Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.celtic-welsh-mabinogion-guest-gutenberg-l2002-l2071

batch.motif.celtic-welsh-mabinogion-guest-gutenberg-l2002-l2071

---
record_id: batch.motif.celtic-welsh-mabinogion-guest-gutenberg-l2002-l2071
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
passage_locator:
  label: INTRODUCTION / C. E. G. / THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN / PEREDUR THE SON OF EVRAWC;
    lines 2002-2071
  start: '2002'
  end: '2071'
  translation: The Mabinogion
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: Peredur accompanies Arthur hunting, follows a slain hart to a remote hall,
    encounters maidens and a violent one-eyed black man called the Black Oppressor,
    is spared for one night through a maiden's intercession, fights the man the next
    day, compels him to explain the loss of his eye and the Black Serpent's treasure-stone,
    receives directions toward further marvels, and kills the oppressor.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: Arthur is at Caerlleon upon Usk and goes hunting with Peredur.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: Peredur's dog kills a hart in a desert place, after which Peredur sees signs
    of a dwelling and approaches a hall.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:3
  text: At the hall door, bald swarthy youths are playing chess.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:4
  text: Inside the hall, three high-ranking maidens sit on a bench, clothed alike.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:5
  text: One maiden weeps because she expects Peredur to be slain if he remains there
    overnight.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:6
  text: The maiden says the palace belongs to her father, who kills everyone who comes
    there without his leave and renders justice to none.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:7
  text: A huge black one-eyed man enters after a tumult, and the maidens rise to meet
    him and disarray him.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:8
  text: At a maiden's request, the black man grants Peredur his life for one night.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:9
  text: Peredur comes to the fire, eats and drinks, speaks with the ladies, and while
    elated with liquor asks who put out the black man's eye.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:10
  text: The black man says that anyone who asks about his eye should not escape with
    life, but again spares Peredur for the maiden's sake that night.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:11
  text: The next day the black man arms himself and tells Peredur to arise and suffer
    death.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:12
  text: Peredur asks either for the black man to remove his armor or for arms to be
    given to him; the maiden brings Peredur arms.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:13
  text: Peredur fights the black man and forces him to crave mercy.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:14
  text: The black man says he lost his eye fighting the Black Serpent of the Carn.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:15
  text: The black man describes the Mound of Mourning, a carn on the mound, a serpent
    in the carn, and a stone on the serpent's tail that produces desired gold for
    whoever holds it in one hand.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:16
  text: The black man identifies himself as the Black Oppressor and says he has oppressed
    every man around him and done justice to none.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:17
  text: The black man gives Peredur directions to the Palace of the Sons of the King
    of the Tortures, the Court of the Countess of the Achievements, and the Mound
    of Mourning.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: obs:18
  text: The Addanc of the Lake is said to slay the Sons of the King of the Tortures
    once every day.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: obs:19
  text: Three hundred tent-owners guard the serpent around the Mound of Mourning.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: obs:20
  text: Peredur says he will stop the Black Oppressor from continuing as an oppressor
    and kills him.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: Arthur
  description: Arthur is at Caerlleon upon Usk and goes hunting.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Peredur
  description: Peredur accompanies Arthur, enters the hall, is threatened, fights
    the black man, receives information, and kills him.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:3
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  - ev:11
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Peredur's dog
  description: The dog is loosed upon a hart and kills it.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: hart
  description: A hart is killed by Peredur's dog in a desert place.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: bald swarthy youths
  description: Youths at the hall door play chess and later clear the chessmen from
    the board.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: three maidens
  description: Three similarly clothed high-ranking maidens sit on a bench; one speaks
    for Peredur and brings him arms.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:6
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: maiden who intercedes for Peredur
  description: One maiden weeps for Peredur, explains the danger, asks the black man
    to spare him, and brings Peredur arms.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: huge black one-eyed man / Black Oppressor
  description: A huge black one-eyed man owns the palace, kills visitors without leave,
    oppresses neighbors, has lost one eye fighting the Black Serpent, and is killed
    by Peredur.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  - role:9
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:7
  - ev:9
  - ev:11
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Black Serpent of the Carn
  description: A serpent in the carn on the Mound of Mourning; a stone is on its tail,
    and it is guarded by three hundred tent-owners.
  role_refs:
  - role:11
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  - ev:11
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: Sons of the King of the Tortures
  description: They are said to be slain once every day by the Addanc of the Lake.
  role_refs:
  - role:12
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: fig:11
  name_or_label: Addanc of the Lake
  description: A being said to slay the Sons of the King of the Tortures once every
    day.
  role_refs:
  - role:13
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: fig:12
  name_or_label: Countess of the Achievements
  description: Her court has a household of three hundred men whose achievements are
    related to strangers.
  role_refs:
  - role:14
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: fig:13
  name_or_label: three hundred men of the Countess's household
  description: They sit next to the lady and relate the achievements of the household
    to strangers.
