Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.greek-odyssey-butler-gutenberg-l4492-l4586

batch.motif.greek-odyssey-butler-gutenberg-l4492-l4586

---
record_id: batch.motif.greek-odyssey-butler-gutenberg-l4492-l4586
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/odyssey-butler.md
passage_locator:
  label: BOOK VIII / BOOK IX / BOOK X / AEOLUS, THE LAESTRYGONES, CIRCE.; lines 4492-4586
  start: '4492'
  end: '4586'
  translation: The Odyssey
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: Circe receives Odysseus's companions into her house, drugs their food and
    drink, and transforms them into pigs while their minds remain human. Eurylochus
    escapes and reports the event to Odysseus. Odysseus arms himself and goes to rescue
    them. Mercury meets him, gives him the herb Moly as protection, and instructs
    him how to resist Circe and compel her oath. Odysseus drinks Circe's drugged mixture
    unharmed, threatens her with his sword, and Circe recognizes him as Ulysses and
    proposes reconciliation through bed and trust.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: Circe invites the men into her house after they call to her.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: obs:2
  text: Circe prepares a mixture with cheese, honey, meal, and Pramnian wine and drugs
    it with poisons intended to make the men forget their homes.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:3
  text: After the men drink, Circe strikes them with her wand and turns them into
    pigs, while their senses and memories remain unchanged.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:4
  text: The transformed men are shut in pigstyes and fed acorns and beech mast.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:5
  text: Eurylochus stays outside because he suspects treachery and later reports the
    companions' disappearance and fate to Odysseus.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:6
  text: Odysseus takes a bronze sword and bow and goes inland toward Circe's house
    despite Eurylochus's fear.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:7
  text: Mercury meets Odysseus near Circe's house, disguised as a young man and carrying
    a golden wand.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:8
  text: Mercury gives Odysseus a protective herb and explains that it will prevent
    Circe's spells from working.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: obs:9
  text: Mercury instructs Odysseus to draw his sword when Circe strikes him with her
    wand and to require her solemn oath against further mischief.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:10
  text: The herb Moly has a black root and a flower white as milk; gods can uproot
    it though mortal men cannot.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:11
  text: Circe gives Odysseus a drugged drink in a golden goblet, but it does not charm
    him.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:12
  text: Odysseus rushes at Circe with his drawn sword; she screams, clasps his knees,
    questions him, and identifies him as Ulysses.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:13
  text: Circe says Mercury had foretold that bold Ulysses would come to her island
    on his way home from Troy.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: Circe
  description: A woman or goddess, later called the enchantress Circe, who works at
    her loom, sings, receives visitors, drugs them, and uses a wand to transform or
    attempt to transform them.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Eurylochus
  description: A companion who remains outside Circe's house because he suspects mischief
    and then reports the event to Odysseus.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Ulysses
  description: The speaker and hero who arms himself, goes to Circe's house, receives
    Mercury's aid, resists Circe's drug, and threatens her with a sword.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Mercury
  description: A divine figure with a golden wand, disguised as a young man, who gives
    Odysseus the herb Moly and instructions for dealing with Circe.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Odysseus's companions
  description: Men who enter Circe's house, drink the drugged mixture, are transformed
    into pigs, and are shut in pigstyes while retaining their senses and memories.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: enchantress and hostile host
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: Circe welcomes the men into her house but drugs them and transforms them
    with a wand.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:7
- id: role:2
  label: recognizer of Ulysses
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: After her drug fails, Circe identifies the visitor as bold Ulysses foretold
    by Mercury.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: role:3
  label: suspicious survivor and messenger
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: Eurylochus stays outside from suspicion and returns to report what happened.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: role:4
  label: armed rescuer
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: Odysseus takes sword and bow and goes to Circe's house to seek his companions.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:5
  label: spell-resistant hero
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: Odysseus drinks Circe's drugged mixture without being charmed after receiving
    the protective herb.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:7
- id: role:6
  label: divine helper and instructor
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: Mercury gives Odysseus a protective herb and tells him how to counter Circe's
    witchcraft.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: role:7
  label: transformed captives
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: The companions are turned into pigs and confined in pigstyes while retaining
    their minds.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: wand of transformation
  literal_form: Circe's wand used to strike victims after they drink the drugged mixture
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:5
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
- id: sym:2
  label: drugged meal and drink
  literal_form: Mixture of cheese, honey, meal, and Pramnian wine, drugged with poisons
    or witchcraft
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:5
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
- id: sym:3
  label: pig form
  literal_form: Human companions changed into pigs with pig heads, hair, grunting,
    and confinement in pigstyes
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:4
  label: Moly herb
  literal_form: Protective herb with black root and white flower
  associated_figures:
  - fig:4
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs:
  - milk
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:6
- id: sym:5
  label: drawn sword
  literal_form: Odysseus's bronze sword used to threaten Circe after the spell fails
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:5
  - ev:8
- id: sym:6
  label: Circe's house in the forest
  literal_form: A fine stone house in the middle of the forest or charmed grove, visible
    from far away
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:5
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
- id: sym:7
  label: mountain top route
  literal_form: The mountain-top path over which Odysseus travels alone toward Circe's
    house
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs:
  - mountain
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Companions ensnared in Circe's house
  summary: Circe invites Odysseus's companions inside, gives them a drugged mixture,
    turns them into pigs with her wand, and confines them in pigstyes.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:5
  - fig:2
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  - sym:3
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: scene:2
  label: Eurylochus reports the loss
  summary: Eurylochus, who did not enter the house, returns distressed and tells Odysseus
    that the others went in and did not come out.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: scene:3
  label: Odysseus sets out to rescue the men
  summary: Odysseus arms himself and goes inland toward Circe despite Eurylochus's
    plea that he remain with the surviving crew.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:3
  - fig:2
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: scene:4
  label: Mercury gives Moly and instructions
  summary: Mercury meets Odysseus near Circe's house, gives him the protective herb
    Moly, and tells him how to resist Circe's drink, wand, and further plotting.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:4
  - fig:3
  - fig:1
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  - sym:5
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: scene:5
  label: Circe's spell fails against Odysseus
  summary: Circe gives Odysseus a drugged drink and strikes him with her wand, but
    he is not charmed; he rushes at her with his sword, and she recognizes him as
    Ulysses.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  - sym:4
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: human companions transformed into animals by an enchantress
  taxonomy_refs:
  - shapeshifter
  basis: Circe drugs Odysseus's companions and changes them into pigs while their
    minds remain human.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The taxonomy ref is approximate because the passage depicts imposed transformation
    rather than a figure changing its own shape.
