Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.celtic-welsh-mabinogion-guest-gutenberg-l5346-l5386

batch.motif.celtic-welsh-mabinogion-guest-gutenberg-l5346-l5386

---
record_id: batch.motif.celtic-welsh-mabinogion-guest-gutenberg-l5346-l5386
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
passage_locator:
  label: C. E. G. / THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN / PEREDUR THE SON OF EVRAWC / GERAINT
    THE SON OF ERBIN; lines 5346-5386
  start: '5346'
  end: '5386'
  translation: The Mabinogion
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: 'Arthur seeks the remaining marvel: the blood of the witch Orddu at a cave
    on the confines of Hell. Several warriors fail against the witch before Arthur
    kills her with his dagger, and Kaw keeps her blood. Kilhwch and his allies bring
    the marvels to Yspaddaden Penkawr; Kaw shaves Yspaddaden to the bone, Yspaddaden
    concedes Olwen, and Goreu beheads him. Kilhwch marries Olwen, and Arthur''s hosts
    disperse.'
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: Arthur asks whether any marvel remains unobtained, and one of his men identifies
    the blood of the witch Orddu as the remaining object.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: The witch Orddu is identified as daughter of the witch Orwen, from Pen Nant
    Govid, on the confines of Hell.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:3
  text: Arthur travels north to the place of the witch's cave.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:4
  text: Gwyn ab Nudd and Gwythyr advise Arthur to send Kacmwri and Hygwyd to fight
    the witch.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:5
  text: The witch seizes Hygwyd by the hair and throws him to the floor; Kacmwri pulls
    her down by the hair, but she drives both men out.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:6
  text: Gwyn and Gwythyr advise Arthur not to fight the hag himself and propose sending
    Hiramreu and Hireidil.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:7
  text: The four men who entered the cave are so disabled that they must be placed
    on Arthur's mare Llamrei.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:8
  text: Arthur strikes the witch at the cave door with Carnwennan, his dagger, and
    splits her in two.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:9
  text: Kaw of North Britain takes and keeps the witch's blood.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:10
  text: Kilhwch, Goreu, and others hostile to Yspaddaden bring the marvels to Yspaddaden's
    court.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:11
  text: Kaw shaves Yspaddaden's beard, skin, and flesh to the bone from ear to ear.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:12
  text: Yspaddaden says Olwen is Kilhwch's but that Arthur, not Yspaddaden, accomplished
    this; he adds that giving her means he loses his life.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:13
  text: Goreu drags Yspaddaden to the keep, cuts off his head, and places it on a
    stake on the citadel.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: obs:14
  text: Kilhwch marries Olwen that night, and Arthur's hosts disperse.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: Arthur
  description: Leader who seeks the remaining marvel, travels to the witch's cave,
    kills the witch with his dagger, and is credited by Yspaddaden with accomplishing
    Kilhwch's marriage claim.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:6
  - ev:9
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Orddu
  description: Witch, daughter of the witch Orwen, located at Pen Nant Govid on the
    confines of Hell; she fights Arthur's men and is killed by Arthur.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:3
  - ev:6
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Orwen
  description: Witch named as the mother of Orddu.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Gwyn ab Nudd
  description: Counsellor who advises Arthur concerning whom to send against the witch.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Gwythyr son of Greidawl
  description: Counsellor who advises Arthur concerning whom to send against the witch.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Kacmwri
  description: One of the first two sent into the cave to fight the witch; he pulls
    her down by the hair but is driven out.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Hygwyd
  description: Brother of Kacmwri; seized by the witch and thrown down in the cave.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Hiramreu
  description: One of the second pair sent to the cave; returns in worse trouble than
    the first pair.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Hireidil
  description: One of the second pair sent to the cave; returns in worse trouble than
    the first pair.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: Llamrei
  description: Arthur's mare on which the disabled men are placed.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:11
  name_or_label: Kaw of North Britain
  description: Man who keeps the witch's blood and later shaves Yspaddaden to the
    bone.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:8
- id: fig:12
  name_or_label: Kilhwch
  description: Suitor who brings the marvels to Yspaddaden's court, asks whether Olwen
    is his, and marries Olwen.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:9
  - ev:11
- id: fig:13
  name_or_label: Goreu son of Custennin
  description: Ally of Kilhwch who seizes Yspaddaden, drags him to the keep, beheads
    him, and displays the head.
  role_refs:
  - role:11
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:10
- id: fig:14
  name_or_label: Yspaddaden Penkawr
  description: Father of Olwen; after the marvels are brought to him and he is shaved,
    he concedes Olwen to Kilhwch and is killed by Goreu.
