batch.motif.hindu-mahabharata-dutt-gutenberg-l5799-l5939
---
record_id: batch.motif.hindu-mahabharata-dutt-gutenberg-l5799-l5939
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/hindu/project-gutenberg/mahabharata-dutt.md
passage_locator:
label: BOOK IX / DRONA-BADHA / BOOK X / KARNA-BADHA; lines 5799-5939
start: '5799'
end: '5939'
translation: Maha-bharata
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: Kripa counsels Duryodhan to spare the surviving brothers and return Yudhishthir's
kingdom, but Duryodhan refuses peace as too late. Yudhishthir organizes the Pandav
force and kills Salya. Sakuni and Duryodhan's brothers are slain, and Duryodhan
flees to a lake. The Pandavs track him, Bhima recalls past wrongs, and Bhima and
Duryodhan duel with maces until Bhima breaks Duryodhan's thigh. A voice resounds
through sky and earth, beings tremble, and darkness falls while hatred remains.
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: Kripa urges Duryodhan to let the few survivors live, to return Yudhishthir's
ancient kingdom, and to end the war among kinsmen.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: Duryodhan acknowledges Kripa's wisdom but says peace is too late because wrongs,
vows, deaths, and insults demand blood.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:3
text: Duryodhan refuses to sue for favor or flee after his warriors have died and
places Salya at the head of the army.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:4
text: Yudhishthir declares he will end the strife by slaying the last Kuru chieftains
or surrendering throne and life, and assigns positions to Satyaki, Drupad's son,
Bhima, Arjun, and himself.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:5
text: Yudhishthir fights Salya; Salya's standard falls, Salya kills Yudhishthir's
white horses, and Yudhishthir kills Salya with a dart to the heart.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:6
text: Sahadeva kills Sakuni, Bhima kills Duryodhan's brothers, and Duryodhan flees
pale and panting from the battlefield.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:7
text: Duryodhan takes shelter beside a dark, limpid lake, and the sons of Pandu
track him there like hunters tracking a wild beast.
category: setting
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:8
text: Duryodhan challenges the sons of Pandu, saying he will fight them all and
that either he or they will fall that evening.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:9
text: Bhima insists that Duryodhan fight him alone and recites past offenses including
the Varnavata fire plot, the loaded dice, Draupadi's insult, and deaths of Bhishma,
Drona, and Karna.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: obs:10
text: Bhima and Duryodhan fight with maces, are compared to bulls and tuskers, bleed,
and remain matched until Bhima remembers his vow and breaks Duryodhan's thigh.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: obs:11
text: After Duryodhan falls, a voice resounds through the sky and earth; beasts,
birds, men, and heavenly Siddhas tremble, and darkness falls on the battle.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- id: obs:12
text: The passage closes by saying the slaughter is not ended with the day and that
feud and anger continue in descendants' blood.
category: other
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: Kripa
description: A warrior and wise preceptor who counsels Duryodhan toward concord
and peace.
role_refs:
- role:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: Duryodhan
description: Kuru leader who refuses peace, flees after his allies are slain, shelters
by a lake, challenges the Pandavs, and falls when Bhima breaks his thigh.
role_refs:
- role:2
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:6
- ev:7
- ev:8
- ev:10
- ev:11
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: Yudhishthir
description: Pandav elder described as good and sad; he leads the battle center
and kills Salya with a dart.
role_refs:
- role:3
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: Salya
description: Valiant king of Madra and leader of Duryodhan's host, killed by Yudhishthir.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:5
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: Bhima
description: Pandav warrior who fights in the front, kills Duryodhan's brothers,
challenges Duryodhan alone, and breaks Duryodhan's thigh with a mace attack.
role_refs:
- role:4
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:6
- ev:9
- ev:10
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: Sakuni
description: Named as the deceiver associated with loaded dice and later killed
by Sahadeva.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:6
- ev:9
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: Sahadeva
description: Pandav brother who kills Sakuni.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: Arjun
description: Pandav warrior assigned to guard the rear and named by Duryodhan as
vengeful over Abhimanyu's death.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:4
- id: fig:9
name_or_label: Satyaki
description: Faithful warrior assigned to protect Yudhishthir's right.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: fig:10
name_or_label: Drupad's son
description: Warrior assigned to guard Yudhishthir's left.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: fig:11
name_or_label: Draupadi
description: Queen whose insult is recalled as a cause of enduring anger and vengeance.
