Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.sufi-rumi-mesnevi-book-1-redhouse-gutenberg-l14913-l15087

batch.motif.sufi-rumi-mesnevi-book-1-redhouse-gutenberg-l14913-l15087

---
record_id: batch.motif.sufi-rumi-mesnevi-book-1-redhouse-gutenberg-l14913-l15087
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/sufi/project-gutenberg/mesnevi-book-1-redhouse.md
passage_locator:
  label: XIII. / XVII. / THE END. / FOOTNOTES:; lines 14913-15087
  start: '14913'
  end: '15087'
  translation: The Mesnevi
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: Translator's footnotes explain Qur'anic, Islamic traditional, proverbial,
    and literary allusions in the surrounding Mesnevi passage, including the people
    of Nejrān, gardens with rivers, the Gates of Hell, Abraham's deliverance from
    fire, Adam's naming of things and fall, the dog of the Sleepers, the hidden tablet,
    the ascension at the extreme lote-tree, Burāq, and the splitting of the moon.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: A note identifies the Christians of Nejrān as people persecuted by Dhū-Nuwās,
    a Jewish king of Yaman.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:2
  text: A note states that Dhū-Nuwās burnt the Christians of Nejrān in a fiery trench
    when they refused to forsake their faith.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: A note says that the Qur'anic expression 'Gardens beneath which rivers flow'
    recurs frequently and that some gardens have special names.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:4
  text: A note says that the Qur'an and commentary speak of seven Gates of Hell.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:5
  text: A note states that Abraham was saved from the fire into which Nimrod cast
    him because Abraham refused to worship an image.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:6
  text: A note says the people of ʿĀd refused to believe the prophet Hūd and were
    destroyed by an eight days' tempest.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:7
  text: A note identifies ʿAzrāʾīl as the angel of death who takes human souls.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:8
  text: A note states that Solomon possessed power over the wind.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:9
  text: Notes state that Adam named all things after being instructed by God, while
    the angels were unable to do so, and that Adam and Eve confessed sin with contrition.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:14
- id: obs:10
  text: A note states that at the extreme lote-tree in the highest heaven Gabriel
    could go no further, while Muḥammad went on to God's presence.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: obs:11
  text: A note identifies Burāq as the angelic steed on which Muḥammad mounted to
    heaven in his night journey.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
- id: obs:12
  text: A note states that the moon split in two as a sign of the near approach of
    the day of judgment.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: Christians of Nejrān
  description: A Christian community in south-western Arabia said to have been burnt
    in a fiery trench after refusing to forsake their faith.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Dhū-Nuwās
  description: A Jewish king of Yaman and persecutor of the Christians of Nejrān.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Abraham
  description: A figure saved from fire after refusing to worship an image.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Nimrod
  description: The ruler who cast Abraham into fire according to the note.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: ʿĀd
  description: A people who refused to believe the prophet Hūd and were destroyed
    by an eight days' tempest.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Hūd
  description: A prophet whom the people of ʿĀd refused to believe.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: ʿAzrāʾīl
  description: The angel of death who takes men's souls.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Solomon
  description: A ruler or prophet said to have possessed power over the wind.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Adam
  description: The first human figure who, instructed by God, named all things; he
    later confessed sin with Eve.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:14
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: Eve
  description: Adam's companion who confessed sin with contrition together with him.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:14
- id: fig:11
  name_or_label: God
  description: The divine figure who instructed Adam, is associated with the hidden
    tablet of decrees, and whose presence Muḥammad reached in the ascension note.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
- id: fig:12
  name_or_label: Gabriel
  description: The angel who could go no further at the extreme lote-tree in the highest
    heaven.
  role_refs:
  - role:11
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: fig:13
  name_or_label: Muḥammad
  description: The prophet who went beyond Gabriel to God's presence and mounted Burāq
    to heaven in the night journey.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  - role:12
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
- id: fig:14
  name_or_label: Burāq
  description: The angelic steed used by Muḥammad to mount to heaven in the night
    journey.
