batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l9862-l9946
---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l9862-l9946
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
label: CHAPTER I. / IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD / CHAPTER II. / IN THE
NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD.; lines 9862-9946
start: '9862'
end: '9946'
translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: The passage gives ordinances for retaliation in cases of killing, mercy
through forgiveness and compensation, rules for bequests near death, and the obligation
of fasting, especially during Ramadan, when the Koran is said to have been sent
down from heaven as guidance and distinction between good and evil. Notes also
mention sect leaders abandoning followers at the last day and the practice of
invoking God's name when slaughtering animals for food.
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: A note states that at the last day leaders or originators of new sects will
forsake their disciples.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: A note states that animals killed for food are accompanied by saying 'In the
name of GOD,' and neglect of this makes the meat unlawful in the described practice.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:3
text: The law of retaliation is ordained for slain persons, with equivalences named
for free persons, servants, and women.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:4
text: Forgiveness by the slain person's brother permits prosecution for satisfaction
and a fine set with humanity.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:5
text: Killing the murderer after the stated indulgence is described as transgression
that brings grievous punishment.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:6
text: A person at the point of death who leaves goods is instructed to bequeath
a reasonable legacy to parents and kindred.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:7
text: Changing a legacy after hearing it is assigned as sin to those who change
it.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:8
text: Fasting is ordained for true believers as it was ordained for those before
them.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:9
text: Sick persons and travelers are permitted to fast an equal number of other
days.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:7
- id: obs:10
text: Those who do not keep the fast under the stated condition must redeem the
neglect by maintaining a poor man, according to the passage and its note.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:8
- id: obs:11
text: The month of Ramadan is identified as the month in which the Koran was sent
down from heaven.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:12
text: The Koran is described as direction for men and as a distinction between good
and evil.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: GOD / LORD
description: The divine authority who ordains, grants mercy, hears and knows, directs
believers, and is glorified and thanked.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- ev:5
- ev:7
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: true believers
description: The addressed community receiving ordinances on retaliation, bequests,
fasting, and Ramadan.
role_refs:
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:5
- ev:6
- ev:7
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: slain person and murderer
description: Persons involved in the law of retaliation; the murderer may be forgiven,
subject to satisfaction, or killed under the law.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: brother or relations of the slain
description: The brother may forgive; a note says relations of the deceased may
choose death for the murderer or pecuniary satisfaction.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:9
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: dying testator
description: A person at the point of death who leaves goods and bequeaths a legacy.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: parents and kindred
description: Recipients named for a reasonable legacy from a dying person.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: sick person or traveler
description: Persons exempted from fasting on the present days and instructed to
fast the same number of other days.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:7
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: poor man
description: A poor man maintained as redemption for neglect of fasting under the
stated condition.
role_refs:
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:8
- id: fig:9
name_or_label: leaders of new sects and disciples
description: Figures in the note who are said to separate from one another at the
last day.
role_refs:
- role:10
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
roles:
- id: role:1
label: divine lawgiver
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: The passage repeatedly states that laws are ordained and calls them indulgence
and mercy from the LORD.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- ev:6
- id: role:2
label: divine judge and guide
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: God is said to punish transgression, hear and know, direct believers, and
provide guidance through the Koran.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- ev:7
- id: role:3
label: addressed ritual-legal community
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: The passage directly addresses true believers as recipients of laws on retaliation
and fasting.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:6
- id: role:4
label: parties in homicide law
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: The slain and murderer are the subject of retaliation, forgiveness, satisfaction,
and punishment provisions.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: role:5
label: forgiving or compensating kin
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: The brother may forgive, and the note describes relatives choosing execution
or pecuniary satisfaction.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:9
- id: role:6
label: bequeather near death
assigned_to:
- fig:5
basis: The dying person leaves goods and bequeaths a legacy.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: role:7
label: kinship beneficiaries
assigned_to:
- fig:6
basis: Parents and kindred are named as recipients of a reasonable legacy.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: role:8
label: temporarily exempt fasters
assigned_to:
- fig:7
basis: Sick persons and travelers are told to fast the same number of days later.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:7
- id: role:9
label: recipient of compensatory maintenance
assigned_to:
- fig:8
basis: Maintaining a poor man is stated as redemption for neglect of the fast under
the relevant condition.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:8
- id: role:10
label: eschatological abandoners and followers
assigned_to:
- fig:9
basis: A note says heads of new sects will forsake their disciples at the last day.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: law of retaliation
literal_form: ordinance for the slain with stated equivalences and possible forgiveness
or compensation
associated_figures:
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: sym:2
label: legacy at death
literal_form: reasonable bequest by a dying person to parents and kindred
associated_figures:
- fig:5
- fig:6
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: sym:3
label: fast
literal_form: a certain number of days of fasting, with later replacement days for
the sick or travelers
associated_figures:
- fig:2
- fig:7
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:7
- id: sym:4
label: month of Ramadan
literal_form: the month in which fasting is commanded and the Koran was sent down
from heaven
associated_figures:
- fig:2
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: sym:5
label: Koran sent down from heaven
literal_form: the Koran described as descending from heaven as direction and distinction
between good and evil
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:2
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: sym:6
label: name of God at slaughter
literal_form: spoken formula 'In the name of GOD' over an animal killed for food
associated_figures:
- fig:1
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Last-day abandonment by sect leaders
summary: A note explains a passage as referring to sect leaders forsaking their
disciples at the last day.
