batch.motif.hindu-mahabharata-dutt-gutenberg-l4680-l4828
---
record_id: batch.motif.hindu-mahabharata-dutt-gutenberg-l4680-l4828
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/hindu/project-gutenberg/mahabharata-dutt.md
passage_locator:
label: BOOK VIII / BHISHMA-BADHA / BOOK IX / DRONA-BADHA; lines 4680-4828
start: '4680'
end: '4828'
translation: Maha-bharata
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: After Bhishma's fall, Drona becomes leader of the Kuru forces and vows
to capture Yudhishthir. Arjun promises to protect Yudhishthir while refusing to
slay his sacred preceptor. The passage narrates Abhimanyu's combat with Paurava
and Jayadratha, Bhima's mace duel with Salya, Drona's continued drive toward Yudhishthir,
Arjun's intervention, and the next day's fighting in which Drona defeats Panchala
warriors. It closes with a description of Pandav warriors' horses, chariots, and
standards.
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: Drona is appointed leader of the Kuru forces after Bhishma falls.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: Drona pledges to take Yudhishthir captive for Duryodhan.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:3
text: Arjun says the preceptor's life is sacred and that he may not slay his teacher
in battle.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:4
text: Arjun promises to protect Yudhishthir and says Drona will not reach him except
over Arjun's blood.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:5
text: Abhimanyu drags Paurava from his chariot by the hair.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:6
text: Jayadratha comes to aid Paurava; Abhimanyu turns from his captive and fights
Jayadratha with sword and buckler.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:7
text: Jayadratha's sword breaks against Abhimanyu's buckler, and Jayadratha retreats
to his chariot.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:8
text: Bhima and Salya fight face to face with maces; both fall after many blows,
and Salya is carried from the field.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:9
text: Arjun hears that Drona is taking Yudhishthir captive, comes quickly, blows
his conch, and drives into the battle.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:10
text: Dhrishta-dyumna bends his bow against Drona, who is named as his father's
ancient foe.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:11
text: Drona defeats Satyajit, another Panchala prince, who fights his father's foe
and falls.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:12
text: The Pandav warriors are described as arriving in varied chariots with horses
of different colors and known standards.
category: object
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: Drona
description: Brahman chief, preceptor of the Kuru and Pandav princes, leader of
the Kuru forces after Bhishma's fall.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:2
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:7
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: Yudhishthir
description: Virtuous elder and monarch whom Drona seeks to capture and whom Arjun
promises to protect.
role_refs:
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:6
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: Arjun
description: Pandav warrior who reveres Drona as teacher, pledges to protect Yudhishthir,
and later intervenes in battle.
role_refs:
- role:4
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:6
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: Abhimanyu
description: Arjun's son, a youthful chieftain who captures Paurava and fights Jayadratha.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: Paurava
description: A chief dragged from his chariot by Abhimanyu and left when Jayadratha
intervenes.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: Jayadratha
description: King of Sindhu who comes to Paurava's relief and fights Abhimanyu before
retreating to his car.
role_refs:
- role:6
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: Salya
description: King of Madra, rescuer in the Abhimanyu-Jayadratha episode, and mace
fighter against Bhima.
role_refs:
- role:6
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: Bhima
description: Pandav warrior and peerless mace fighter who battles Salya and rises
after both fall.
role_refs:
- role:6
- role:10
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:8
- id: fig:9
name_or_label: Duryodhan
description: Kuru lord to whom Drona intends to bring Yudhishthir captive.
role_refs:
- role:11
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:6
- id: fig:10
name_or_label: Dhrishta-dyumna
description: Prince of Panchala who marks Drona as his father's ancient foe and
bends his bow against him.
role_refs:
- role:8
- role:12
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: fig:11
name_or_label: Satyajit
description: Panchala prince who fights Drona as his father's foe and is slain by
him.
role_refs:
- role:8
- role:12
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: fig:12
name_or_label: Nakula
description: Pandav warrior whose chariot is drawn by parrot-green Kamboja horses.
role_refs:
- role:13
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: fig:13
name_or_label: Sahadeva
description: Pandav warrior who reins piebald horses trained to battle.