role_refs:
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:9
- id: fig:12
name_or_label: Subhadra
description: Woman described as mourning her departed son and feeding Draupadi's
anger.
role_refs:
- role:10
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:13
name_or_label: Heavenly Siddhas
description: Heavenly beings who tremble at the cry after Duryodhan falls.
role_refs:
- role:11
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
roles:
- id: role:1
label: peace-counselor
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: Kripa advises sparing survivors, restoring the kingdom, and ending the war.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:2
label: refuser of late concord
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: Duryodhan says Kripa's counsel is true but too late and refuses to sue for
favor.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- id: role:3
label: rightful-kingdom claimant
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: Kripa urges restoration of Yudhishthir's ancient kingdom, and Yudhishthir
stakes throne and life on battle.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:4
- id: role:4
label: Pandav-side warrior
assigned_to:
- fig:3
- fig:5
- fig:7
- fig:8
- fig:9
- fig:10
basis: These figures are positioned or act on the Pandav side in the battle.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:6
- id: role:5
label: Kuru-side army leader slain in battle
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: Duryodhan names Salya leader of the host, and Yudhishthir kills him.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:5
- id: role:6
label: fallen foe tracked to refuge
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: Duryodhan flees the field, shelters by a lake, and is tracked by the sons
of Pandu.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:7
- id: role:7
label: vow-bound avenger
assigned_to:
- fig:5
basis: Bhima recalls past wrongs and remembers his vow before striking Duryodhan's
thigh.
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- ev:10
- id: role:8
label: deceiver by dice
assigned_to:
- fig:6
basis: Sakuni is associated with cheating through loaded dice.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:9
- id: role:9
label: insulted queen whose wrong demands vengeance
assigned_to:
- fig:11
basis: Draupadi's insult and anger are described as requiring blood and punishment.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:9
- id: role:10
label: mourner of slain son
assigned_to:
- fig:12
basis: Subhadra is said to weep morning and evening for her departed son.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: role:11
label: heavenly witnesses to ominous fall
assigned_to:
- fig:13
basis: The Siddhas tremble at the fatal cry after Duryodhan falls.
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: ancient kingdom and throne
literal_form: Yudhishthir's kingdom and throne
associated_figures:
- fig:2
- fig:3
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:4
- id: sym:2
label: blood as payment for insult
literal_form: blood washing wrongs and Draupadi's insult
associated_figures:
- fig:2
- fig:11
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: sym:3
label: fallen standard
literal_form: Salya's mighty battle standard falling with a thunderous crash
associated_figures:
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: sym:4
label: fatal dart
literal_form: Yudhishthir's dart sinking into Salya's heart
associated_figures:
- fig:3
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: sym:5
label: dark limpid lake
literal_form: dark and limpid lake used as Duryodhan's shelter
associated_figures:
- fig:2
taxonomy_refs:
- water
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: sym:6
label: Varnavata fire plot
literal_form: fire intended to consume the Pandavs in the halls of Varnavata
associated_figures:
- fig:2
- fig:5
taxonomy_refs:
- fire
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: sym:7
label: maces throwing sparks
literal_form: sparks of fire from the maces of Bhima and Duryodhan
associated_figures:
- fig:2
- fig:5
taxonomy_refs:
- fire
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: sym:8
label: broken thigh
literal_form: Duryodhan's thigh broken by Bhima's mace attack
associated_figures:
- fig:2
- fig:5
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: sym:9
label: sky voice and trembling beings
literal_form: voice resounding through sky and earth, with beasts, birds, men, and
Siddhas trembling
associated_figures:
- fig:2
- fig:13
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Kripa's peace counsel and Duryodhan's refusal
summary: Kripa urges peace and restoration of Yudhishthir's kingdom; Duryodhan says
the advice is wise but too late because old injuries and deaths have made bloodshed
unavoidable.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:5
- fig:6
- fig:8
- fig:11
- fig:12
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:3
- id: scene:2
label: Yudhishthir leads the final battle center
summary: Yudhishthir positions the Pandav warriors and vows to end the conflict
by killing the last Kuru chiefs or surrendering throne and life.
