Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.celtic-welsh-mabinogion-guest-gutenberg-l2073-l2161

batch.motif.celtic-welsh-mabinogion-guest-gutenberg-l2073-l2161

---
record_id: batch.motif.celtic-welsh-mabinogion-guest-gutenberg-l2073-l2161
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
passage_locator:
  label: INTRODUCTION / C. E. G. / THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN / PEREDUR THE SON OF EVRAWC;
    lines 2073-2161
  start: '2073'
  end: '2161'
  translation: The Mabinogion
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: Peredur refuses wealth and marriage offers, reaches a palace where slain
    men are daily restored to life, learns of the Addanc in a cave, receives a seeing
    stone from a beautiful lady after pledging love, passes a river valley with black
    and white sheep and a half-burning tree, is directed down the narrow road to the
    Addanc's cave, kills and beheads the monster, refuses another marriage reward,
    and accepts Etlym Gleddyv Coch as his attendant.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: A maiden tells Peredur he may have treasure from a slain black man and choose
    a maiden for love; Peredur says he did not come to woo and does not desire the
    goods.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: At the Palace of the Sons of the King of the Tortures, Peredur sees women
    receive corpses on saddled horses and restore the men to life with warm water
    and balsam.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: The palace inhabitants say an Addanc in a cave slays the men once every day.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:4
  text: The young men refuse to let Peredur accompany them because, if he is slain,
    he has no one to bring him back to life.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:5
  text: A beautiful lady on a mound says Peredur is going to encounter the Addanc
    and that it kills by craft from behind a stone pillar with a poisonous dart.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:6
  text: The lady gives Peredur a stone by which he will see the Addanc while the Addanc
    will not see him, after he pledges to love her above all women.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:7
  text: In a river valley, black and white sheep cross the river and change to the
    opposite color when sheep on the other side bleat.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:8
  text: A tree beside the river is half in flames from root to top and half green
    and in full leaf.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:9
  text: A royal-looking youth sits on a mound with two leashed greyhounds and explains
    that the narrow road leads toward the cave of the Addanc.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:10
  text: Peredur enters the cave with the stone in his left hand and his lance in his
    right, sees the Addanc, pierces it with his lance, and cuts off its head.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:11
  text: Three companions say there was a prediction that Peredur would slay the monster
    and offer him one of three sisters and half their kingdom.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:12
  text: A man in red armor on a red horse, named Etlym Gleddyv Coch, asks to become
    Peredur's attendant, and Peredur accepts him.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: Peredur
  description: Traveler and combatant who refuses rewards, receives the seeing stone,
    and kills the Addanc.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:4
  - ev:8
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Maiden at the first court
  description: A maiden who offers Peredur wealth from the slain black man and a choice
    among the maidens for love.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Women at the Palace of the Sons of the King of the Tortures
  description: Women who rejoice at Peredur's arrival and restore corpses to life
    with warm water and balsam.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Revived men / young men of the palace
  description: Men who arrive as corpses on saddled horses, are restored to life,
    and later go out toward the Addanc.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Addanc
  description: A being in a cave that slays the men once every day and kills from
    behind a stone pillar with a poisonous dart.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:8
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Beautiful lady on the mound
  description: A fair lady who knows Peredur's quest, warns him about the Addanc,
    gives him a stone, directs him to seek her toward India, and vanishes.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Royal-looking youth with greyhounds
  description: A youth of royal bearing seated on a mound beside two leashed greyhounds,
    who describes the roads and invites Peredur to his palace or to watch the hunt.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Etlym Gleddyv Coch
  description: An earl from the East Country, riding a red horse and wearing red armor,
    who asks to become Peredur's attendant.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: Questing traveler
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: Peredur continues onward, asks about roads, and chooses the narrow road to
    the cave.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: role:2
  label: Monster-slayer
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: Peredur pierces the Addanc with his lance and cuts off its head.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: role:3
  label: Reward-offerer
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: The maiden offers wealth and a choice of a beloved maiden.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:4
  label: Restorers of the dead
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: The women anoint corpses in warm water, apply balsam, and the men rise alive.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: role:5
