batch.motif.greek-roman-berens-myths-legends-gutenberg-l3568-l3630
---
record_id: batch.motif.greek-roman-berens-myths-legends-gutenberg-l3568-l3630
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek-roman/project-gutenberg/myths-legends-ancient-greece-rome-berens.md
passage_locator:
label: THETIS. / LEUCOTHEA. / THE SIRENS. / ARES (MARS).; lines 3568-3630
start: '3568'
end: '3630'
translation: Myths and Legends of Ancient Greece and Rome
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: The passage describes Ares as the son of Zeus and Hera and as a destructive
god of war opposed by Athene. It recounts Diomedes wounding Ares with Athene’s
aid, Zeus rebuking Ares, Ares being tried and acquitted for killing Halirrhothios,
Ares being imprisoned by the Aloidae, and the appearance and attendants of Ares
and Eris.
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: Ares is identified as the son of Zeus and Hera and as the god of war who delights
in battlefield tumult, slaughter, and extermination.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: Epic poets represent Ares as a wild warrior who moves through armies like
a whirlwind, throwing down brave and cowardly soldiers alike and destroying chariots
and helmets.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:3
text: Athene is described as appearing in opposition to Ares and trying to defeat
his bloodthirsty designs.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:4
text: Athene assists Diomedes at Troy, and Diomedes wounds Ares, causing Ares to
leave the field roaring.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:5
text: Ares is said to be disliked by the Olympian gods except Aphrodite, and hated
by Zeus because he disrupts peaceful state-life.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:6
text: When Ares complains to Zeus after being wounded, Zeus answers angrily and
calls him the most hateful of the Olympian gods to him.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:7
text: Ares kills Halirrhothios after Halirrhothios insults Alcippe, Ares’ daughter.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:8
text: Poseidon summons Ares before a tribunal of the Olympian gods held on a hill
in Athens, and Ares is acquitted.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:9
text: The trial of Ares is said to be connected with the name Areopagus, the Hill
of Ares, later famous as a court of justice.
category: setting
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:10
text: In the Gigantomachia, the Aloidae defeat Ares, chain him, and keep him imprisoned
for thirteen months.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:11
text: Ares is represented as youthful, tall, muscular, strong, and agile, bearing
a sword or lance and a round shield.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:12
text: Ares’ surroundings are Terror, Fear, Enyo, Keidomos, and Eris, who precedes
his chariot when he rushes to battle.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:13
text: Eris is described as Ares’ twin-sister and companion.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:14
text: Eris is represented with dishevelled hair, an angry and menacing appearance,
a poniard, a hissing adder, a burning torch, torn dress, and hair intertwined
with venomous snakes.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: obs:15
text: Eris is said to be invoked by mortals only when they desired assistance for
evil purposes.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: Ares / Mars
description: Son of Zeus and Hera; god of war; destructive warrior; represented
with sword or lance and shield.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:2
- role:3
- role:10
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:8
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: Zeus
description: Father of Ares and ruler of Olympus who rebukes Ares after his wound.
role_refs:
- role:4
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:5
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: Hera
description: Mother of Ares, from whom he is said to inherit independence and contradiction.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: Athene
description: Sister of Ares who opposes him and assists Diomedes at Troy.
role_refs:
- role:6
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: Diomedes
description: Divine hero aided by Athene who wounds Ares at the siege of Troy.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: Aphrodite
description: The only Olympian deity named as an exception to general aversion toward
Ares.
role_refs:
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: Poseidon
description: Father of Halirrhothios who summons Ares before the Olympian tribunal.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: Halirrhothios
description: Son of Poseidon slain by Ares after insulting Alcippe.
role_refs:
- role:11
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: fig:9
name_or_label: Alcippe
description: Daughter of Ares who is insulted by Halirrhothios.
role_refs:
- role:12
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: fig:10
name_or_label: Olympic gods
description: Divine tribunal before which Ares appears and by which he is acquitted.
role_refs:
- role:13
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: fig:11
name_or_label: Aloidae
description: Two giant sons of Poseidon who defeat, chain, and imprison Ares for
thirteen months.
role_refs:
- role:14
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: fig:12
name_or_label: Terror and Fear
description: Demoniacal surroundings of Ares.
role_refs:
- role:15
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: fig:13
name_or_label: Enyo
description: Goddess of the war-cry among Ares’ surroundings.
role_refs:
- role:15
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: fig:14
name_or_label: Keidomos
description: Demon of the noise of battles among Ares’ surroundings.
role_refs:
- role:15
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: fig:15
name_or_label: Eris / Contention
description: Twin-sister and companion of Ares who precedes his chariot; represented
with weapons, serpents, and a burning torch.