figure_refs:
- fig:3
- fig:5
- fig:8
- fig:9
- fig:10
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: scene:3
label: Death of Salya
summary: Yudhishthir and Salya battle fiercely; Salya's standard and Yudhishthir's
horses fall, and Yudhishthir kills Salya with a dart.
figure_refs:
- fig:3
- fig:4
symbol_refs:
- sym:3
- sym:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: scene:4
label: Collapse of Duryodhan's side
summary: Sakuni and Duryodhan's brothers are slain, after which Duryodhan flees
the battlefield.
figure_refs:
- fig:2
- fig:5
- fig:6
- fig:7
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: scene:5
label: Duryodhan found at the lake
summary: Duryodhan takes refuge beside a dark lake, and the Pandavs track him there;
he challenges them to a final fight.
figure_refs:
- fig:2
symbol_refs:
- sym:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:8
- id: scene:6
label: Bhima's accusation and mace duel
summary: Bhima recalls past wrongs and demands single combat; Bhima and Duryodhan
duel with maces until Bhima strikes Duryodhan's thigh and fells him.
figure_refs:
- fig:2
- fig:5
- fig:6
- fig:11
symbol_refs:
- sym:6
- sym:7
- sym:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- ev:10
- id: scene:7
label: Ominous fall and lingering hatred
summary: After Duryodhan falls, a voice resounds through sky and earth, living and
heavenly beings tremble, darkness falls, and the passage states that feud and
anger continue.
figure_refs:
- fig:2
- fig:13
symbol_refs:
- sym:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- ev:12
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: late peace counsel refused before final destruction
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Kripa urges peace and restoration, but Duryodhan refuses because vengeance,
vows, and losses have made reconciliation impossible.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:3
confidence: high
cautions: Plain passage motif; no supplied taxonomy family precisely matches it.
- id: motif:2
label: kingdom and throne as cause of kin-strife
taxonomy_refs:
- royal_legitimacy
basis: The passage repeatedly frames conflict around Yudhishthir's lost ancient
kingdom and the throne staked in battle.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:4
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage supports a succession/kingdom dispute, but does not give a
full legitimacy doctrine here.
- id: motif:3
label: vengeance for insult and prior deceit
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: 'Duryodhan and Bhima both present the war and duel as consequences of remembered
wrongs: dice-cheating, Draupadi''s insult, murders or deaths, and vows.'
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:9
- ev:10
confidence: high
cautions: No specific available motif-family taxonomy ref is assigned.
- id: motif:4
label: heroic single combat between matched rivals
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Bhima and Duryodhan fight in a climactic mace duel, matched in strength,
until Bhima's vowed strike decides the combat.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:9
- ev:10
confidence: high
cautions: The blow is explicitly called foul as well as fatal, so the motif includes
moral ambiguity.
- id: motif:5
label: fallen warrior's death marked by cosmic or supernatural signs
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: Duryodhan's fall is followed by a voice resounding through sky and earth,
trembling beings, and darkness.
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage gives supernatural signs but does not explicitly interpret
the voice as judgment; taxonomy assignment is cautious.
- id: motif:6
label: refuge beside water before final confrontation
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Duryodhan withdraws from battle to a dark, limpid lake and is tracked there
by the Pandavs before the duel.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:8
confidence: medium
cautions: The lake is a literal setting in this excerpt; no broader water-symbol
interpretation is stated.
- id: motif:7
label: ancestral feud continuing through bloodline
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The passage ends by saying feud and the father's anger course in the children's
blood after the battle day closes.
