Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.celtic-welsh-mabinogion-guest-gutenberg-l1454-l1529

batch.motif.celtic-welsh-mabinogion-guest-gutenberg-l1454-l1529

---
record_id: batch.motif.celtic-welsh-mabinogion-guest-gutenberg-l1454-l1529
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
passage_locator:
  label: INTRODUCTION / C. E. G. / THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN / PEREDUR THE SON OF EVRAWC;
    lines 1454-1529
  start: '1454'
  end: '1529'
  translation: The Mabinogion
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: Peredur rides through deserted woods to two castles. At the first, a lame
    hoary-headed host, later identified as his maternal uncle, receives him, tests
    his ability through cudgel-and-shield play, and becomes his teacher in knighthood
    and conduct, including an instruction not to ask about wonders unless told. At
    the second castle, another hoary-headed nobleman, also his maternal uncle, tests
    him with a sword and iron staple. Peredur breaks and reunites the sword twice,
    but not the third time, and is told he has reached two-thirds of his strength.
    He then sees a bleeding spear and a blood-filled salver with a man's head carried
    through the hall, while the court laments; he does not ask their meaning.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: Peredur comes to a vast desert wood, a lake on its border, and a fair castle
    on the other side of the lake.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: A venerable hoary-headed man sits on a velvet cushion by the lake while attendants
    fish; the man is lame and goes toward the castle when he sees Peredur.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:3
  text: Peredur enters the open door of the palace hall, where the hoary-headed man
    sits before a large blazing fire and the household receives Peredur.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:4
  text: After a meal, the hoary-headed man asks whether Peredur can fight with a sword
    and has his two sons, one yellow-haired and one auburn-haired, play with cudgel
    and shield.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:5
  text: Peredur takes the cudgel and shield from the auburn-haired youth and strikes
    the yellow-haired youth so that blood flows from his brow.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:6
  text: The hoary-headed man identifies himself as Peredur's maternal uncle and says
    Peredur will remain with him to learn the customs of countries, courtesy, gentleness,
    noble bearing, and knighthood.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:7
  text: The uncle instructs Peredur not to ask the meaning of anything that causes
    wonder if no one explains it to him.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:8
  text: At dawn Peredur departs with his uncle's permission, crosses another vast
    desert wood and meadow, and enters another large castle with an open gate.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:9
  text: In the second hall, a stately hoary-headed man and his pages receive and honor
    Peredur, seat him beside the palace owner, and share food and drink with him.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:10
  text: The second nobleman asks whether Peredur can fight with a sword and directs
    him to strike a huge iron staple on the floor with a sword.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:11
  text: Peredur cuts the staple and sword in two; the pieces reunite twice, but on
    the third attempt neither the staple nor the sword reunites.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:12
  text: The second nobleman blesses Peredur, says he fights best with a sword of any
    man in the kingdom, and states that Peredur has attained two-thirds of his strength.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:13
  text: The second nobleman identifies himself as Peredur's maternal uncle and brother
    of the host from the previous night.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:14
  text: Two youths enter carrying a mighty spear with three streams of blood flowing
    from its point to the ground, and the company begins wailing and lamenting.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:15
  text: Because the host does not explain the spear, Peredur refrains from asking
    its meaning.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:16
  text: Two maidens enter carrying a large salver containing a man's head surrounded
    by much blood, and the court makes a great outcry.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: Peredur
  description: The youth who rides to the castles, receives hospitality and instruction,
    performs weapon tests, and refrains from asking about the marvels.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:6
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: First hoary-headed man
  description: A venerable, lame, hoary-headed man in velvet who hosts Peredur, tests
    him, identifies himself as Peredur's maternal uncle, and becomes his teacher.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Fishing attendants
  description: Attendants of the first hoary-headed man who are fishing in the lake.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Yellow-haired son
  description: One of the first uncle's two sons; he plays with cudgel and shield
    and is struck by Peredur until blood flows from his brow.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Auburn-haired son
  description: One of the first uncle's two sons; he plays with cudgel and shield
    before Peredur takes his cudgel and shield.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Second hoary-headed nobleman
  description: A stately hoary-headed man, owner of the second palace, who hosts Peredur,
    tests him with sword and staple, identifies himself as Peredur's maternal uncle,
    and states Peredur's degree of strength.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Pages of the second hall
  description: Pages around the second hoary-headed nobleman who arise to receive
    and honor Peredur.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Two youths bearing the spear