  role_refs:
  - role:12
  - role:13
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
- id: fig:15
  name_or_label: Olwen
  description: Daughter of Yspaddaden Penkawr who becomes Kilhwch's bride and wife.
  role_refs:
  - role:14
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:11
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: leader of the marvel-seeking party
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: Arthur asks about remaining marvels, goes to the cave, commands or receives
    counsel about sending men, and later his hosts disperse.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:11
- id: role:2
  label: slayer of the witch
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: Arthur strikes the witch with Carnwennan and cleaves her in two.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: role:3
  label: hostile witch guarding desired blood
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: Orddu's blood is the desired marvel, and she violently defeats the men sent
    into her cave.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:3
  - ev:5
- id: role:4
  label: cave-dwelling adversary
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: The action centers on her cave and the fight at its entrance.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:6
- id: role:5
  label: named mother
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: Orddu is called the daughter of the witch Orwen.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:6
  label: counsellor to Arthur
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  basis: Gwyn and Gwythyr advise Arthur about who should fight the witch and caution
    him not to enter the cave himself.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
- id: role:7
  label: failed combatant against the witch
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  basis: The four men sent against the witch are defeated or incapacitated.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:5
- id: role:8
  label: mount carrying incapacitated men
  assigned_to:
  - fig:10
  basis: The four defeated men are placed upon Llamrei, Arthur's mare.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:9
  label: collector and executor of marvel-task action
  assigned_to:
  - fig:11
  basis: Kaw keeps the witch's blood and later performs the shaving of Yspaddaden.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:8
- id: role:10
  label: suitor who obtains bride
  assigned_to:
  - fig:12
  basis: Kilhwch asks whether Yspaddaden's daughter is now his and later marries Olwen.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:11
- id: role:11
  label: avenger or executioner
  assigned_to:
  - fig:13
  basis: Goreu seizes, drags, beheads, and displays Yspaddaden's head.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: role:12
  label: bride's father and opponent
  assigned_to:
  - fig:14
  basis: Yspaddaden is Olwen's father and says he would never have given her willingly.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: role:13
  label: victim of beheading
  assigned_to:
  - fig:14
  basis: Goreu cuts off Yspaddaden's head and places it on a stake.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: role:14
  label: bride
  assigned_to:
  - fig:15
  basis: Olwen becomes Kilhwch's bride and wife.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: witch's cave
  literal_form: cave
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:1
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  taxonomy_refs:
  - cave
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:6
- id: sym:2
  label: blood of the witch
  literal_form: blood
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:11
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:6
- id: sym:3
  label: Carnwennan
  literal_form: dagger
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:4
  label: confines of Hell
  literal_form: boundary place associated with Hell
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:5
  label: severed head on a stake
  literal_form: head placed on a stake on the citadel
  associated_figures:
  - fig:13
  - fig:14
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: sym:6
  label: marvels brought to court
  literal_form: marvels obtained and delivered
  associated_figures:
  - fig:12
  - fig:13
  - fig:14
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Identification of the remaining marvel
  summary: Arthur asks whether any marvel is still unobtained, and a man names the
    blood of the witch Orddu from the confines of Hell.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: Failed attacks in the witch's cave
  summary: Arthur reaches the witch's cave; Gwyn and Gwythyr advise sending warriors.
    Kacmwri, Hygwyd, Hiramreu, and Hireidil are defeated or incapacitated by the witch.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: scene:3
  label: Arthur kills the witch and Kaw keeps the blood
  summary: Arthur strikes the witch at the cave door with Carnwennan, splits her in
    two, and Kaw takes and keeps her blood.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:11
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: scene:4
  label: Marvels delivered and Yspaddaden shaved
  summary: Kilhwch, Goreu, and others bring the marvels to Yspaddaden's court, and
    Kaw shaves Yspaddaden to the bone.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:11
  - fig:12
  - fig:13
  - fig:14
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: scene:5
  label: Concession of Olwen and death of Yspaddaden
  summary: Yspaddaden concedes Olwen to Kilhwch while saying Arthur accomplished the
    result and that giving her costs his life. Goreu then beheads him and displays
    the head.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:12
  - fig:13
  - fig:14
  - fig:15
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
- id: scene:6
  label: Marriage and dispersal of Arthur's hosts
  summary: Olwen becomes Kilhwch's bride and wife, and Arthur's hosts disperse to
    their own countries.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:12
  - fig:15
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: quest for required marvels to win a bride
  taxonomy_refs:
  - mystical_quest
  basis: The passage presents a remaining marvel to be obtained, its acquisition by
    Arthur's party, delivery of the marvels to Yspaddaden, and Kilhwch's subsequent
    marriage to Olwen.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  - ev:9
  - ev:11
  confidence: high
  cautions: The taxonomy reference is broad; the passage names marvels and marriage
    conditions but does not fully restate the earlier task framework.