  label: Repeatedly slain and revived victims
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: They arrive as corpses, are revived, and are said to be slain once every
    day by the Addanc.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: role:6
  label: Cave-dwelling killer
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: The Addanc dwells in a cave and slays the men daily, using a poisonous dart
    from behind a pillar.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: role:7
  label: Supernatural helper or warning lady
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: She knows Peredur's quest, warns him of the Addanc's method, gives him a
    stone, and vanishes.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:8
  label: Road-guide and potential host
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: The youth explains where the three roads go and offers hospitality at his
    palace.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: role:9
  label: Voluntary attendant
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: Etlym asks Peredur to take him as attendant and is accepted.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: Cave of the Addanc
  literal_form: cave
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs:
  - cave
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:8
- id: sym:2
  label: Warm water for revivification
  literal_form: vessel of warm water below the door
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:3
  label: Precious balsam for revivification
  literal_form: precious balsam placed on a corpse
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:4
  label: Seeing stone
  literal_form: stone placed in Peredur's hand
  associated_figures:
  - fig:6
  - fig:1
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:8
- id: sym:5
  label: Stone pillar at the cave entrance
  literal_form: stone pillar at the entrance of the cave
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:6
  label: River boundary
  literal_form: river running through a wooded valley with meadows on both sides
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:7
  label: Black and white sheep
  literal_form: flocks of white sheep and black sheep that cross the river and change
    color
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:8
  label: Half-burning half-green tree
  literal_form: tree with one half in flames and the other half green and in full
    leaf
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs:
  - tree
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:9
  label: Three roads
  literal_form: three roads from the mound, two wide and one narrow
  associated_figures:
  - fig:7
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: sym:10
  label: Red horse and red armor
  literal_form: red horse and red armor worn by Etlym
  associated_figures:
  - fig:8
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Refusal of courtly reward
  summary: A maiden offers Peredur wealth and a choice of beloved, but he says he
    did not come to woo and does not want the goods.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: Daily death and restoration at the palace
  summary: At the Palace of the Sons of the King of the Tortures, corpses arrive on
    saddled horses; women use warm water and balsam to restore them to life, and Peredur
    learns the Addanc kills them daily.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: scene:3
  label: Lady on the mound gives the stone
  summary: A beautiful lady warns Peredur that the Addanc kills by craft from behind
    a stone pillar, gives him a stone that lets him see the Addanc unseen, tells him
    to seek her toward India, and vanishes.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:4
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: scene:4
  label: Valley of changing sheep and divided tree
  summary: Peredur passes a river valley where black and white sheep change color
    across the river and a tree stands half aflame and half green.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:6
  - sym:7
  - sym:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: scene:5
  label: Choice of the narrow road
  summary: A royal-looking youth with greyhounds offers Peredur hospitality and explains
    the three roads; Peredur chooses the narrow road to the cave of the Addanc.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:7
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:9
  - sym:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: scene:6
  label: Slaying of the Addanc
  summary: Peredur enters the cave with the stone and his lance, sees the Addanc,
    kills and beheads it, and the companions say a prediction foretold that he would
    slay the monster.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:5
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: scene:7
  label: Etlym becomes attendant
  summary: A red-armored rider on a red horse identifies himself as Etlym Gleddyv
    Coch and asks to serve Peredur as attendant; Peredur accepts.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: Restoration of slain men to life
  taxonomy_refs:
  - resurrection
  - death_rebirth
  basis: Corpses are anointed in warm water and balsam and rise alive; the same men
    are said to be slain by the Addanc once every day.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage describes repeated revivification but does not explain its
    source or ritual rules beyond water and balsam.
- id: motif:2
  label: Monster in a cave slain by a questing hero
  taxonomy_refs:
  - hero_descent
  - mystical_quest
  basis: Peredur is directed to the Addanc's cave, enters with a magical seeing stone
    and lance, kills the cave-dwelling monster, and cuts off its head.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage does not describe an underworld descent; the cave motif supports
    only a cautious hero-descent classification.