  role_refs:
  - role:15
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: fig:14
  name_or_label: owners of three hundred tents
  description: They are stationed around the Mound of Mourning guarding the serpent.
  role_refs:
  - role:16
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: hunting king
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: Arthur goes hunting from Caerlleon upon Usk.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:2
  label: armed challenger and slayer of oppressor
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: Peredur confronts the black man, fights him after receiving arms, and kills
    him.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  - ev:11
- id: role:3
  label: hunting animal
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: The dog is loosed upon the hart and kills it.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:4
  label: hunted animal
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: The hart is killed by the dog during the hunt.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:5
  label: hall attendants or youths at game
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: The youths are at the hall door playing chess and clear the chessmen before
    the black man's entrance.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
- id: role:6
  label: warning maiden
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  basis: A maiden weeps and warns Peredur that he may be slain if he remains.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:7
  label: intercessor and helper
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  basis: The maiden persuades the black man to spare Peredur for the night and later
    brings Peredur arms.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: role:8
  label: violent host
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: The maiden says her father owns the palace and kills those who come without
    leave.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:9
  label: oppressor
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: He names himself the Black Oppressor and says he has oppressed all around
    him and done justice to none.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: role:10
  label: defeated adversary
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: Peredur defeats him in combat, compels his story, and kills him.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:11
- id: role:11
  label: treasure-guarding serpent
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: The serpent is in the carn and has a gold-giving stone on its tail; three
    hundred tent-owners guard it.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:11
- id: role:12
  label: daily victims
  assigned_to:
  - fig:10
  basis: They are said to be slain by the Addanc of the Lake once every day.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: role:13
  label: daily slayer
  assigned_to:
  - fig:11
  basis: The Addanc of the Lake slays the Sons of the King of the Tortures once every
    day.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: role:14
  label: courtly lady
  assigned_to:
  - fig:12
  basis: The Countess has a court and a household whose achievements are recounted.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: role:15
  label: achievement-reciters
  assigned_to:
  - fig:13
  basis: The household sits next to the Lady to relate the achievements of the household.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: role:16
  label: serpent guards
  assigned_to:
  - fig:14
  basis: The owners of three hundred tents guard the serpent around the mound.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: fire
  literal_form: fire in the hall
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:6
  - fig:8
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:2
  label: chess board and chessmen
  literal_form: chess game at the hall door
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
- id: sym:3
  label: one eye lost
  literal_form: huge black one-eyed man; missing eye explained by combat with serpent
  associated_figures:
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:7
- id: sym:4
  label: Mound of Mourning
  literal_form: mound containing a carn and serpent
  associated_figures:
  - fig:9
  - fig:14
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:11
- id: sym:5
  label: carn
  literal_form: carn on the Mound of Mourning containing the serpent
  associated_figures:
  - fig:9
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: sym:6
  label: Black Serpent
  literal_form: serpent in the carn with a stone on its tail
  associated_figures:
  - fig:9
  taxonomy_refs:
  - serpent
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: sym:7
  label: gold-giving stone
  literal_form: stone on the serpent's tail that gives the holder as much gold as
    desired in the other hand
  associated_figures:
  - fig:9
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: sym:8
  label: lake
  literal_form: lake associated with the Addanc
  associated_figures:
  - fig:11
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: sym:9
  label: armor and arms
  literal_form: armor worn by the black man and arms given to Peredur
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: hunt and discovery of remote hall
  summary: Arthur goes hunting with Peredur; Peredur's dog kills a hart in a desert
    place, and Peredur follows signs of dwelling to a hall.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: warning in the hall
  summary: Peredur finds chess-playing youths and three maidens; one maiden weeps
    and warns that her father kills unauthorized visitors.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: scene:3
  label: arrival of the one-eyed host and night reprieve
  summary: The black one-eyed man enters after a tumult, is served by the maidens,
    and grants Peredur life for one night at a maiden's request.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: scene:4
  label: armed combat with the Black Oppressor
  summary: The next day the black man tells Peredur to suffer death; Peredur asks
    for equal arms, receives them from the maiden, fights, and forces the black man
    to ask mercy.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: scene:5
  label: serpent treasure and route of marvels disclosed
  summary: The defeated black man explains that he lost his eye fighting the Black
    Serpent of the Carn and describes the Mound of Mourning, the gold-giving stone,
    the Addanc's daily killings, the Countess's court, and the guarded serpent.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  - fig:11
  - fig:12
  - fig:13
  - fig:14
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  - sym:4
  - sym:5
  - sym:6
  - sym:7
  - sym:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
- id: scene:6
  label: death of the oppressor
  summary: Peredur declares that the Black Oppressor will no longer continue oppressing
    and kills him.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: hero enters perilous hall and is warned by maiden
  taxonomy_refs:
  - initiation
  - departure
  basis: Peredur leaves the hunt for a remote hall where a maiden warns that the host
    kills visitors and intercedes for him.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage itself presents a perilous lodging and warning, but broader
    initiatory significance depends on surrounding narrative.