  role_refs:
  - role:13
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
- id: fig:15
  name_or_label: Dog of the Sleepers
  description: The dog connected with the story of the Sleepers in Qur'ān xviii. 17-21.
  role_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: persecutor or hostile ruler
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  - fig:4
  basis: Dhū-Nuwās is named as persecutor of the Christians of Nejrān, and Nimrod
    is named as the one who cast Abraham into fire.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
- id: role:2
  label: persecuted believers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The Christians of Nejrān are said to have been burnt after refusing to forsake
    their faith.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: role:3
  label: image-refuser delivered from fire
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: Abraham refused image-worship and was saved from the fire.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:4
  label: destroyed unbelieving people
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: ʿĀd refused Hūd and were destroyed by an eight days' tempest.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:5
  label: prophet
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  - fig:13
  basis: Hūd is called a prophet, and Muḥammad is referred to in notes on the ascension
    and night journey.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
- id: role:6
  label: angel of death
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: ʿAzrāʾīl is explicitly identified as the angel of death who takes souls.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: role:7
  label: wind-commanding ruler
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: Solomon is said to have possessed power over the wind.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: role:8
  label: first namer and penitent sinner
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: Adam named all things after divine instruction and later confessed sin with
    Eve.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:14
- id: role:9
  label: penitent companion
  assigned_to:
  - fig:10
  basis: Eve confessed sin with contrition together with Adam.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:14
- id: role:10
  label: divine instructor and decree-holder
  assigned_to:
  - fig:11
  basis: God instructs Adam, is associated with decrees on the hidden tablet, and
    is the presence reached by Muḥammad.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
- id: role:11
  label: heavenly boundary angel
  assigned_to:
  - fig:12
  basis: Gabriel could go no further at the extreme lote-tree.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: role:12
  label: ascender beyond angelic limit
  assigned_to:
  - fig:13
  basis: Muḥammad went beyond Gabriel to God's presence.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: role:13
  label: heavenly mount
  assigned_to:
  - fig:14
  basis: Burāq is the angelic steed on which Muḥammad mounted to heaven.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: fire
  literal_form: Fire, including a fiery trench and the fire into which Abraham was
    cast.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
- id: sym:2
  label: rivers beneath gardens
  literal_form: Rivers flowing beneath gardens.
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:3
  label: Gates of Hell
  literal_form: Seven gates associated with Hell.
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:4
  label: tempest
  literal_form: An eight days' tempest that destroyed ʿĀd.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:5
  label: wind
  literal_form: Wind over which Solomon possessed power.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:8
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: sym:6
  label: hidden tablet
  literal_form: The hidden tablet of God's decrees.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:11
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: sym:7
  label: extreme lote-tree
  literal_form: The extreme lote-tree in the highest heaven.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:12
  - fig:13
  taxonomy_refs:
  - tree
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: sym:8
  label: Burāq
  literal_form: An angelic steed used in Muḥammad's night journey to heaven.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:13
  - fig:14
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
- id: sym:9
  label: split moon
  literal_form: The moon cleaving in two.
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
- id: sym:10
  label: snake and dragon
  literal_form: 'A proverb: one flees the snake and meets a dragon.'
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs:
  - serpent
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:15
- id: sym:11
  label: forbidden or glossed plant
  literal_form: A caulescent plant glossed as wheat, compared by the translator to
    the apple gloss.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:14
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Burning of the Christians of Nejrān
  summary: The footnote recounts that Dhū-Nuwās burnt the Christians of Nejrān in
    a fiery trench when they refused to forsake their faith.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: scene:2
  label: Abraham delivered from fire
  summary: The footnote recounts that Abraham was cast into fire by Nimrod for refusing
    image-worship and was saved from it.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: scene:3
  label: Destruction of ʿĀd
  summary: The footnote states that ʿĀd refused Hūd and were destroyed by an eight
    days' tempest.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: scene:4
  label: Adam names and repents
  summary: The notes describe Adam being instructed by God to name all things, angels
    failing to do so, and Adam and Eve confessing sin with contrition.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  - fig:11
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:11
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:14
- id: scene:5
  label: Ascent at the extreme lote-tree
  summary: At the extreme lote-tree in the highest heaven, Gabriel could go no further,
    while Muḥammad continued to God's presence; another note names Burāq as the angelic
    steed of the night journey.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:11
  - fig:12
  - fig:13
  - fig:14
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:7
  - sym:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
- id: scene:6
  label: Cosmic sign of judgment
  summary: The moon is said to have split in two as a sign of the approaching day
    of judgment.
