Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.norse-myths-of-norsemen-guerber-gutenberg-l9430-l9545

batch.motif.norse-myths-of-norsemen-guerber-gutenberg-l9430-l9545

---
record_id: batch.motif.norse-myths-of-norsemen-guerber-gutenberg-l9430-l9545
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/norse/project-gutenberg/myths-of-the-norsemen-guerber.md
passage_locator:
  label: 'CHAPTER XXIII: THE GIANTS / CHAPTER XXIV: THE DWARFS / CHAPTER XXV: THE
    ELVES / CHAPTER XXVI: THE SIGURD SAGA; lines 9430-9545'
  start: '9430'
  end: '9545'
  translation: 'Myths of the Norsemen: From the Eddas and Sagas'
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: After the slaughter of the Volsungs, Sigmund comforts Signy, buries the
    remains of their kin, and swears revenge. Signy sends her sons to Sigmund to be
    tested for courage, but they fail. She exchanges forms with a witch, visits Sigmund
    in disguise, and bears Sinfiotli, who passes severe courage tests involving pain
    and an adder hidden in meal. Sigmund trains Sinfiotli. The two put on wolf-skins,
    become wolf-like, kill and devour in the forest, and then fight each other; Sinfiotli
    dies. Sigmund sees a weasel revived with a leaf, receives a similar leaf from
    a raven, and restores Sinfiotli to life. On the ninth night the wolf-skins fall
    off, and the two burn them, ending the spell.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: Sigmund leaves concealment to comfort Signy, and together they bury the whitening
    bones of their kin.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: Sigmund swears a solemn oath to avenge his family’s wrongs, and Signy approves
    while urging him to wait for a favorable time.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:3
  text: Signy returns to Siggeir’s palace, while Sigmund goes to a remote forest place,
    builds a small hut, and works as a smith.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:4
  text: Signy secretly sends her first and second sons to Sigmund at about ten years
    old so that they may be trained for vengeance, but both are found lacking in courage.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:5
  text: Signy concludes that only a pure-blooded Volsung will be useful for the revenge
    she seeks.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:6
  text: Signy summons a young witch, exchanges forms with her, and goes in disguise
    to Sigmund’s forest hut.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:7
  text: Sigmund does not recognize Signy in disguise, takes her for a gypsy, and makes
    her his wife during the disguised visit.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:8
  text: After three days Signy returns to the palace, resumes her own form, and later
    gives birth to Sinfiotli, whose appearance suggests a bold and strong Volsung
    hero.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:9
  text: Signy tests Sinfiotli’s courage by sewing his garment to his skin and suddenly
    tearing it away; he laughs rather than wincing.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:10
  text: Sigmund tests Sinfiotli by ordering him to make bread from a sack of meal
    in which a great adder is hidden.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:11
  text: Sinfiotli kneads the adder into the loaf and shows the bread to Sigmund.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:12
  text: Sigmund is described as able to handle adders and drink venom unharmed; Sinfiotli
    is described as immune to the sting of creeping creatures but not to eating poison.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:13
  text: Sigmund teaches Sinfiotli the knowledge expected of a northern warrior, and
    they become inseparable companions.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:14
  text: In a forest hut, Sigmund and Sinfiotli find two sleeping men and two hanging
    wolf-skins associated with a werewolf spell.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:15
  text: Sigmund and Sinfiotli put on the wolf-skins and, in the guise of wolves, rush
    through the forest, killing and devouring what they meet.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:16
  text: Under wolfish passions, Sigmund and Sinfiotli attack each other; Sinfiotli,
    the younger and weaker, falls dead.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:17
  text: Sigmund sees one weasel revive another by placing a leaf on its breast.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:18
  text: A raven drops a similar leaf at Sigmund’s feet, and Sigmund lays it on Sinfiotli,
    who is restored to life.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:19
  text: Sigmund understands the raven’s dropped leaf as help from the gods.