role_refs:
- role:13
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
roles:
- id: role:1
label: preceptor
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: Drona is called the preceptor of the Kuru and Pandav princes and Arjun's
teacher.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:3
- id: role:2
label: Kuru commander
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: Drona is appointed leader of the Kuru forces after Bhishma falls.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:3
label: protected king targeted for capture
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: Drona vows to capture Yudhishthir, and Arjun pledges to protect him.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:6
- id: role:4
label: disciple constrained by reverence
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: Arjun says the acharya's life is sacred and that he may not slay his teacher.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: role:5
label: protector of elder king
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: Arjun stakes his word for Yudhishthir's safety and later comes when Yudhishthir
is threatened.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:6
- id: role:6
label: battle champion
assigned_to:
- fig:4
- fig:6
- fig:7
- fig:8
basis: These figures are shown engaging in prominent close combats or warrior actions.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: role:7
label: captured warrior
assigned_to:
- fig:5
basis: Paurava is dragged from his chariot by Abhimanyu.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: role:8
label: participant in inherited feud
assigned_to:
- fig:1
- fig:10
- fig:11
basis: Drona is described as an ancient or father's foe of Panchala warriors who
attack him.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: role:9
label: rescuer in battle
assigned_to:
- fig:6
- fig:7
basis: Jayadratha comes to Paurava's relief, and Salya comes to Jayadratha's rescue.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: role:10
label: mace fighter
assigned_to:
- fig:8
- fig:7
basis: Bhima and Salya stand face to face as peerless fighters with the mace.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: role:11
label: Kuru lord receiving captive
assigned_to:
- fig:9
basis: Drona seeks to take Yudhishthir captive to Duryodhan, Kuru's lord.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:6
- id: role:12
label: Panchala prince opposing father's foe
assigned_to:
- fig:10
- fig:11
basis: Dhrishta-dyumna and Satyajit are Panchala princes who fight Drona as a father's
ancient foe.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: role:13
label: identified by horses and chariot
assigned_to:
- fig:12
- fig:13
- fig:8
- fig:2
basis: The passage identifies these Pandav warriors by the horses or chariot teams
they use.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: sacred preceptor's life
literal_form: Drona's life described as sacred because he is acharya and teacher
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:3
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: sym:2
label: mace duel weapons
literal_form: maces with hempen fastenings and twisted gold wire
associated_figures:
- fig:7
- fig:8
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: sym:3
label: red fire sparks
literal_form: sparks of red fire issuing from the seasoned wooden maces
associated_figures:
- fig:7
- fig:8
taxonomy_refs:
- fire
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: sym:4
label: wounded serpent image
literal_form: Salya writhing like a wounded serpent as he is lifted from the battlefield
associated_figures:
- fig:7
taxonomy_refs:
- serpent
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: sym:5
label: sankha battle conch
literal_form: Arjun's shrill and dreaded sankha blown as he enters the battle
associated_figures:
- fig:3
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: sym:6
label: battle standards and colored horses
literal_form: various standards, chariots, and horses of different hues identifying
warriors
associated_figures:
- fig:2
- fig:8
- fig:12
- fig:13
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: sym:7
label: milk of mother
literal_form: Abhimanyu's deeds are fired by father's blood and milk of mother
associated_figures:
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs:
- milk
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Drona assumes command and vows capture
summary: After Bhishma falls, Drona leads the Kuru forces and promises to capture
Yudhishthir for Duryodhan.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:9
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: scene:2
label: Arjun's vow before Yudhishthir
summary: Arjun declares that he will not kill his sacred teacher Drona, but he pledges
to defend Yudhishthir against him.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: scene:3
label: Abhimanyu, Paurava, and Jayadratha
summary: Abhimanyu captures Paurava, then fights Jayadratha when Jayadratha intervenes;
Jayadratha's sword breaks and he retreats.
figure_refs:
- fig:4
- fig:5
- fig:6
symbol_refs:
- sym:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: scene:4
label: Bhima and Salya's mace combat
summary: Salya comes to the rescue, Bhima engages him, and the two mace fighters
strike each other until both fall; Salya is carried away.
figure_refs:
- fig:7
- fig:8
symbol_refs:
- sym:2
- sym:3
- sym:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: scene:5
label: Drona presses toward Yudhishthir and Arjun intervenes
summary: Drona continues trying to capture Yudhishthir; Arjun hears the alarm, enters
the battle in haste, blows his conch, and the fighting grows fiercer until evening.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
symbol_refs:
- sym:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: scene:6
label: Panchala warriors confront Drona
summary: Dhrishta-dyumna and then Satyajit oppose Drona because of an inherited
enmity, but Drona drives through the foes and kills Satyajit.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:10
- fig:11
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: scene:7
label: Pandav standards and mounts
summary: Pandav warriors arrive with varied chariots, horses, and standards that
distinguish them in battle.
figure_refs:
- fig:2
- fig:8
- fig:12
- fig:13
symbol_refs:
- sym:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: Warrior refuses to slay revered teacher
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Arjun explicitly states that Drona, his acharya, is sacred and may not be
slain by him even in mortal conflict.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
confidence: high
cautions: The passage presents the ethical constraint directly but does not elaborate
a full doctrinal interpretation.