- id: motif:2
  label: protective magical plant supplied by a divine helper
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Mercury gives Odysseus Moly, an herb that prevents Circe's spells from working.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  confidence: high
  cautions: No specific taxonomy reference among the supplied motif families exactly
    names this plant-protection pattern.
- id: motif:3
  label: hero resists witchcraft and compels the enchantress to negotiate
  taxonomy_refs:
  - initiation
  basis: Following Mercury's instructions, Odysseus withstands Circe's drug and wand,
    threatens her with a sword, and receives her recognition and proposal of trust.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The initiation taxonomy ref is broad; the passage gives a trial and instruction
    sequence but does not explicitly name an initiation.
- id: motif:4
  label: divine helper gives foreknowledge before a dangerous encounter
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: Mercury warns Odysseus of Circe's intended actions and gives detailed instructions
    for how to survive them.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The wisdom taxonomy ref is broad and should be reviewed.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: 4492-4507
  quote_or_summary: Circe invites the companions inside, seats them, gives them a
    drugged mixture of cheese, honey, meal, and Pramnian wine, strikes them with her
    wand, turns them into pigs while their minds remain intact, confines them, and
    feeds them pig food.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/odyssey-butler.md
  rights_note: Public domain translation; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: 4508-4530
  quote_or_summary: Eurylochus returns in distress and reports that the party found
    a woman or goddess at a loom in a fine stone house in the forest; he stayed outside
    suspecting treachery, while the others entered and did not return.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/odyssey-butler.md
  rights_note: Public domain translation; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: 4531-4545
  quote_or_summary: Odysseus takes his bronze sword and bow and says he must go, though
    Eurylochus begs not to return to Circe's house and urges escape with the remaining
    men.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/odyssey-butler.md
  rights_note: Public domain translation; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: 4546-4560
  quote_or_summary: On the way through the charmed grove toward Circe's house, Odysseus
    meets Mercury with a golden wand, disguised as a young man; Mercury tells him
    his men are in pigstyes and offers a protective herb.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/odyssey-butler.md
  rights_note: Public domain translation; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: 4561-4574
  quote_or_summary: Mercury explains that Circe will drug a drink but the herb will
    block her spells; he tells Odysseus to draw his sword when she strikes with her
    wand and to make her swear not to plot further harm.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/odyssey-butler.md
  rights_note: Public domain translation; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: quote
  locator: 4575-4579
  quote_or_summary: "“The root was black, while the flower was as white as milk; the
    gods call it Moly”"
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/odyssey-butler.md
  rights_note: Public domain translation; short excerpt.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: 4580-4586
  quote_or_summary: Odysseus reaches Circe's gates, enters when she invites him, sits
    on a silver-inlaid seat, and drinks from a drugged golden goblet; Circe strikes
    him with her wand and orders him to the pigstye, but the charm fails.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/odyssey-butler.md
  rights_note: Public domain translation; summarized.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: '4586'
  quote_or_summary: Odysseus rushes at Circe with his drawn sword; she screams, clasps
    his knees, asks who he is, says no man has resisted her drug before, identifies
    him as Ulysses foretold by Mercury, and asks him to sheathe his sword and go to
    bed so they may make friends and trust each other.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/odyssey-butler.md
  rights_note: Public domain translation; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: uncertain
  notes: Literal extraction is well supported by the supplied passage. Motif-family
    mappings are cautious because the available taxonomy does not include exact labels
    for all observed patterns.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  No comparison claims were added because the passage itself does not explicitly support a cross-text or cross-tradition comparison.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:greek-odyssey-butler-gutenberg__l4492-l4586
  passage_sha256=72d3a0ef5300244fcaa8efce70a780154f30dcca54b8e9031319e98d879a4090