  category: other
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:20
  text: On the ninth night the wolf-skins drop off; Sigmund and Sinfiotli throw them
    into the fire, where they are consumed, breaking the spell forever.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: Sigmund
  description: Surviving Volsung who comforts Signy, swears revenge, lives in a forest
    hut as a smith, tests and trains Sinfiotli, puts on a wolf-skin, kills Sinfiotli
    in wolfish frenzy, and revives him with a leaf.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:3
  - role:6
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Signy
  description: Sigmund’s sister, wife of Siggeir, who grieves the slaughtered kin,
    aids Sigmund’s revenge plan, sends sons to him for testing, exchanges forms with
    a witch, and bears Sinfiotli.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  - role:4
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Siggeir
  description: Ruler who takes possession of the Volsung kingdom and whose cruelty
    is opposed by Sigmund and Signy.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Signy’s elder sons
  description: The first and second sons of Signy and Siggeir, sent to Sigmund around
    age ten and found lacking in courage.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: young witch
  description: A beautiful young witch whom Signy summons and with whom Signy exchanges
    forms.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Sinfiotli
  description: Son born after Signy’s disguised visit to Sigmund; he passes courage
    tests, is trained by Sigmund, wears a wolf-skin, dies in a struggle with Sigmund,
    and is restored to life.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  - role:6
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: two sleeping men / werewolves
  description: Two men found asleep in a hut near two wolf-skins; the passage says
    the skins suggest they are werewolves under a cruel spell.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: two weasels
  description: Two weasels that fight until one lies dead; the victor brings a leaf
    that revives the dead companion.
  role_refs:
  - role:11
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: raven
  description: A raven flying overhead drops a leaf like the one used by the weasel
    to revive its companion.
  role_refs:
  - role:11
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: gods
  description: Collective divine agents whom Sigmund understands to be helping him
    through the raven’s dropped leaf.
  role_refs:
  - role:12
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: surviving kinsman and avenger
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: Sigmund survives, buries his kin’s bones, and swears to avenge his family’s
    wrongs.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:2
  label: grieving sister and secret ally
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: Signy grieves, approves Sigmund’s oath, urges him to wait, and promises aid.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:3
  label: forest smith and mentor
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: Sigmund builds a hut in the forest, works as a smith, and trains Sinfiotli
    in warrior skills.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:6
- id: role:4
  label: tested child
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  - fig:4
  - fig:6
  basis: Signy’s sons and later Sinfiotli are subjected to tests of courage or fitness
    for vengeance; Signy also actively tests Sinfiotli.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: role:5
  label: shape-exchanging mother of the hero
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: Signy exchanges forms with a witch, visits Sigmund disguised, and later bears
    Sinfiotli.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:6
  label: wolf-skin wearer
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  - fig:6
  basis: Sigmund and Sinfiotli don wolf-skins and move through the forest in wolf
    form.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: role:7
  label: enemy king and usurper
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: Siggeir’s cruelty is named, and he takes possession of the Volsung kingdom.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: role:8
  label: killer and revived companion pair
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  - fig:6
  basis: In wolfish frenzy Sigmund kills Sinfiotli and then restores him to life with
    a leaf.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: role:9
  label: magical form-exchanger
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: The witch participates in Signy’s exchange of forms.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:10
  label: enchanted werewolf sleepers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: The two sleeping men are associated with wolf-skins and a spell limiting
    their natural form.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: role:11
  label: animal revealer of reviving leaf
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  basis: The weasel demonstrates the reviving leaf, and the raven drops a similar
    leaf for Sigmund.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: role:12
  label: divine helpers as understood by Sigmund
  assigned_to:
  - fig:10
  basis: Sigmund understands the raven’s dropped leaf as evidence that the gods wish
    to help him.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: whitening bones
  literal_form: bones of the slain kin buried by Sigmund and Signy
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:2
  label: forest hut
  literal_form: remote hut built by Sigmund in the forest
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:3
- id: sym:3
  label: exchanged forms
  literal_form: Signy’s form and the witch’s form exchanged before Signy’s disguised
    visit
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:4
  label: sewn garment
  literal_form: Sinfiotli’s garment sewn to his skin and torn away as a courage test