role_refs:
- role:15
- role:16
- role:17
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:9
roles:
- id: role:1
label: war deity
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: Ares is explicitly called the god of war.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:2
label: destructive warrior
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: Ares delights in strife, slaughter, and battlefield destruction.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: role:3
label: divine child
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: Ares is the son of Zeus and Hera.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:4
label: divine parent
assigned_to:
- fig:2
- fig:3
basis: Zeus and Hera are identified as Ares’ parents.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:5
label: divine authority or accuser
assigned_to:
- fig:2
- fig:7
basis: Zeus rebukes Ares as ruler of Olympus; Poseidon summons Ares to the tribunal.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
- id: role:6
label: opposing sister
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: Athene is Ares’ sister and is said to oppose him.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: role:7
label: helper in battle
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: Athene assists Diomedes against Ares at Troy.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: role:8
label: heroic opponent
assigned_to:
- fig:5
basis: Diomedes, aided by Athene, wounds Ares in battle.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: role:9
label: exceptional sympathizer
assigned_to:
- fig:6
basis: Aphrodite alone is excepted from the gods’ aversion to Ares.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: role:10
label: defendant or judged deity
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: Ares is summoned before the Olympian tribunal and acquitted.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: role:11
label: slain offender
assigned_to:
- fig:8
basis: Halirrhothios insults Alcippe and is slain by Ares.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: role:12
label: insulted daughter
assigned_to:
- fig:9
basis: Alcippe is named as Ares’ daughter and as the person insulted by Halirrhothios.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: role:13
label: divine tribunal
assigned_to:
- fig:10
basis: The Olympic gods hold the tribunal that acquits Ares.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: role:14
label: giant captors
assigned_to:
- fig:11
basis: The Aloidae defeat, chain, and imprison Ares.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: role:15
label: war retinue or attendant
assigned_to:
- fig:12
- fig:13
- fig:14
- fig:15
basis: These beings are named among Ares’ demoniacal surroundings or companions.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: role:16
label: twin sibling and companion
assigned_to:
- fig:15
basis: Eris is called Ares’ twin-sister and companion.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: role:17
label: malefic invoked power
assigned_to:
- fig:15
basis: Mortals invoke Eris only for assistance in evil purposes.
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: sword or mighty lance
literal_form: Weapon carried by Ares in his right hand.
associated_figures:
- fig:1
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: sym:2
label: round shield
literal_form: Shield carried by Ares on his left arm.
associated_figures:
- fig:1
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: sym:3
label: chariot of Ares
literal_form: Chariot preceded by Eris when Ares rushes to the fight.
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:15
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: sym:4
label: hill of Ares
literal_form: Hill in Athens where the tribunal of the Olympian gods is held; associated
with the name Areopagus.
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:10
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: sym:5
label: chains and prison
literal_form: Chains and prison used by the Aloidae to hold Ares for thirteen months.
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:11
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: sym:6
label: hissing adder and venomous snakes
literal_form: Adder brandished by Eris and snakes intertwined in her hair.
associated_figures:
- fig:15
taxonomy_refs:
- serpent
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: sym:7
label: burning torch
literal_form: Torch carried by Eris.
associated_figures:
- fig:15
taxonomy_refs:
- fire
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: sym:8
label: poniard
literal_form: Weapon brandished by Eris.
associated_figures:
- fig:15
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Ares as destructive war-god
summary: Ares is characterized as a god who delights in strife, slaughter, battlefield
havoc, and indiscriminate destruction.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: scene:2
label: Athene and Diomedes wound Ares
summary: Athene opposes Ares and assists Diomedes at Troy; Diomedes wounds Ares,
who withdraws from battle roaring.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:4
- fig:5
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: scene:3
label: Zeus rebukes Ares
summary: After being wounded, Ares complains to Zeus, who angrily refuses sympathy
and condemns his love of war and strife.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: scene:4
label: Trial on the Hill of Ares
summary: After Ares kills Halirrhothios for insulting Alcippe, Poseidon summons
him before a tribunal of Olympian gods on a hill in Athens, where Ares is acquitted.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:7
- fig:8
- fig:9
- fig:10
symbol_refs:
- sym:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: scene:5
label: Ares imprisoned by the Aloidae
summary: In the Gigantomachia, the Aloidae defeat Ares, put him in chains, and keep
him imprisoned for thirteen months.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:11
symbol_refs:
- sym:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: scene:6
label: Iconography and retinue of Ares and Eris
summary: Ares is represented armed with sword or lance and shield, accompanied by
warlike beings; Eris precedes his chariot and is depicted with serpents, a poniard,
and a burning torch.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:12
- fig:13
- fig:14
- fig:15
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:2
- sym:3
- sym:6
- sym:7
- sym:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:9
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: divine parent and warlike child
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_parent_child
basis: Ares is explicitly the son of Zeus and Hera, and Zeus’ rebuke frames his
violent nature in relation to his parents.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:5
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage is descriptive rather than a full birth or parent-child narrative.
