountain.
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:2
taxonomy_refs:
- fire
- mountain
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Opposing champions are paired
summary: The passage opens by presenting chiefs from opposing sides and listing
named pairings for single combat.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:4
- fig:5
- fig:6
- fig:7
- fig:8
- fig:9
- fig:10
- fig:11
- fig:12
- fig:13
- fig:14
- fig:15
- fig:16
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: scene:2
label: Rama's opponents approach
summary: Agniketu, Mitraghana, Rashmiketu, and Yajnakopa come to meet Rama, while
many other combatants fight and the ground becomes red with gore.
figure_refs:
- fig:17
- fig:18
- fig:19
- fig:20
- fig:21
- fig:22
symbol_refs:
- sym:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: scene:3
label: Angad defeats Indrajit's chariot force
summary: Indrajit strikes Angad with furious blows, but Angad tears away his mace
and brings down his horses, driver, and golden car.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
symbol_refs:
- sym:2
- sym:3
- sym:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: scene:4
label: Vanar reversals against wounded or mounted foes
summary: Sampati, though wounded, crushes Prajangha with a tree; Hanuman crushes
Jambumali's chariot, steeds, and rider; Sugriva strikes Praghas down with a huge
tree.
figure_refs:
- fig:3
- fig:4
- fig:5
- fig:6
- fig:13
- fig:14
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: scene:5
label: Arrow victories of Lakshman and Rama
summary: Lakshman kills Virupaksha with a single arrow, and Rama answers a shower
of shafts with four arrows that sever giant heads.
figure_refs:
- fig:15
- fig:16
- fig:17
- fig:18
- fig:19
- fig:20
- fig:21
symbol_refs:
- sym:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: paired champion single combats
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The passage is titled as single combats and systematically lists named opponents
from the two sides.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
confidence: high
cautions: This is a battle-structure motif rather than one of the supplied motif-family
taxonomy refs.
- id: motif:2
label: heroic reversal after being struck or wounded
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Angad, Sampati, and Hanuman are first struck or wounded and then immediately
defeat their opponents or destroy their vehicles.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage gives repeated reversals, but does not explicitly frame them
as a named motif.
- id: motif:3
label: tree wielded as battle weapon
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Sampati crushes Prajangha with a tree, and Sugriva whirls a huge tree to
strike Praghas down.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
confidence: high
cautions: The available taxonomy includes tree as a symbol, but not a specific motif-family
ref for tree weapons.
- id: motif:4
label: archer hero kills multiple giant foes with few arrows
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Rama answers the spent missile attack of his giant foes by sending four arrows
that sever giant heads from trunks.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
confidence: medium
cautions: The exact number of foes killed is inferred from the four arrows and named
opponents nearby; the passage states the arrows cleave giant heads.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: lines 51890-51909
quote_or_summary: 'The canto is introduced as single combats; opposing chiefs are
paired: Indrajit/Angad, Sampati/Prajangha, Hanuman/Jambumali, Vibhishan/Shatrughna,
Gaja/Tapan, Nila/Nikumbha, Sugriva/Praghas, and Lakshman/Virupaksha.'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/hindu/project-gutenberg/ramayana-griffith.md
rights_note: Public domain translation; summarized.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: lines 51910-51925
quote_or_summary: Agniketu, Mitraghana, Rashmiketu, and Yajnakopa come against Rama;
many others fight, the earth is red with gore, and Angad counters Indrajit's blows
by taking his mace and destroying his horses, driver, and golden car.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/hindu/project-gutenberg/ramayana-griffith.md
rights_note: Public domain translation; summarized.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: lines 51926-51935
quote_or_summary: Sampati bleeds from Prajangha's shafts but crushes him with a
tree; Jambumali strikes Hanuman from a car, and Hanuman crushes the vehicle, steeds,
and rider; Sugriva fells Praghas with a huge tree.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/hindu/project-gutenberg/ramayana-griffith.md
rights_note: Public domain translation; summarized.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: lines 51936-51946
quote_or_summary: Lakshman lays Virupaksha low with one arrow; Rama's giant foes
shoot at his head and breast, and after their missiles are spent he sends four
arrows that sever giant heads from trunks.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/hindu/project-gutenberg/ramayana-griffith.md
rights_note: Public domain translation; summarized.
confidence:
extraction: high
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: uncertain
notes: Named figures and battle actions are explicit in the supplied passage. Motif
labels are descriptive and require human review for taxonomy alignment. No comparison
claims were added because the passage itself does not support a specific cross-text
or cross-tradition comparison.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
Used only the supplied passage text and metadata. Taxonomy refs were assigned only for literal symbols available in the provided list.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:hindu-ramayana-griffith-gutenberg__l51890-l51946
passage_sha256=87b3b413c8d7e578e8ca645d8394b9654e2d2886689eec681d2d9866cb54c9c4