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:5
  label: adder in the meal
  literal_form: great adder hidden in the meal and kneaded into bread
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs:
  - serpent
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:6
  label: poison and venom immunity
  literal_form: ability to handle adders, resist stings, or drink venom unharmed
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs:
  - serpent
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:7
  label: wolf-skins
  literal_form: two hanging wolf-skins that transform wearers into wolf guise under
    a spell
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:8
- id: sym:8
  label: magic leaf or herb
  literal_form: leaf that revives a dead weasel and then Sinfiotli
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:6
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: sym:9
  label: raven-borne leaf
  literal_form: leaf dropped by a raven at Sigmund’s feet
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: sym:10
  label: ninth night
  literal_form: the ninth night when the wolf-skins drop off
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: sym:11
  label: fire consuming wolf-skins
  literal_form: fire into which Sigmund and Sinfiotli throw the wolf-skins to break
    the spell
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Burial and revenge oath
  summary: Sigmund comforts Signy, they bury the bones of their kin, and Sigmund swears
    to avenge the family while Signy promises aid.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: Failed sons sent for vengeance training
  summary: Signy sends her first and second sons to Sigmund, but each is found lacking
    in courage and therefore unfit for the planned revenge.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: scene:3
  label: Disguised visit and birth of Sinfiotli
  summary: Signy exchanges forms with a witch, visits Sigmund’s hut unrecognized,
    stays with him for three days, returns to her own form, and later gives birth
    to Sinfiotli.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: scene:4
  label: Tests of Sinfiotli
  summary: Signy tests Sinfiotli’s endurance by tearing away a garment sewn to his
    skin, and Sigmund tests him with meal containing an adder; Sinfiotli passes both
    tests.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  - sym:5
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: scene:5
  label: Wolf-skin transformation and violence
  summary: Sigmund and Sinfiotli find wolf-skins in a hut, put them on, become wolf-like,
    kill and devour in the forest, and then fight each other until Sinfiotli dies.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: scene:6
  label: Animal-taught revival
  summary: Sigmund observes a weasel revive another with a leaf; a raven drops a similar
    leaf, and Sigmund uses it to restore Sinfiotli to life.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:6
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:8
  - sym:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: scene:7
  label: Burning of the wolf-skins
  summary: On the ninth night the wolf-skins drop off, and Sigmund and Sinfiotli burn
    them, ending the spell permanently.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:7
  - sym:10
  - sym:11
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: revenge oath after kin slaughter
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Sigmund buries the remains of his kin and vows to avenge his family’s wrongs,
    with Signy’s approval and promised aid.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage excerpt begins after the slaughter itself; the oath and burial
    are explicit, but the broader feud context is only partly present here.
- id: motif:2
  label: testing of children for heroic courage
  taxonomy_refs:
  - initiation
  basis: Signy’s sons and Sinfiotli are tested for courage or hardiness before being
    accepted as useful for vengeance and warrior training.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  confidence: high
  cautions: The tests are practical and violent; classification as initiation is a
    motif-family assignment rather than an explicit label in the passage.
- id: motif:3
  label: shape-exchange disguise leading to hero birth
  taxonomy_refs:
  - shapeshifter
  - sacred_birth
  basis: Signy exchanges forms with a witch, deceives Sigmund, and later bears Sinfiotli,
    whose body and glance promise a true Volsung hero.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage calls Signy’s act a crime; any sacred-birth association should
    be reviewed because the conception is framed through disguise and incest rather
    than ritual sanctity.
- id: motif:4
  label: serpent or poison ordeal
  taxonomy_refs:
  - serpent
  - initiation
  basis: Sinfiotli passes a test involving a hidden adder in meal, while Sigmund and
    Sinfiotli are described as having unusual immunity to adders, stings, or venom.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  confidence: high
  cautions: The creature is called an adder; serpent taxonomy is applicable at the
    broad symbol level.
- id: motif:5
  label: wolf-skin transformation under enchantment
  taxonomy_refs:
  - shapeshifter
  basis: Sigmund and Sinfiotli don wolf-skins and become wolf-like, killing and devouring
    in the forest under passions associated with the skins.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  confidence: high
  cautions: The transformation is caused by donning enchanted skins rather than an
    innate ability.
- id: motif:6
  label: death and restoration by magic herb
  taxonomy_refs:
  - resurrection
  - death_rebirth
  basis: Sinfiotli is killed and then restored to life when Sigmund uses a leaf whose
    power has been demonstrated by weasels and delivered by a raven.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  confidence: high
  cautions: The restoration is immediate revival within the narrative, not necessarily
    a full theological resurrection doctrine.