- id: motif:2
  label: violent host grants temporary reprieve through female intercession
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The black man is said to kill unauthorized visitors but twice spares Peredur
    for one night at the maiden's request.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  confidence: high
  cautions: No external motif index number is supplied.
- id: motif:3
  label: hero demands fair arms before combat
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Peredur refuses to suffer death unarmed and asks either that the black man
    remove armor or that arms be given to him.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  confidence: high
  cautions: This is a narrative action pattern rather than a supplied taxonomy motif.
- id: motif:4
  label: defeated adversary reveals next quest information
  taxonomy_refs:
  - mystical_quest
  basis: After being defeated, the black man tells Peredur his identity, the cause
    of his lost eye, the serpent's treasure, and the route to further places.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage points to a continuing quest, but the later completion is
    outside this line range.
- id: motif:5
  label: serpent associated with guarded treasure
  taxonomy_refs:
  - serpent
  basis: The Black Serpent of the Carn has a stone on its tail whose virtue yields
    desired gold, and it is guarded around the mound.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:11
  confidence: high
  cautions: The serpent's own actions in this passage are reported by another character
    rather than directly narrated.
- id: motif:6
  label: marvelous object producing inexhaustible wealth
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The stone on the serpent's tail gives the holder as much gold as desired
    in the other hand.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  confidence: high
  cautions: The object is described but not obtained in this passage.
- id: motif:7
  label: daily slaughter by lake monster
  taxonomy_refs:
  - death_rebirth
  basis: The Addanc of the Lake is said to slay the Sons of the King of the Tortures
    once every day.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage states daily killing but does not state rebirth or restoration,
    so the death_rebirth taxonomy link is tentative.
- id: motif:8
  label: slaying of unjust oppressor
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The Black Oppressor confesses oppression and lack of justice, and Peredur
    kills him to end his oppression.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:11
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage frames Peredur's act as ending oppression, but does not explicitly
    characterize it as divine judgment.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 2002-2006
  quote_or_summary: Arthur is at Caerlleon upon Usk, goes hunting, and Peredur's dog
    kills a hart in a desert place; Peredur sees signs of a dwelling and approaches
    it.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 2006-2010
  quote_or_summary: At the hall door are bald swarthy youths playing chess; inside
    are three similarly clothed high-ranking maidens sitting on a bench.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 2010-2021
  quote_or_summary: A maiden weeps for Peredur, says he will be slain if he remains,
    and explains that her father owns the palace, kills visitors without leave, does
    violence and wrong, and renders no justice.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 2021-2029
  quote_or_summary: The youths clear the chessboard; after a tumult a huge black one-eyed
    man enters, the maidens meet and disarray him, and at a maiden's plea he grants
    Peredur life for the night.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 2029-2040
  quote_or_summary: Peredur goes to the fire, eats and drinks, asks who put out the
    black man's eye, and the black man says such a question normally costs life but
    spares him again for the maiden's sake that night.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 2041-2048
  quote_or_summary: The next day the black man arms himself and tells Peredur to suffer
    death; Peredur asks for equal terms or arms, and the maiden brings arms for him.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 2048-2053
  quote_or_summary: Peredur fights the black man, forces him to crave mercy, and asks
    who he is and who put out his eye; the man says he lost it fighting the Black
    Serpent of the Carn.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: lines 2053-2058
  quote_or_summary: The Mound of Mourning has a carn, within it a serpent, and on
    the serpent's tail a stone that gives the holder as much gold as desired in the
    other hand.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: lines 2058-2063
  quote_or_summary: The man says he is called the Black Oppressor because he has oppressed
    every nearby man and done justice to none.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:10
  type: summary
  locator: lines 2063-2069
  quote_or_summary: The black man says the route leads to the Palace of the Sons of
    the King of the Tortures, whom the Addanc of the Lake slays once daily, then to
    the Court of the Countess of the Achievements with its household of three hundred
    men who recite achievements.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:11
  type: summary
  locator: lines 2069-2071
  quote_or_summary: The route reaches the Mound of Mourning, where owners of three
    hundred tents guard the serpent; Peredur says the oppressor will continue no longer
    and kills him.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: high
  notes: Extraction is based only on the supplied passage. Motif candidates are conservative
    and limited to patterns directly present or reported in the passage; comparison
    claims are omitted because the passage itself does not support a specific cross-text
    comparison.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  No external sources or motif indices were used beyond the supplied taxonomy reference list.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:celtic-welsh-mabinogion-guest-gutenberg__l2002-l2071
  passage_sha256=c2bd31c17be91aaa51f5a2e0e68f84eb83b8328fda4de98012b181950e235873