  figure_refs: []
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: afterlife topography of gardens and hell-gates
  taxonomy_refs:
  - afterlife_journey_map
  basis: The notes mention recurring Qur'anic gardens beneath which rivers flow and
    seven Gates of Hell.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:3
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage is explanatory footnote material rather than a continuous
    mythic narrative.
- id: motif:2
  label: fiery persecution for steadfast faith
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacrifice
  basis: The Christians of Nejrān are said to be burnt in a fiery trench after refusing
    to forsake their faith.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The note describes martyr-like persecution, but does not explicitly frame
    the event as ritual sacrifice.
- id: motif:3
  label: miraculous deliverance from fire
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: Abraham is saved from fire after refusing to worship an image.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The available taxonomy has no exact 'deliverance from fire' family; divine
    judgment is an approximate broader fit.
- id: motif:4
  label: destruction of unbelieving people by storm
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: ʿĀd refuse the prophet Hūd and are destroyed by an eight days' tempest.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  confidence: high
  cautions: The extract gives only a brief footnote summary.
- id: motif:5
  label: first human naming through divine instruction
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: Adam, instructed by God, names all things while angels are unable to do so.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  confidence: high
  cautions: The motif is presented in a note explaining an allusion.
- id: motif:6
  label: forbidden plant and penitent confession
  taxonomy_refs:
  - forbidden_knowledge
  basis: The note discusses the plant associated with Adam and states that Adam and
    Eve confessed sin with contrition.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:14
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The footnote stresses uncertainty over the plant's identification; it
    does not narrate the full temptation scene.
- id: motif:7
  label: ascent beyond angelic boundary
  taxonomy_refs:
  - ascent
  - mystical_quest
  basis: Gabriel stops at the extreme lote-tree in the highest heaven, while Muḥammad
    proceeds to God's presence, with Burāq named as the heavenly mount.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
  confidence: high
  cautions: The note summarizes an ascension tradition but does not provide the full
    narrative.
- id: motif:8
  label: cosmic sign before final judgment
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The moon splitting in two is explained as a sign of the near approach of
    the day of judgment.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage provides only the sign and its judgment context.
- id: motif:9
  label: preordained decrees on a heavenly tablet
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: The hidden tablet is identified as the tablet of God's decrees.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The taxonomy fit is general; the note does not expand the motif beyond
    the object and its function.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: The translator explicitly compares Qur'anic commentary glosses identifying
    Adam's plant as wheat to the familiar 'apple' gloss in another tradition.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: Adamic forbidden-plant glosses, including the 'apple' gloss noted by the
    translator
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:14
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The comparison is limited to the identification of the plant in commentary
    or later gloss; the passage does not compare complete narratives.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: quote
  locator: lines 14917-14918; footnote [122]
  quote_or_summary: "“Gardens beneath which rivers flow” is described as a recurring
    Qur'anic expression."