- id: motif:7
  label: animal helper reveals life-restoring remedy
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: A weasel demonstrates the reviving leaf, and a raven provides Sigmund with
    a similar leaf; Sigmund interprets this as divine help.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage presents the animals as instrumental helpers, but does not
    give them speech or explicit divine identity.
- id: motif:8
  label: fire destroys enchanted skin and breaks spell
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  - shapeshifter
  basis: After the skins fall off on the ninth night, Sigmund and Sinfiotli throw
    them into fire, where they are consumed and the spell is broken forever.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  confidence: high
  cautions: Fire functions here as destruction of the enchanted object; broader purificatory
    interpretation is not stated in the passage.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: 9430-9448
  quote_or_summary: 'Sigmund comforts Signy, they bury the whitening bones, he vows
    vengeance, Signy approves and promises aid, and they part: she to Siggeir’s palace
    and he to a forest hut where he works as a smith.'
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/norse/project-gutenberg/myths-of-the-norsemen-guerber.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized from supplied passage.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: 9450-9465
  quote_or_summary: Siggeir takes the Volsung kingdom; Signy sends her first and second
    sons to Sigmund at about ten years old for training toward vengeance, but he finds
    both lacking in courage, leading Signy to think only a pure-blooded Volsung will
    serve.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/norse/project-gutenberg/myths-of-the-norsemen-guerber.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized from supplied passage.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: 9466-9482
  quote_or_summary: Signy recalls a divine twin-born precedent in verse, summons a
    young witch, exchanges forms with her, goes disguised to Sigmund’s hut for three
    days, returns to the palace and her own form, and later bears a son showing signs
    of a true Volsung hero.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/norse/project-gutenberg/myths-of-the-norsemen-guerber.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized from supplied passage.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: 9484-9491
  quote_or_summary: When Sinfiotli is ten, Signy tests his courage by sewing his garment
    to his skin and suddenly tearing it away; he does not wince but laughs, so she
    sends him to Sigmund.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/norse/project-gutenberg/myths-of-the-norsemen-guerber.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized from supplied passage.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: 9491-9510
  quote_or_summary: Sigmund has Sinfiotli make bread from meal containing a hidden
    adder; Sinfiotli kneads the adder into the loaf. Sigmund says Sinfiotli should
    not eat it, because Sigmund can drink venom unharmed while Sinfiotli can resist
    reptile stings but not poison eaten in bread.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/norse/project-gutenberg/myths-of-the-norsemen-guerber.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized from supplied passage.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: 9512-9524
  quote_or_summary: Sigmund teaches Sinfiotli warrior knowledge. In a forest hut they
    find two sleeping men and two wolf-skins, understood as belonging to werewolves
    under a spell; they put on the skins and rush through the forest in wolf guise,
    killing and devouring.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/norse/project-gutenberg/myths-of-the-norsemen-guerber.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized from supplied passage.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: 9526-9538
  quote_or_summary: In wolfish passion Sigmund and Sinfiotli fight, and Sinfiotli
    dies. Sigmund sees a weasel revive another with a leaf; a raven drops a similar
    leaf at Sigmund’s feet, which he interprets as divine help, and he uses it to
    restore Sinfiotli to life.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/norse/project-gutenberg/myths-of-the-norsemen-guerber.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized from supplied passage.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: 9540-9545
  quote_or_summary: Fearing further harm, Sigmund and Sinfiotli wait until the ninth
    night, when the wolf-skins drop off; they throw the skins into the fire, the skins
    are consumed, and the spell is broken forever.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/norse/project-gutenberg/myths-of-the-norsemen-guerber.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized from supplied passage.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: high
  notes: Literal sequence and figures are clear in the supplied passage. Motif-family
    assignments use only available taxonomy references and should be reviewed, especially
    for the disguised conception and sacred-birth classification. No comparison claims
    were added because the passage itself does not require cross-text comparison beyond
    its own quoted allusion.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  All evidence is drawn only from the supplied passage and metadata. Taxonomy references are limited to the provided motif and symbol lists.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:norse-myths-of-norsemen-guerber-gutenberg__l9430-l9545
  passage_sha256=440c132047e81e7b79a0bc511d1491088447680a60ced7fa8cde3aa0bb9464df