Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.celtic-welsh-mabinogion-guest-gutenberg-l2298-l2357

batch.motif.celtic-welsh-mabinogion-guest-gutenberg-l2298-l2357

---
record_id: batch.motif.celtic-welsh-mabinogion-guest-gutenberg-l2298-l2357
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
passage_locator:
  label: INTRODUCTION / C. E. G. / THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN / PEREDUR THE SON OF EVRAWC;
    lines 2298-2357
  start: '2298'
  end: '2357'
  translation: The Mabinogion
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: 'At Arthur''s hall in Caerlleon, a hideous black maiden arrives on a yellow
    mule, greets everyone except Peredur, and rebukes him for failing to ask the meaning
    of wonders at the Court of the Lame King, especially a blood-streaming spear.
    She says his failure prevents the king''s healing and brings warfare and loss.
    She then announces two opportunities for fame: a distant castle filled with knights
    and ladies, and a maiden imprisoned in a castle on a lofty mountain. Gwalchmai
    vows to try to free the maiden; Peredur vows to learn the story of the lance.
    A blue-armoured knight arrives, accuses Gwalchmai of treacherously killing his
    lord, and summons him to combat before his own king. Gwalchmai and Peredur equip
    themselves and set out, but each takes a separate way.'
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: Arthur is at Caerlleon upon Usk, described as his principal palace, with four
    named men sitting on a velvet carpet in the hall.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: A black curly-headed maiden enters riding a yellow mule and carrying jagged
    thongs to urge it on.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: The maiden is described with a rough, hideous aspect, dark face and hands,
    mismatched eyes, long yellow teeth, a crooked back, large bony legs, and very
    large feet and legs.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:4
  text: The maiden greets Arthur and all his household except Peredur, then addresses
    Peredur with harsh and angry words.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:5
  text: The maiden says Peredur failed at the Court of the Lame King to ask the meaning
    or cause of a youth's streaming spear with blood flowing from its points and of
    other wonders.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:6
  text: The maiden says that, if Peredur had asked, the Lame King would have been
    restored to health and his dominions to peace; because he did not, battles, deaths,
    widows, and portionless maidens will follow.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:7
  text: The maiden tells Arthur of a distant stately castle containing five hundred
    and sixty-six knights of chivalry, each with the lady he loves best, where fame
    in arms can be won if deserved.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:8
  text: The maiden says there is a castle on a lofty mountain containing an imprisoned
    maiden, and that whoever frees her will attain the summit of worldly fame.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:9
  text: Gwalchmai vows not to rest until he tests whether he can release the imprisoned
    maiden, and many of Arthur's household join him.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:10
  text: Peredur vows not to rest until he knows the story and meaning of the lance
    mentioned by the black maiden.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:11
  text: A knight arrives at the gate, armed and equipped, greets Arthur and the household
    except Gwalchmai, and bears a gold-ingrained shield with a blue fesse and matching
    blue armour.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: obs:12
  text: The knight accuses Gwalchmai of killing his lord by treachery and deceit and
    challenges him to prove it.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: obs:13
  text: Gwalchmai gives a gage denying that he is a traitor or deceiver, agrees to
    an encounter before the knight's king, and follows him.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
- id: obs:14
  text: Gwalchmai and Peredur equip themselves and set out because of their fellowship
    and friendship, but they do not travel together and each goes his own way.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: Arthur
  description: Ruler present at Caerlleon upon Usk, his principal palace, and addressed
    as lord by the maiden.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:6
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Peredur of the long lance
  description: One of the four men in Arthur's hall; rebuked by the black maiden for
    failing to inquire about the wonders at the Court of the Lame King; vows to learn
    the meaning of the lance.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:9
  - ev:13
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Gwalchmai the son of Gwyar
  description: One of the four men in Arthur's hall; vows to seek the imprisoned maiden;
    later accused by a blue-armoured knight and sets out after him.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:8
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
  - ev:13
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Owain the son of Urien
  description: One of the four men sitting on a velvet carpet in Arthur's hall.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Howel the son of Emyr Llydaw
  description: One of the four men sitting on a velvet carpet in Arthur's hall.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Black maiden
  description: A rough and hideous maiden riding a yellow mule; she rebukes Peredur,
    reports consequences of his failure, and announces places where fame may be won.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Lame King
  description: King at whose court Peredur saw the blood-streaming spear and other
    wonders; the maiden says he would have been restored to health if Peredur had
    asked their meaning.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Youth bearing the streaming spear
  description: A youth seen at the Court of the Lame King carrying a spear from whose
    points drops of blood flowed in streams to his hand.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Imprisoned maiden on the lofty mountain
  description: A maiden detained prisoner in a castle on a lofty mountain; freeing
    her is said to bring the summit of worldly fame.