  description: Two youths who enter the hall and proceed to the chamber carrying a
    mighty spear with blood flowing from its point.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Company of the court
  description: The assembled company who wail and lament at the bloody spear and later
    make a great outcry at the salver with the head.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: Two maidens bearing the salver
  description: Two maidens who enter carrying a large salver containing a man's head
    surrounded by blood.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: heroic learner and tested youth
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: Peredur undergoes instruction, weapon tests, and behavioral discipline at
    the houses of his maternal uncles.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:6
  - ev:8
- id: role:2
  label: maternal uncle, host, and teacher
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: The first hoary-headed man hosts Peredur, calls himself his mother's brother,
    and says he will teach and knight him.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
- id: role:3
  label: martial testing partners
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  basis: The two sons demonstrate cudgel-and-shield play, and Peredur is directed
    to test himself against the yellow-haired youth.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:4
  label: maternal uncle, host, and assessor
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: The second nobleman hosts Peredur, sets the sword-and-staple test, judges
    his strength, and identifies himself as another maternal uncle.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: role:5
  label: bearers of marvel objects
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  - fig:10
  basis: The youths carry the bleeding spear and the maidens carry the salver with
    the severed head.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: role:6
  label: lamenting witnesses
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: The courtly company responds to the bloody spear and the salver with wailing,
    lamentation, and outcry.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: role:8
  label: attendants and receivers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  - fig:7
  basis: The fishing attendants serve the first hoary-headed man; the pages around
    the second host arise to receive and honor Peredur.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:5
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: lake
  literal_form: Lake at the edge of the vast desert wood, beside the first castle.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:2
  label: blazing fire
  literal_form: Large blazing fire burning before the first hoary-headed man in the
    hall.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:3
  label: cudgel and shield
  literal_form: Training weapons used by the uncle's two sons and then by Peredur.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:4
  label: sword and iron staple
  literal_form: A sword used to strike a huge iron staple on the floor of the second
    hall.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:5
  label: broken and reunited weapon
  literal_form: The sword and staple break and reunite twice, but fail to reunite
    on the third blow.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:6
  label: bleeding spear
  literal_form: A mighty spear with three streams of blood flowing from its point
    to the ground.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: sym:7
  label: three streams of blood
  literal_form: Three streams of blood flow from the spear point to the ground.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:8
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: sym:8
  label: salver with severed head
  literal_form: A large salver containing a man's head surrounded by abundant blood.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:10
  - fig:9
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Arrival at the lake castle
  summary: Peredur reaches a lake beside a vast desert wood, sees the castle and the
    lame hoary-headed man with fishing attendants, and enters the hall where he is
    received before a blazing fire.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: scene:2
  label: First martial test and kin recognition
  summary: After hospitality, the first host tests Peredur through cudgel-and-shield
    play with his sons; Peredur wounds the yellow-haired son, and the host identifies
    himself as Peredur's maternal uncle and teacher.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: scene:3
  label: Instruction not to ask about wonders
  summary: The first uncle teaches Peredur rules of conduct and tells him not to ask
    the meaning of marvelous things if no one explains them.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: scene:4
  label: Second castle and sword test
  summary: Peredur enters a second castle and is hosted by another hoary-headed nobleman,
    who tests him with a sword and huge iron staple; the objects reunite twice after
    being broken but not a third time, and Peredur is told he has two-thirds of his
    strength.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: scene:5
  label: Bloody marvels in the hall
  summary: While Peredur speaks with the second uncle, youths carry in a bleeding
    spear and maidens carry in a salver with a blood-surrounded man's head; the court
    laments, and Peredur does not ask their meaning.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:6
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:6
  - sym:7
  - sym:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: Martial initiation by maternal uncles
  taxonomy_refs:
  - initiation
  basis: Peredur is hosted by maternal uncles, tested in weapon use, instructed in
    conduct, and raised toward knighthood.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage presents instruction and testing clearly; broader initiation
    significance beyond this episode should be reviewed in wider narrative context.
