Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.roman-ovid-metamorphoses-books-1-7-riley-gutenberg-l11973-l12064

batch.motif.roman-ovid-metamorphoses-books-1-7-riley-gutenberg-l11973-l12064

---
record_id: batch.motif.roman-ovid-metamorphoses-books-1-7-riley-gutenberg-l11973-l12064
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/roman/project-gutenberg/metamorphoses-books-1-7-riley.md
passage_locator:
  label: EXPLANATION. / EXPLANATION. / EXPLANATION. / EXPLANATION.; lines 11973-12064
  start: '11973'
  end: '12064'
  translation: The Metamorphoses of Ovid, Books I-VII
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: 'Æacus describes a devastating malady among his people: bodies lie everywhere;
    prayers, sacrifices, and temple rites fail; sacrificial animals collapse before
    being killed; corpses accumulate near sacred places; some people die by suicide;
    funerary customs break down as the dead lie unburied or are burned without proper
    honors; unlamented souls wander because survivors, tomb space, and funeral wood
    are lacking.'
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: The speaker says he hated life and wished to share the fate of his people.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: The speaker saw a multitude of bodies strewn on the earth, compared to fallen
    rotten apples and acorns.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: A lofty temple of Jupiter stands opposite the speaker, raised on long steps.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:4
  text: People offered incense and prayers at the altars in vain; husbands and fathers
    sometimes died at the altars while praying for family members.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:5
  text: Bulls brought for sacrifice fell while the priest prayed and poured wine between
    their horns, before they were wounded.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:6
  text: The speaker’s own sacrificial victim to Jupiter collapsed without a blow,
    had scanty blood, and diseased entrails that no longer showed true divine warnings.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:7
  text: Carcasses lay before sacred doors and altars.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:8
  text: Some people ended their lives by hanging, seeking to dispel fear of death
    by death itself.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:9
  text: 'Funeral rites broke down: processions could not pass through the city gates,
    bodies lay unburied or were placed on pyres without customary honors, and people
    fought over funeral piles.'
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:10
  text: There were not enough mourners, tomb space, or trees for funeral fires; souls
    of sons, husbands, old, and young wandered unlamented.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: Æacus
  description: The speaker of the passage, identified in the footnote as pointing
    toward the temple while speaking.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:3
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Jupiter
  description: The deity to whom the lofty temple belongs and to whom the speaker
    offers sacrifice.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:6
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: the speaker’s people
  description: The afflicted population among whom bodies are strewn, prayers fail,
    deaths occur, and funerary rites collapse.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: husbands and fathers at the altars
  description: Petitioners who pray for wives or sons and may die at the altars while
    still holding frankincense.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: priest
  description: A ritual officiant who prays and pours pure wine between the horns
    of bulls brought to the temples.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: sacrificial bulls and victim
  description: Animals brought or offered for sacrifice that collapse before being
    wounded or without a blow.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: unlamented souls
  description: Souls of sons, husbands, old, and young said to wander because mourners
    are lacking.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: speaker-witness
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The speaker recounts what he felt and saw during the calamity.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: role:2
  label: sacrificer
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The speaker says he offered sacrifice to Jupiter for himself, his country,
    and his three sons.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: role:3
  label: temple deity and recipient of sacrifice
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: The temple belongs to Jupiter, and sacrifice is offered to him.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:6
- id: role:4
  label: plague-stricken community
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: The passage describes the people dying in multitudes and overwhelming rites
    and burial practices.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
- id: role:5
  label: failed petitioners
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: Husbands and fathers entreat for family members at altars but do not prevail
    and may die there.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:6
  label: ritual officiant
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: The priest makes supplications and pours wine during the temple sacrifice.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:7
  label: sacrificial animals
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: The animals are brought to temples or offered in sacrifice and collapse before
    normal slaughter.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: role:8
  label: unlamented dead
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: Souls are described as wandering without mourners.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: Jupiter’s temple
  literal_form: lofty temple raised on high with long steps
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:2
  label: altars
  literal_form: altars where incense, prayers, deaths, and carcasses occur
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:7
- id: sym:3
  label: frankincense or incense
  literal_form: incense offered in vain and frankincense left unconsumed in a dead
    petitioner’s hand
  associated_figures:
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:4
  label: sacrificial wine
  literal_form: pure wine poured between the horns of bulls
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:5
  label: diseased entrails
  literal_form: entrails that have lost marks of truth and divine warnings
  associated_figures:
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:6
  label: funeral pyres and fires
  literal_form: lofty pyres and fires used for the dead without usual honors
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
- id: sym:7
  label: halter
  literal_form: halter used by some to end their lives
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: sym:8
  label: tombs and funeral wood
  literal_form: insufficient tomb space and trees for funeral fires
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  - fig:7
  taxonomy_refs:
  - tree
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Witnessing the multitude of dead
  summary: The speaker describes his despair and the sight of his people lying strewn
    on the ground like fallen fruit.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: scene:2
  label: Failed supplication at Jupiter’s temple
  summary: The speaker points to Jupiter’s temple and recalls futile offerings, petitioners
    dying at the altars, and incense left unconsumed.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: scene:3
  label: Sacrificial signs corrupted by disease
  summary: Bulls and the speaker’s own sacrificial victim collapse before being struck,
    while blood is scant and entrails no longer yield reliable divine warnings.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: scene:4
  label: Death intrudes upon sacred places
  summary: Carcasses are cast before sacred doors and altars, making death present
    at the ritual sites.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: scene:5
  label: Funerary collapse and unlamented wandering
  summary: Some die by hanging; burial processions and rites cannot be maintained;
    the dead are unburied or burned without honors; mourners, tomb space, and funeral
    wood are insufficient, and souls wander unlamented.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:3
  - fig:7
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:6
  - sym:7
  - sym:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: failed sacrifice and unanswered prayer during plague
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacrifice
  basis: The passage repeatedly shows incense, prayers, and animal sacrifice failing
    amid disease and death at Jupiter’s temple and altars.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage emphasizes ritual failure but does not state a doctrinal reason
    for the gods’ silence.