  role_refs:
  - role:11
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: Blue-armoured knight
  description: A warrior-sized knight with blue armour and a gold-ingrained shield
    bearing a blue fesse; he accuses Gwalchmai and summons him to an encounter.
  role_refs:
  - role:12
  - role:13
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
- id: fig:11
  name_or_label: Arthur's household
  description: The household at Arthur's hall; greeted by the black maiden and later
    by the knight, with many members joining Gwalchmai's declared quest.
  role_refs:
  - role:14
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:8
  - ev:10
- id: fig:12
  name_or_label: Knights and ladies in the distant stately castle
  description: Five hundred and sixty-six knights of chivalry, each with the lady
    whom he loves best, said to dwell in a distant castle where fame in arms may be
    gained.
  role_refs:
  - role:15
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: lord and court center
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: Arthur is located in his principal palace and addressed as lord by the maiden.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:6
- id: role:2
  label: rebuked quester
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: The maiden refuses to greet Peredur and says he failed to inquire about wonders
    at the Lame King's court.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: role:3
  label: seeker of the lance's meaning
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: Peredur vows not to rest until he knows the story and meaning of the lance.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: role:4
  label: would-be rescuer
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: Gwalchmai vows to test whether he can release the imprisoned maiden.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: role:5
  label: accused champion
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: The arriving knight accuses Gwalchmai, and Gwalchmai answers with a gage
    and agrees to combat.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
- id: role:6
  label: court companion
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  basis: Owain and Howel are among the four men seated with Gwalchmai and Peredur
    in Arthur's hall.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:7
  label: rebuking messenger
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: The maiden enters Arthur's hall, refuses greeting to Peredur, rebukes him,
    and delivers news of consequences and quests.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: role:8
  label: quest announcer
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: She identifies places where fame can be gained and describes the imprisoned
    maiden on the lofty mountain.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: role:9
  label: unhealed ruler
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: The maiden says the Lame King would have been restored to health if Peredur
    had asked about the wonders.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:10
  label: bearer of wondrous spear
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: The youth bears the streaming spear from whose points blood flows.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:11
  label: detained prisoner
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: The maiden in the mountain castle is explicitly said to be detained a prisoner.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: role:12
  label: accuser
  assigned_to:
  - fig:10
  basis: The knight accuses Gwalchmai of treachery and deceit in killing his lord.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: role:13
  label: challenger to combat
  assigned_to:
  - fig:10
  basis: He requires the encounter with Gwalchmai to take place before the king he
    obeys.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
- id: role:14
  label: court audience and followers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:11
  basis: Arthur's household is greeted by visitors, and many join Gwalchmai after
    his vow.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:8
  - ev:10
- id: role:15
  label: distant chivalric company
  assigned_to:
  - fig:12
  basis: The black maiden describes the knights and their ladies as residents of a
    castle where fame in arms can be won.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: blood-streaming spear
  literal_form: A spear carried by a youth, with drops of blood flowing in streams
    from its points to the youth's hand.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:9
- id: sym:2
  label: lofty mountain
  literal_form: A lofty mountain on which stands a castle containing a detained maiden.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:9
  taxonomy_refs:
  - mountain
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: sym:3
  label: mountain castle prison
  literal_form: A castle on a lofty mountain where a maiden is detained prisoner.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:9
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: sym:4
  label: yellow mule and jagged thongs
  literal_form: The black maiden rides a yellow mule and holds jagged thongs to urge
    it on.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:5
  label: blue shield and armour
  literal_form: A gold-ingrained shield with an azure-blue fesse, and armour of the
    same hue, carried and worn by the accusing knight.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:10
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Arthur's court and the black maiden's rebuke
  summary: In Arthur's hall at Caerlleon, a hideous black maiden arrives, greets the
    court but not Peredur, and condemns him for not asking about the blood-streaming
    spear and other wonders at the Court of the Lame King.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  - fig:11
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: scene:2
  label: Announcement of paths to fame
  summary: The black maiden tells Arthur of a distant castle with many knights and
    ladies where fame in arms may be won, and of a maiden imprisoned in a castle on
    a lofty mountain whose rescuer will gain the summit of fame.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:6
  - fig:9
  - fig:12
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: scene:3
  label: Quest vows by Gwalchmai and Peredur
  summary: Gwalchmai vows to attempt the release of the imprisoned maiden, while Peredur
    vows to learn the story and meaning of the lance mentioned by the black maiden.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:11
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: scene:4
  label: Accusation and departure after the blue knight
  summary: A blue-armoured knight arrives, accuses Gwalchmai of treacherously killing
    his lord, receives Gwalchmai's challenge-gage, and departs with Gwalchmai and
    Peredur setting out after him separately.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:10
  - fig:11
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
  - ev:13
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: failure to ask the meaning of a wonder prevents healing
  taxonomy_refs:
  - initiation
  basis: The maiden says Peredur saw the blood-streaming spear and other wonders at
    the Lame King's court but did not ask their meaning or cause; she states that
    asking would have restored the king and the land to peace.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage states the failed question and its consequences; assigning
    it to initiation is interpretive and should be reviewed.