- id: motif:2
  label: Prohibition against asking the meaning of wonders
  taxonomy_refs:
  - forbidden_knowledge
  basis: Peredur is explicitly instructed not to ask about wondrous things if not
    told, and later refrains from asking about the bleeding spear.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:8
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The available taxonomy label is broad; the passage concerns etiquette
    around inquiry rather than an explicit ban on possessing knowledge.
- id: motif:3
  label: Threefold weapon trial with incomplete restoration
  taxonomy_refs:
  - initiation
  basis: Peredur strikes the staple three times; the sword and staple reunite after
    the first two blows but fail to do so after the third, after which his host evaluates
    his partial strength.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage does not itself explain the full meaning of the failed third
    restoration.
- id: motif:4
  label: Procession of bloody marvel objects causing lamentation
  taxonomy_refs:
  - mystical_quest
  basis: A bleeding spear and a salver with a man's head are carried through the hall,
    provoking wailing and outcry from the court while their meaning remains unexplained
    to Peredur.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage supports the presence of unexplained marvels, but any quest
    function depends on wider narrative context not supplied here.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 1454-1461
  quote_or_summary: Peredur reaches a vast desert wood, a lake, and a fair castle;
    beside the lake a venerable hoary-headed man sits on a velvet cushion while attendants
    fish, then rises and goes toward the castle; he is lame.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 1461-1466
  quote_or_summary: Peredur enters the open palace door and hall; the hoary-headed
    man sits on a cushion with a large blazing fire before him, and the household
    receives Peredur before the meal.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 1466-1478
  quote_or_summary: After the meal, the host asks about sword-fighting; his yellow-haired
    and auburn-haired sons play with cudgel and shield, and Peredur strikes the yellow-haired
    youth so that blood flows from his brow.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 1478-1488
  quote_or_summary: The first host calls himself Peredur's maternal uncle, says he
    will teach him customs, courtesy, gentleness, noble bearing, and knighthood, and
    instructs him not to ask the meaning of wondrous things if no one explains them.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 1488-1498
  quote_or_summary: At dawn Peredur departs with permission, reaches another desert
    wood, meadow, and large castle, enters the hall, and is honored by a stately hoary-headed
    man with pages around him.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 1498-1510
  quote_or_summary: The second nobleman directs Peredur to strike a huge iron staple
    with a sword; the staple and sword break and reunite twice, but after the third
    blow neither reunites.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 1510-1516
  quote_or_summary: The second nobleman blesses Peredur, says he is the best sword-fighter
    in the kingdom, tells him he has reached two-thirds of his strength, and identifies
    himself as Peredur's maternal uncle and brother of the previous host.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: lines 1516-1523
  quote_or_summary: Two youths enter carrying a mighty spear with three streams of
    blood flowing from its point to the ground; the company wails, the host continues
    speaking, and Peredur does not ask because the meaning is not told.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: lines 1523-1529
  quote_or_summary: Two maidens enter with a large salver containing a man's head
    surrounded by much blood; the court makes a great outcry, later falls silent,
    and Peredur is brought to a chamber when it is time to sleep.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/celtic-welsh/project-gutenberg/mabinogion-guest.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: uncertain
  notes: Literal extraction is well supported by the supplied passage. Motif labels
    are candidate-level and should be checked against wider Peredur/Mabinogion context.
    No comparison claims were made because the passage itself does not explicitly
    support cross-text or historical comparison.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  Used only the provided passage and metadata; comparison_claims intentionally left empty.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:celtic-welsh-mabinogion-guest-gutenberg__l1454-l1529
  passage_sha256=885006909c5891c655fbd32b1e4750ec11cec06747f41d7aaaa068c4d7bda6b3