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
confidence: high
cautions: This is a closing generalization within the passage, not a full genealogical
episode.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: 5799-5804
quote_or_summary: Kripa urges that the few survivors and brothers live, asks for
Yudhishthir's ancient kingdom to be returned, and asks that the war of kinsmen
cease.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/hindu/project-gutenberg/mahabharata-dutt.md
rights_note: Public domain source; brief summary.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: 5805-5832
quote_or_summary: Duryodhan calls Kripa wise but says concord is too late; he cites
Yudhishthir's lost throne, Bhima's vow, Arjun's anger over Abhimanyu, Draupadi's
insult, Subhadra's mourning, and blood as the answer to wrongs.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/hindu/project-gutenberg/mahabharata-dutt.md
rights_note: Public domain source; brief summary.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: 5833-5848
quote_or_summary: Duryodhan refuses to flee or bow after his warriors have died,
says he seeks no favor even at death, and names Salya of Madra to lead the host.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/hindu/project-gutenberg/mahabharata-dutt.md
rights_note: Public domain source; brief summary.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: 5849-5864
quote_or_summary: Yudhishthir addresses the Pandav force, says he will end the strife
or surrender throne and life, and assigns Satyaki, Drupad's son, Bhima, Arjun,
and himself to battle positions.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/hindu/project-gutenberg/mahabharata-dutt.md
rights_note: Public domain source; brief summary.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: 5865-5884
quote_or_summary: Yudhishthir fights Salya; Salya's standard falls, Salya kills
Yudhishthir's white horses, and Yudhishthir kills Salya with a dart in the heart.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/hindu/project-gutenberg/mahabharata-dutt.md
rights_note: Public domain source; brief summary.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: 5885-5890
quote_or_summary: After Salya dies, Sahadeva kills Sakuni, Bhima kills Duryodhan's
brothers, and Duryodhan flees from the field.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/hindu/project-gutenberg/mahabharata-dutt.md
rights_note: Public domain source; brief summary.
- id: ev:7
type: summary
locator: 5891-5898
quote_or_summary: Duryodhan shelters by a dark, limpid lake, and the sons of Pandu
track him there like hunters tracking a wild beast.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/hindu/project-gutenberg/mahabharata-dutt.md
rights_note: Public domain source; brief summary.
- id: ev:8
type: summary
locator: 5899-5904
quote_or_summary: Duryodhan invokes the gods as witness, recalls lifelong enmity,
and challenges the sons of Pandu to a final fight.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/hindu/project-gutenberg/mahabharata-dutt.md
rights_note: Public domain source; brief summary.
- id: ev:9
type: summary
locator: 5905-5920
quote_or_summary: Bhima says Duryodhan must fight him alone and recalls the Varnavata
fire plot, loaded dice, Draupadi's insult, and the deaths of Bhishma, Drona, and
Karna.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/hindu/project-gutenberg/mahabharata-dutt.md
rights_note: Public domain source; brief summary.
- id: ev:10
type: summary
locator: 5921-5930
quote_or_summary: Bhima and Duryodhan are compared to raging bulls, tuskers, Indra,
and Yama; their maces shoot sparks, both bleed, and Bhima breaks Duryodhan's thigh
after remembering his vow.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/hindu/project-gutenberg/mahabharata-dutt.md
rights_note: Public domain source; brief summary.
- id: ev:11
type: summary
locator: 5931-5936
quote_or_summary: As Duryodhan falls, a voice resounds through sky and earth; beasts,
birds, men, and heavenly Siddhas tremble, and darkness falls on the battle.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/hindu/project-gutenberg/mahabharata-dutt.md
rights_note: Public domain source; brief summary.
- id: ev:12
type: summary
locator: 5937-5939
quote_or_summary: The passage states that slaughter has not ended with the day and
that feud and a father's anger continue in the children's blood.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/hindu/project-gutenberg/mahabharata-dutt.md
rights_note: Public domain source; brief summary.
confidence:
extraction: high
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: high
notes: Literal extraction is strong for the supplied passage. Motif labels are passage-level
and cautious; only available taxonomy refs with direct support were used. No comparison
claims were made because the passage itself does not support an external comparative
claim.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
All evidence is summarized from the provided public-domain passage; no external information was used.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:hindu-mahabharata-dutt-gutenberg__l5799-l5939
passage_sha256=b53ea11a1fb4d226ee929a52d8bc0f99f36928d5ed482525bd3203753687090f