- id: motif:2
  label: quest to learn the meaning of a mysterious lance
  taxonomy_refs:
  - mystical_quest
  basis: After the rebuke, Peredur vows not to rest until he learns the story and
    meaning of the lance.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage gives the vow but not the later outcome.
- id: motif:3
  label: rescue of an imprisoned maiden in a mountain castle
  taxonomy_refs:
  - mystical_quest
  - stolen_beloved
  basis: The black maiden describes a detained maiden in a castle on a lofty mountain
    and says that whoever frees her will gain the summit of fame; Gwalchmai vows to
    attempt her release.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage does not state who imprisoned the maiden or whether she is
    a beloved; the stolen_beloved taxonomy link is provisional.
- id: motif:4
  label: armed accuser summons a champion to prove treachery by combat
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The blue-armoured knight accuses Gwalchmai of treacherously killing his lord,
    Gwalchmai gives a gage denying it, and the knight requires the encounter before
    his king.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
  confidence: high
  cautions: No supplied taxonomy family directly matches this chivalric challenge
    pattern.
- id: motif:5
  label: fame won through perilous chivalric encounters
  taxonomy_refs:
  - mystical_quest
  basis: The maiden identifies a distant castle where one who would acquire fame in
    arms, encounters, and conflicts may gain it if deserving, and another quest whose
    completion grants the summit of fame.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The language of fame and martial proving is explicit, but the broader
    motif-family assignment is general.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 2298-2302
  quote_or_summary: Arthur is at Caerlleon upon Usk, his principal palace; Owain,
    Gwalchmai, Howel, and Peredur sit on a velvet carpet in the hall.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 2302-2314
  quote_or_summary: A black curly-headed maiden enters on a yellow mule with jagged
    thongs; her appearance is described as rough, hideous, dark, mismatched-eyed,
    yellow-toothed, crooked-backed, and large-legged.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 2314-2317
  quote_or_summary: The maiden greets Arthur and all his household except Peredur
    and tells Peredur she does not greet him because he does not merit it.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 2317-2323
  quote_or_summary: The maiden says Peredur saw, at the Court of the Lame King, a
    youth bearing a spear with drops of blood flowing from its points, and other wonders,
    but did not ask their meaning or cause.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 2323-2329
  quote_or_summary: The maiden says Peredur's question would have restored the king
    to health and his dominions to peace; because of him there will be battles, perishing
    knights, widows, and portionless maidens.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 2329-2335
  quote_or_summary: The maiden tells Arthur of her distant stately castle containing
    566 knights of chivalry, each with the lady he loves best, where fame in arms
    and conflicts can be won if deserved.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 2335-2340
  quote_or_summary: The maiden says there is a castle on a lofty mountain with a maiden
    detained prisoner inside, and that her liberator will attain the summit of worldly
    fame.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: lines 2342-2345
  quote_or_summary: Gwalchmai vows not to rest until he has proved whether he can
    release the maiden; many of Arthur's household join him.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: lines 2345-2347
  quote_or_summary: Peredur vows not to rest until he knows the story and meaning
    of the lance spoken of by the black maiden.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:10
  type: summary
  locator: lines 2347-2352
  quote_or_summary: A warrior-sized knight arrives armed, greets Arthur and the household
    except Gwalchmai, and bears a gold-ingrained shield with a blue fesse and matching
    blue armour.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:11
  type: summary
  locator: lines 2352-2354
  quote_or_summary: The knight tells Gwalchmai that he slew the knight's lord by treachery
    and deceit and says he will prove it upon him.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:12
  type: summary
  locator: lines 2354-2357
  quote_or_summary: Gwalchmai gives his gage to maintain that he is not a traitor
    or deceiver; the knight asks that the encounter occur before the king he obeys,
    and Gwalchmai agrees to follow.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:13
  type: summary
  locator: lines 2357-2357
  quote_or_summary: Gwalchmai chooses his own armour; Gwalchmai and Peredur equip
    themselves and set out after the knight because of their fellowship and friendship,
    but each goes his own way.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: uncertain
  notes: Literal extraction is well supported by the supplied passage. Motif-family
    taxonomy links are cautious because the available taxonomy is broad and the passage
    itself gives only the opening of the ensuing quests. No comparison claims were
    extracted because the passage does not explicitly compare traditions or motif
    families.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  Used only the supplied passage and metadata; comparison_claims left empty due to lack of passage-internal comparative support.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:celtic-welsh-mabinogion-guest-gutenberg__l2298-l2357
  passage_sha256=1111f74b3eb6def4a9c1e8e413b4ee069d64c3e05d24ccf814fb51d49a2cd21f