- id: motif:2
  label: disease corrupts divinatory signs
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The sacrificial entrails are described as diseased and as having lost the
    marks of truth and warnings of the gods.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  confidence: medium
  cautions: This is a localized ritual-divinatory detail rather than a broad named
    taxonomy motif in the supplied list.
- id: motif:3
  label: mass death overwhelms funerary order
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The dead cannot be processed through city gates, receive no customary rites,
    crowd pyres, and exceed available tomb space and funeral wood.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
  confidence: high
  cautions: No specific taxonomy reference supplied for plague-driven breakdown of
    funeral rites.
- id: motif:4
  label: unlamented souls wandering after improper funerary rites
  taxonomy_refs:
  - afterlife_journey_map
  basis: The passage says souls of sons, husbands, old, and young wander unlamented
    when mourners and proper burial provisions are lacking.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage gives an after-death condition but not a full afterlife journey
    map.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11973-11976
  quote_or_summary: 'The speaker asks whether his feelings were proper: to hate life
    and want to share the fate of his people.'
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/roman/project-gutenberg/metamorphoses-books-1-7-riley.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: quote
  locator: lines 11976-11980
  quote_or_summary: "“there was the multitude strewed {on the earth}, just as when
    rotten apples fall” and as acorns fall from a shaken holm-oak."
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/roman/project-gutenberg/metamorphoses-books-1-7-riley.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short excerpt.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11980-11984 and footnote 103
  quote_or_summary: A lofty temple with long steps is identified as Jupiter’s; the
    footnote explains that Æacus is supposed to point toward it while speaking.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/roman/project-gutenberg/metamorphoses-books-1-7-riley.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11984-11990
  quote_or_summary: Incense is offered at altars in vain; husbands and fathers praying
    for wives or sons sometimes die at the altars while still holding unconsumed frankincense.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/roman/project-gutenberg/metamorphoses-books-1-7-riley.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11990-11994
  quote_or_summary: Bulls brought to temples fall before being wounded while the priest
    prays and pours pure wine between their horns.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/roman/project-gutenberg/metamorphoses-books-1-7-riley.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11994-12001
  quote_or_summary: The speaker offers sacrifice to Jupiter for himself, his country,
    and his three sons; the victim collapses without a blow, has scanty blood, and
    diseased entrails that have lost divine signs.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/roman/project-gutenberg/metamorphoses-books-1-7-riley.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 12001-12004
  quote_or_summary: Carcasses are seen thrown before sacred doors and even before
    altars; the note says dead bodies were considered offensive to the gods.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/roman/project-gutenberg/metamorphoses-books-1-7-riley.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: lines 12004-12007
  quote_or_summary: Some people end their lives with the halter, using death to dispel
    fear of death and voluntarily inviting fate.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/roman/project-gutenberg/metamorphoses-books-1-7-riley.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: lines 12007-12014
  quote_or_summary: Funeral rites cannot be performed as usual; city gates cannot
    receive the processions, bodies lie unburied or are placed on pyres without honors,
    and people struggle for funeral piles and burn the dead on others’ fires.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/roman/project-gutenberg/metamorphoses-books-1-7-riley.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:10
  type: summary
  locator: lines 12014-12018
  quote_or_summary: Those who should weep are absent; souls of sons, husbands, old,
    and young wander unlamented; there is not enough room for tombs or trees for fires.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/roman/project-gutenberg/metamorphoses-books-1-7-riley.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: uncertain
  notes: Extraction is based on the supplied passage and footnotes. Motif assignment
    is cautious because the passage centers on plague, ritual failure, and funerary
    breakdown, while the supplied taxonomy includes only partial matches.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  No comparison claims were added because the passage itself does not support a specific historical or cross-traditional comparison beyond internal similes and general motif candidates.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:roman-ovid-metamorphoses-books-1-7-riley-gutenberg__l11973-l12064
  passage_sha256=40f74dde017240aa02d07eb2d4fc55e159f987db368d5a8a89553b546e4f4a10