- id: motif:3
  label: Magical aid received through a love pledge
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacred_exchange
  - divine_beloved
  basis: The beautiful lady offers a stone that grants tactical sight in exchange
    for Peredur pledging to love her above all women, then vanishes.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The lady's divine or otherworldly status is not explicitly stated in the
    passage; the classification rests on her knowledge, gift, and disappearance.
- id: motif:4
  label: Opposed colors transformed across a river boundary
  taxonomy_refs:
  - duality
  basis: White and black sheep stand on opposite sides of a river; when one bleats,
    a sheep from the other side crosses and becomes the opposite color.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage gives no explicit interpretation of the color change.
- id: motif:5
  label: Tree divided between fire and green life
  taxonomy_refs:
  - duality
  - sacred_tree_axis
  - seasonal_cycle
  basis: A tree beside the river is described as half burning from root to top and
    half green and fully leafed.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage does not identify the tree as sacred or seasonal; these taxonomy
    links are based on visual pattern only.
- id: motif:6
  label: Narrow road to the dangerous encounter
  taxonomy_refs:
  - initiation
  - mystical_quest
  basis: Of three roads from the mound, the narrower road leads toward the cave of
    the Addanc, and Peredur chooses it.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage presents the roads literally and does not state an initiatory
    meaning.
- id: motif:7
  label: Predicted monster-slayer
  taxonomy_refs:
  - mystical_quest
  basis: After Peredur kills the Addanc, the companions say there was a prediction
    that he should slay that monster.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage reports the prediction only after the event and gives no details
    about its origin.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: 2073-2084
  quote_or_summary: A maiden offers Peredur riches from the treasure of the black
    man he has slain and a choice of maiden for love; Peredur replies that he did
    not come to woo and desires none of the goods.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: 2084-2095
  quote_or_summary: At the Palace of the Sons of the King of the Tortures, corpses
    arrive on saddled horses; a woman anoints a corpse in warm water, places precious
    balsam on it, and the man rises alive; two others are treated the same way.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: 2095-2103
  quote_or_summary: Peredur asks why the revivals happen; he is told an Addanc in
    a cave slays the men once every day; the next morning the men refuse his company
    because he has no one to bring him back to life if slain.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: 2104-2121
  quote_or_summary: A fair lady on a mound says Peredur is going to encounter the
    Addanc, which kills by craft from behind a stone pillar with a poisonous dart;
    after Peredur pledges to love her above all women, she gives him a stone that
    lets him see the Addanc while unseen, says to seek her toward India, and vanishes.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: 2122-2130
  quote_or_summary: Peredur enters a wooded river valley with meadows; white sheep
    are on one side and black sheep on the other, and sheep crossing at the other's
    bleat change to the other color.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: 2130-2137
  quote_or_summary: Beside the river stands a tall tree, half in flames from root
    to top and half green and in full leaf; nearby sits a royal-looking youth with
    two leashed greyhounds, and hounds raise deer in the opposite wood.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: 2138-2150
  quote_or_summary: The youth explains that one road goes to his palace, another to
    a nearby town, and the narrower road goes toward the cave of the Addanc; Peredur
    chooses the narrow road.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: 2151-2159
  quote_or_summary: Peredur goes to the cave with the stone in his left hand and lance
    in his right, perceives the Addanc, pierces it, and cuts off its head; three companions
    say a prediction foretold he would slay the monster and offer him marriage and
    half the kingdom.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: 2159-2161
  quote_or_summary: Peredur sees a rider on a red horse with red armor; the rider
    identifies himself as Etlym Gleddyv Coch, an earl from the East Country, asks
    to be Peredur's attendant, and is accepted.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: uncertain
  notes: Literal episode extraction is strong. Motif labels are cautious where the
    passage presents striking images without interpretation. No comparison claims
    are made because the passage itself does not explicitly compare these patterns
    to another text or tradition.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  All observations and motif candidates are based only on the supplied passage and metadata.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:celtic-welsh-mabinogion-guest-gutenberg__l2073-l2161
  passage_sha256=b55a02146eda7cee48c919853c34f323c71d72790c96fd5ebe97b68499408de2