- id: motif:2
label: divine sibling pair in conflict or companionship
taxonomy_refs:
- sibling_pair
basis: Athene is Ares’ sister and opposes him, while Eris is his twin-sister and
companion.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:8
confidence: high
cautions: 'The two sibling relationships have different functions: opposition in
Athene’s case and companionship in Eris’ case.'
- id: motif:3
label: divine trial and acquittal
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: Ares is summoned before a tribunal of the Olympian gods after killing Halirrhothios
and is acquitted.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
confidence: high
cautions: The passage gives only a brief etiological account of the tribunal and
acquittal.
- id: motif:4
label: bound or imprisoned deity
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The Aloidae defeat Ares, put him in chains, and keep him in prison for thirteen
months.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
confidence: high
cautions: No supplied taxonomy reference directly matches a bound-deity motif.
- id: motif:5
label: serpentine and fiery image of contention
taxonomy_refs:
- serpent
basis: Eris is depicted with a hissing adder, venomous snakes in her hair, and a
burning torch.
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
confidence: medium
cautions: The serpent taxonomy applies to the literal snakes; the broader meaning
of contention is interpretive and should be reviewed.
- id: motif:6
label: war following contention
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Eris precedes Ares’ chariot when he rushes to battle, and the passage states
that this expresses that war follows contention.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
confidence: high
cautions: This is an explicit interpretive note in the source, not an independently
inferred comparison.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: lines 3568-3572
quote_or_summary: Ares is the son of Zeus and Hera and the god of war, delighting
in strife, battlefield havoc, slaughter, and extermination.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek-roman/project-gutenberg/myths-legends-ancient-greece-rome-berens.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: lines 3574-3578
quote_or_summary: Epic poets portray Ares as an ungovernable warrior passing through
armies like a whirlwind, destroying fighters, chariots, and helmets.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek-roman/project-gutenberg/myths-legends-ancient-greece-rome-berens.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: lines 3580-3586
quote_or_summary: Athene opposes Ares, assists Diomedes at Troy, and Diomedes wounds
Ares, who exits the field roaring.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek-roman/project-gutenberg/myths-legends-ancient-greece-rome-berens.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: lines 3590-3595
quote_or_summary: Ares is an object of aversion to the Olympian gods except Aphrodite,
and Zeus dislikes him for disrupting peaceful state-life.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek-roman/project-gutenberg/myths-legends-ancient-greece-rome-berens.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
type: quote
locator: lines 3597-3604
quote_or_summary: Zeus says Ares is “of all the gods of Olympus most hateful to
me” and delights only in war and strife.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek-roman/project-gutenberg/myths-legends-ancient-greece-rome-berens.md
rights_note: Public domain source; short excerpt quoted.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: lines 3606-3614
quote_or_summary: Ares kills Halirrhothios after he insults Alcippe; Poseidon summons
Ares before an Olympian tribunal on a hill in Athens; Ares is acquitted, and the
episode is linked with the name Areopagus.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek-roman/project-gutenberg/myths-legends-ancient-greece-rome-berens.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
type: summary
locator: lines 3614-3617
quote_or_summary: In the Gigantomachia, the Aloidae defeat Ares, put him in chains,
and keep him imprisoned for thirteen months.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek-roman/project-gutenberg/myths-legends-ancient-greece-rome-berens.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
type: summary
locator: lines 3619-3626
quote_or_summary: Ares is represented as youthful, tall, muscular, strong, and agile,
armed with sword or lance and shield; his surroundings include Terror, Fear, Enyo,
Keidomos, and Eris, who precedes his chariot.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek-roman/project-gutenberg/myths-legends-ancient-greece-rome-berens.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
type: summary
locator: lines 3628-3630
quote_or_summary: Eris is represented as angry and menacing, with dishevelled hair,
a poniard, a hissing adder, a burning torch, torn dress, snakes in her hair, and
is invoked only for evil purposes.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek-roman/project-gutenberg/myths-legends-ancient-greece-rome-berens.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
extraction: high
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: uncertain
notes: Extraction is based only on the supplied passage. Motif candidates use available
taxonomy where directly supported; no comparison claims are made because the passage
does not itself provide a comparative claim beyond its internal mythographic explanations.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
The supplied passage text covers the Ares section only, although the locator label also names adjacent sections.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:greek-roman-berens-myths-legends-gutenberg__l3568-l3630
passage_sha256=6579acb714a8cd34c2799df7c81a422162f4c1a9c80fdaa2aa5c66ae3f030d14