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/sufi/project-gutenberg/mesnevi-book-1-redhouse.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation used.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14931-14934; footnote [125]
  quote_or_summary: Dhū-Nuwās, a Jewish king of Yaman, burnt the Christians of Nejrān
    in a fiery trench when they refused to forsake their faith.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/sufi/project-gutenberg/mesnevi-book-1-redhouse.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14936-14938; footnote [126]
  quote_or_summary: The notes cite Qur'anic references to the Gates of Hell and a
    commentary saying they are seven.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/sufi/project-gutenberg/mesnevi-book-1-redhouse.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14946-14948; footnote [128]
  quote_or_summary: Abraham was saved from the fire into which Nimrod cast him after
    he refused to worship an image.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/sufi/project-gutenberg/mesnevi-book-1-redhouse.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14959-14962; footnote [132]
  quote_or_summary: ʿĀd refused the prophet Hūd and were destroyed by an eight days'
    tempest.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/sufi/project-gutenberg/mesnevi-book-1-redhouse.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: line 14985; footnote [144]
  quote_or_summary: ʿAzrāʾīl is identified as the angel of death who takes men's souls.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/sufi/project-gutenberg/mesnevi-book-1-redhouse.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14987-14988; footnote [145]
  quote_or_summary: Solomon is said to have possessed power over the wind.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/sufi/project-gutenberg/mesnevi-book-1-redhouse.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: lines 15000-15006; footnotes [150]-[151]
  quote_or_summary: Adam, instructed by God, named all things; the angels could not
    and were silenced. The note also mentions Satan and temptation in connection with
    an old hermit question.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/sufi/project-gutenberg/mesnevi-book-1-redhouse.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: lines 15008-15009; footnote [152]
  quote_or_summary: The story of the dog of the Sleepers is said to be told in Qur'ān
    xviii. 17-21.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/sufi/project-gutenberg/mesnevi-book-1-redhouse.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:10
  type: summary
  locator: lines 15014-15015; footnote [154]
  quote_or_summary: The hidden tablet is described as the tablet of God's decrees.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/sufi/project-gutenberg/mesnevi-book-1-redhouse.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:11
  type: summary
  locator: lines 15017-15019; footnote [155]
  quote_or_summary: At the extreme lote-tree in the highest heaven, Gabriel could
    go no further, while Muḥammad continued to God's presence.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/sufi/project-gutenberg/mesnevi-book-1-redhouse.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:12
  type: summary
  locator: lines 15024-15026; footnote [157]
  quote_or_summary: Burāq is identified as the angelic steed on which Muḥammad mounted
    to heaven in the night journey.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/sufi/project-gutenberg/mesnevi-book-1-redhouse.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:13
  type: summary
  locator: lines 15028-15029; footnote [158]
  quote_or_summary: The moon split in two as a sign of the near approach of the day
    of judgment.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/sufi/project-gutenberg/mesnevi-book-1-redhouse.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:14
  type: summary
  locator: lines 15064-15068; footnotes [173]-[174]
  quote_or_summary: The plant connected with Adam is called a caulescent plant; wheat
    is one gloss, compared by the translator to 'apple.' Adam and Eve confess sin
    with contrition and receive eventual pardon.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/sufi/project-gutenberg/mesnevi-book-1-redhouse.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized with one short quoted word.
- id: ev:15
  type: quote
  locator: line 14977; footnote [140]
  quote_or_summary: "“Flees the snake, and meets a dragon.”"
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/sufi/project-gutenberg/mesnevi-book-1-redhouse.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation used.
- id: ev:16
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14913-14915; footnote [121]
  quote_or_summary: The Qur'anic chapter name is explained as meaning 'the Towers'
    and also applying to the signs of the Zodiac.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/sufi/project-gutenberg/mesnevi-book-1-redhouse.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:17
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14923-14926; footnote [124]
  quote_or_summary: The notes state that Islam is termed God's Baptism in Qur'ān ii.
    132 and that God's curse is invoked on sinners in several passages.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/sufi/project-gutenberg/mesnevi-book-1-redhouse.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: medium
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: medium
  notes: The line range consists of explanatory footnotes rather than a continuous
    primary narrative, so motifs are extracted as allusions and summarized traditional
    episodes identified by the translator.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-29'
notes: |-
  Only the provided passage and metadata were used. Taxonomy references were limited to supplied motif families and symbols.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:sufi-rumi-mesnevi-book-1-redhouse-gutenberg__l14913-l15087
  passage_sha256=ae6f60ad949086a15a87d2e008035f88f0b35b95355c777f51edb788c71d7483