- id: motif:2
label: Vow and counter-vow over a king's capture
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Drona pledges to capture Yudhishthir, while Arjun pledges to protect Yudhishthir
from Drona.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:6
confidence: high
cautions: This is a battle-plot motif in the passage; no broader comparative taxonomy
is asserted.
- id: motif:3
label: Heroic single combat with matched weapons
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Bhima and Salya are described as peerless mace fighters standing face to
face and striking until both fall.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
confidence: high
cautions: The motif is limited to the explicit duel episode.
- id: motif:4
label: Inherited enmity against father's foe
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Panchala princes confront Drona because he is associated with their father's
ancient enmity; Satyajit fights and dies against his father's foe.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage names the feud but gives little background in this excerpt.
- id: motif:5
label: Warriors identified by standards, mounts, and chariots
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The passage emphasizes various chariots, colored horses, and standards by
which the warring nations know the chieftains.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
confidence: medium
cautions: Only the beginning of the standards catalogue is present in the supplied
passage.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: lines 4680-4691
quote_or_summary: After Bhishma's fall, Drona, preceptor of Kuru and Pandav princes,
is appointed leader of the Kuru forces; the book summary notes his later killing
by the Panchala prince.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/hindu/project-gutenberg/mahabharata-dutt.md
rights_note: Public domain source metadata; summarized.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: lines 4699-4702
quote_or_summary: Drona leads the Kuru forces and gives a solemn word that he will
take Yudhishthir captive to the Kuru lord at Hastina.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/hindu/project-gutenberg/mahabharata-dutt.md
rights_note: Public domain source metadata; summarized.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: lines 4703-4714
quote_or_summary: Arjun bows to Yudhishthir, says the acharya's life is sacred and
he cannot slay his teacher, but pledges his weapons for Yudhishthir's safety.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/hindu/project-gutenberg/mahabharata-dutt.md
rights_note: Public domain source metadata; summarized.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: lines 4719-4742
quote_or_summary: Abhimanyu, Arjun's son, drags Paurava from a chariot; Jayadratha
aids Paurava, fights Abhimanyu with sword and buckler, breaks his sword, and retreats.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/hindu/project-gutenberg/mahabharata-dutt.md
rights_note: Public domain source metadata; summarized.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: lines 4743-4772
quote_or_summary: Salya comes as rescuer; Bhima attacks him. Bhima and Salya fight
with maces, producing sparks, are compared to animals and thunder, both fall,
and Salya is carried off writhing like a wounded serpent.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/hindu/project-gutenberg/mahabharata-dutt.md
rights_note: Public domain source metadata; summarized.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: lines 4773-4792
quote_or_summary: Drona continues trying to capture Yudhishthir; other warriors
fail to stop him; Arjun hears the alarm, arrives with milk-white horses, blows
his sankha, and enters the thick of battle before evening.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/hindu/project-gutenberg/mahabharata-dutt.md
rights_note: Public domain source metadata; summarized.
- id: ev:7
type: summary
locator: lines 4795-4818
quote_or_summary: On the next morning Drona attacks around Yudhishthir. Dhrishta-dyumna
targets Drona as his father's ancient foe; Drona drives through foes and kills
Satyajit, another Panchala prince fighting his father's foe.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/hindu/project-gutenberg/mahabharata-dutt.md
rights_note: Public domain source metadata; summarized.
- id: ev:8
type: summary
locator: lines 4819-4828
quote_or_summary: Pandav warriors approach in varied battle chariots with horses
of different colors and standards known among the warring nations, including teams
for Bhima, Nakula, Sahadeva, and Yudhishthir.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/hindu/project-gutenberg/mahabharata-dutt.md
rights_note: Public domain source metadata; summarized.
confidence:
extraction: high
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: uncertain
notes: Named figures and actions are explicit in the passage. Motif labels are descriptive
and not mapped to taxonomy families except for directly available symbol labels.
No comparison claims were made because the supplied passage does not itself support
a specific external comparison.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
Extraction uses only the supplied passage and metadata; quotes are avoided in favor of concise summaries.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:hindu-mahabharata-dutt-gutenberg__l4680-l4828
passage_sha256=bf30b3f95b13bdb96bc1a90fbeb75cf8bbe0729ba6b9ccfa758e704ecf3fa40c