figure_refs:
- fig:9
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: scene:2
label: Invocation over animal slaughter
summary: A note describes the practice of saying God's name when killing an animal
for food, with the meat considered unlawful if the invocation is neglected.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
symbol_refs:
- sym:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: scene:3
label: Retaliation, forgiveness, and compensation for killing
summary: The passage ordains retaliation for the slain, allows forgiveness and satisfaction,
and warns against further killing after the indulgence.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:4
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- ev:9
- id: scene:4
label: Deathbed bequest and correction of injustice
summary: A dying person is to leave a reasonable legacy to parents and kindred;
changing the legacy is sinful, while composing a mistaken or unjust matter is
not a crime.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:5
- fig:6
symbol_refs:
- sym:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: scene:5
label: Fasting ordinance and exemptions
summary: Believers are commanded to fast a certain number of days, with provisions
for sickness, travel, and maintenance of a poor man under the stated condition.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:7
- fig:8
symbol_refs:
- sym:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:8
- id: scene:6
label: Ramadan and heavenly descent of the Koran
summary: Ramadan is identified as the month of fasting and as the time when the
Koran was sent down from heaven for guidance and moral distinction.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
symbol_refs:
- sym:4
- sym:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: divine law with mercy and punishment
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: God is presented as the source of ordinances, mercy, and grievous punishment
for transgression.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- ev:5
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage is primarily legal and devotional; the motif label abstracts
from legal statements rather than a narrative episode.
- id: motif:2
label: ritual fasting as obedient fear of God
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Fasting is ordained for believers, linked to fearing God, fulfilling a number
of days, glorifying God, and giving thanks.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:7
confidence: high
cautions: No supplied taxonomy family directly names fasting.
- id: motif:3
label: heavenly revelation as guidance and moral distinction
taxonomy_refs:
- wisdom
basis: The Koran is said to be sent down from heaven as direction and distinction
between good and evil.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
confidence: medium
cautions: The available 'wisdom' taxonomy reference is broad; the passage specifically
concerns revelation and guidance.
- id: motif:4
label: sacred compensation for injury or omission
taxonomy_refs:
- sacred_exchange
basis: The passage allows satisfaction and fines in homicide cases and maintenance
of a poor man as redemption for neglect of fasting under the stated condition.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:6
- ev:9
confidence: medium
cautions: These are legal compensations; interpreting them as sacred exchange should
be reviewed.
- id: motif:5
label: eschatological abandonment of followers by false leaders
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: A note says leaders or heads of new sects will forsake their disciples at
the last day.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
confidence: medium
cautions: This motif is drawn from an explanatory note rather than the main translated
verse text in this excerpt.
- id: motif:6
label: divine-name consecration of food slaughter
taxonomy_refs:
- sacrifice
basis: A note states that animals killed for food are accompanied by the formula
'In the name of GOD' and are unlawful to eat if the formula is omitted.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
confidence: low
cautions: The passage concerns lawful slaughter for food, not necessarily sacrifice
in the narrower ritual sense.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
claim: The passage explicitly aligns the believers' fast with a prior pattern of
fasting ordained for those before them.
claim_level: same_function
target: fasting ordained for earlier communities
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: high
limitations: The earlier communities are not identified in this excerpt, and no
historical mechanism is described beyond the statement of prior ordination.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: lines 9862-9867
quote_or_summary: A note explains that at the last day the heads of new sects will
forsake or disown their disciples.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: lines 9868-9871
quote_or_summary: A note says Muslims invoke God's name when killing animals for
food and regard the meat as unlawful if the invocation is neglected.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: lines 9873-9877
quote_or_summary: The law of retaliation is ordained for the slain; forgiveness
by the brother allows prosecution for just satisfaction and a humane fine.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: lines 9878-9881
quote_or_summary: The passage calls the rule an indulgence and mercy from the Lord;
one who transgresses by killing the murderer afterward suffers grievous punishment,
and the law of retaliation is said to have life for those of understanding.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: lines 9882-9890
quote_or_summary: A person near death who leaves goods should bequeath a reasonable
legacy to parents and kindred; changing it is sinful, but composing a mistaken
or unjust matter is not a crime.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: lines 9891-9898
quote_or_summary: Fasting is ordained for believers as for those before them; sick
persons or travelers fast other days, and a poor man may be maintained as redemption
under the stated condition.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
type: summary
locator: lines 9899-9906
quote_or_summary: Ramadan is the month to fast, in which the Koran was sent down
from heaven as guidance and distinction between good and evil; sick persons and
travelers fast the same number of other days.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
type: summary
locator: lines 9922-9935
quote_or_summary: A note reports differing expositions of the fasting compensation
passage, including interpretations restricting it to persons unable to fast or
those with legal excuse.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
type: summary
locator: lines 9908-9916
quote_or_summary: Notes qualify the retaliation rule and describe the practice of
relatives choosing either execution of the murderer or pecuniary satisfaction,
particularly in Persia.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
extraction: medium
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: high
notes: The main legal and ritual content is clear. Some motif assignments are broad
and should be reviewed because the excerpt is legal-discursive rather than mythic
narrative.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
All observations are based on the supplied excerpt and metadata only; no external identifications or unstated parallels have been added.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l9862-l9946
passage_sha256=107c2903cc4f463312e7f5349e88276bccac4b93c12c8cfbc0f3b68ef1587c9e