- id: motif:2
  label: dangerous boundary-place encounter in a cave
  taxonomy_refs:
  - hero_descent
  basis: Arthur's party goes to a witch's cave at a place described as on the confines
    of Hell; multiple warriors are defeated before Arthur kills the witch at the cave
    door.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage does not describe an actual descent into Hell; only the location's
    boundary with Hell and the cave setting support the motif candidate.
- id: motif:3
  label: hostile supernatural female adversary defeated for a needed substance
  taxonomy_refs:
  - mystical_quest
  basis: The blood of the witch is required as a marvel; the witch violently resists
    and is killed, after which Kaw keeps the blood.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:3
  - ev:6
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage does not explain the ritual or practical use of the blood
    beyond its status as an unobtained marvel.
- id: motif:4
  label: bride gained after fulfillment of perilous demands
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacred_marriage
  basis: After the marvels are brought to Yspaddaden, he acknowledges that Olwen is
    Kilhwch's, and Kilhwch marries her that night.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:9
  - ev:11
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The marriage is narratively central, but the passage itself frames it
    as fulfillment of demands rather than explicitly sacred marriage.
- id: motif:5
  label: death of obstructing father after daughter's transfer
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Yspaddaden states that with Olwen he loses his life; Goreu then beheads him
    and displays his head, after which the castle and treasures are taken.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
  confidence: high
  cautions: No available taxonomy reference precisely names this pattern.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: quote
  locator: 5346-5350
  quote_or_summary: Arthur asks if any marvel remains, and a man answers that it is
    "the blood of the witch Orddu" from "the confines of Hell."
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short excerpt used for evidence.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: 5350-5354
  quote_or_summary: Arthur goes north to the witch's cave, and Gwyn ab Nudd with Gwythyr
    son of Greidawl advise sending Kacmwri and Hygwyd to fight her.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized evidence.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: 5354-5359
  quote_or_summary: Inside the cave, the witch seizes Hygwyd, throws him down, is
    pulled down by Kacmwri, and then drives both men out with blows.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized evidence.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: 5360-5365
  quote_or_summary: Arthur becomes angry and seeks to enter the cave, but Gwyn and
    Gwythyr say it is not seemly for him to fight a hag and advise sending Hiramreu
    and Hireidil.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized evidence.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: 5365-5368
  quote_or_summary: The second pair fare worse than the first, and all four men cannot
    move until placed on Arthur's mare Llamrei.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized evidence.
- id: ev:6
  type: quote
  locator: 5368-5372
  quote_or_summary: Arthur strikes the witch with "Carnwennan his dagger" and cleaves
    her in two; Kaw of North Britain takes and keeps her blood.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short excerpt used for evidence.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: 5373-5375
  quote_or_summary: Kilhwch, Goreu, and others hostile to Yspaddaden take the marvels
    to Yspaddaden's court.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized evidence.
- id: ev:8
  type: quote
  locator: 5375-5377
  quote_or_summary: Kaw shaves Yspaddaden's "beard, skin, and flesh clean off to the
    very bone from ear to ear."
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short excerpt used for evidence.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: 5377-5382
  quote_or_summary: Kilhwch asks whether Yspaddaden's daughter is now his; Yspaddaden
    says she is, credits Arthur, says he would not have given her freely, and says
    that with her he loses his life.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized evidence.
- id: ev:10
  type: summary
  locator: 5382-5385
  quote_or_summary: Goreu seizes Yspaddaden by the hair, drags him to the keep, cuts
    off his head, sets it on a stake on the citadel, and the victors take the castle
    and treasures.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized evidence.
- id: ev:11
  type: summary
  locator: '5386'
  quote_or_summary: That night Olwen becomes Kilhwch's bride and remains his wife;
    Arthur's hosts disperse, and Kilhwch obtains Olwen.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized evidence.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: uncertain
  notes: Literal extraction is straightforward from the provided passage. Motif labels
    are candidate-level and use broad available taxonomy references where supported.
    No comparison claims are made because the passage itself does not supply an explicit
    comparative frame.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  Used only the provided passage and metadata; comparison_claims intentionally left empty.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:celtic-welsh-mabinogion-guest-gutenberg__l5346-l5386
  passage_sha256=23d07533211eebeb5e02c690284ce0ce665187e92a5e57638cc54421d607605f