Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l9415-l9483

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l9415-l9483

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l9415-l9483
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
  label: CHAPTER I. / IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD / CHAPTER II. / IN THE
    NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD.; lines 9415-9483
  start: '9415'
  end: '9483'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: The passage condemns hostility to God, angels, apostles, Gabriel, and Michael;
    describes evident signs and rejected covenants; says some scripture-recipients
    cast God's book behind them; recounts devils teaching sorcery associated with
    Solomon, while denying Solomon's unbelief; and describes Hart and Mart at Babel
    warning learners that they are a temptation before teaching a charm that can divide
    a husband and wife only by God's permission. Sale's notes add explanations about
    Gabriel, Michael, Solomon, magical books hidden under Solomon's throne, the story
    of Hart and Mart as angels punished at Babel, and comparisons with Persian and
    Jewish angel stories.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: God is described as an enemy to unbelievers who are enemies to God, his angels,
    his apostles, Gabriel, or Michael.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: Evident signs are said to have been sent down, and only evil-doers are said
    to disbelieve them.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:3
  text: Some people are described as rejecting a covenant whenever they make one.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:4
  text: An apostle from God comes confirming scripture already with the scripture-recipients,
    and some of them cast the book of God behind their backs.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:5
  text: The devils are said to have devised something against the kingdom of Solomon,
    while the passage states that Solomon was not an unbeliever.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:6
  text: The devils are described as teaching men sorcery.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:7
  text: Hart and Mart at Babel teach no one until first warning that they are a temptation
    and telling the learner not to become an unbeliever.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:8
  text: Men learn from Hart and Mart a charm by which they may cause division between
    a man and his wife.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:9
  text: The charm harms no one except by God's permission, and the learned art is
    described as harmful rather than profitable.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:10
  text: The passage says those who bought that art would have no share in the life
    to come and had sold their souls for a woful price.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:11
  text: Sale's note says devils hid books of magic under Solomon's throne after his
    death to damage his reputation, and that some common people learned the arts in
    those books.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:12
  text: Sale's note reports a story in which Hart and Mart are chosen from among angels
    to judge on earth, encounter Zohara or Venus as a beautiful woman, desire her,
    are not admitted back to heaven, and choose punishment in this life at Babel until
    the day of judgment.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:13
  text: Sale's note says a person wishing to learn magic may hear Hart and Mart's
    voice but cannot see them.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:14
  text: Sale's note explicitly compares the Hart and Mart story with Persian Magi
    accounts of two rebellious angels in Babel and with a Jewish story about Shamhozai
    suspended between heaven and earth.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:15
  text: Sale's note identifies Michael as protector or guardian angel of the Jews
    and Gabriel as an angel of revelations.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: God
  description: Divine authority who sends signs, opposes unbelievers, permits or withholds
    harm, gives reward, and is associated with judgment about the life to come.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:4
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Gabriel
  description: Named angel; Sale's note calls him an angel of revelations.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:8
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Michael
  description: Named angel; Sale's note calls him protector or guardian angel of the
    Jews and messenger of peace and plenty.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:8
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Apostle from God
  description: Messenger from God who confirms scripture already possessed by scripture-recipients.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Some scripture-recipients / covenant rejecters
  description: People described as rejecting covenants and casting the book of God
    behind their backs.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Devils
  description: Beings said to devise against Solomon's kingdom and teach men sorcery;
    Sale's note says they hide books of magic under Solomon's throne.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:5
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Solomon
  description: King whose kingdom is linked with the devils' devices; the passage
    denies that he was an unbeliever.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:5
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Hart and Mart
  description: Two angels at Babel associated with teaching magic after warning learners;
    Sale's note describes them as punished at Babel until judgment.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:6
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Men learning sorcery
  description: Learners who receive sorcery from devils or learn a charm from Hart
    and Mart.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: A man and his wife
  description: Married pair whom the learned charm may divide.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:11
  name_or_label: Zohara / planet Venus
  description: In Sale's note, a figure who descends and appears as a beautiful woman
    bringing a complaint against her husband; Hart and Mart fall in love with her.
  role_refs:
  - role:11
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: fig:12
  name_or_label: Pious man
  description: In Sale's note, an intercessor after Hart and Mart are not admitted
    back to heaven.
  role_refs:
  - role:12
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: fig:13
  name_or_label: Shamhozai
  description: In Sale's comparative note, a Jewish angel who sins with women, repents,
    and hangs himself between heaven and earth as penance.
  role_refs:
  - role:13
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: Divine authority and judge
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: God sends signs, controls permission for harm, and is the source of reward
    or exclusion from the life to come.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:4
- id: role:2
  label: Named angelic messenger or guardian
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  basis: Gabriel and Michael are named among angels; Sale's note assigns Gabriel revelatory
    function and Michael guardian function.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:8
- id: role:3
  label: Scripture-confirming messenger
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: The apostle from God confirms the scripture already with the recipients.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: role:4
  label: Covenant and scripture rejecter
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: They reject covenants and cast the book of God behind their backs.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: role:5
  label: Deceptive sorcery-teacher
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: The devils devise against Solomon and teach men sorcery; the note says they
    hide magical books to damage Solomon's reputation.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:5
- id: role:6
  label: Exonerated king
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: The passage explicitly states that Solomon was not an unbeliever despite
    the devils' devices against his kingdom.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:7
  label: Warning magical instructor
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: Hart and Mart teach only after warning that they are a temptation and telling
    learners not to become unbelievers.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:8
  label: Punished descended angel
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: Sale's note reports that Hart and Mart descend to earth, fail through desire,
    and suffer punishment in Babel until judgment.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: role:9
  label: Learner or buyer of harmful art
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: Men learn sorcery or a charm that harms rather than profits, and the buyer
    of the art loses share in the life to come.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: role:10
  label: Potentially divided spouses
  assigned_to:
  - fig:10
  basis: The charm is described as able to cause division between a man and his wife.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:11
  label: Desired woman in angelic fall story
  assigned_to:
  - fig:11
  basis: Zohara or Venus appears as a beautiful woman, and Hart and Mart fall in love
    with her.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: role:12
  label: Intercessor
  assigned_to:
  - fig:12
  basis: A pious man intercedes after Hart and Mart are not admitted back to heaven.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: role:13
  label: Comparative penitent fallen angel
  assigned_to:
  - fig:13
  basis: Sale's note presents Shamhozai as a Jewish parallel who sins, repents, and
    suspends himself between heaven and earth.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: Covenant
  literal_form: Covenant or agreement made and then rejected
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs:
  - covenant
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:2
  label: Book of God
  literal_form: Scripture cast behind the backs of some recipients
  associated_figures:
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:3
  label: Sorcery and charm
  literal_form: Magical art or charm learned from devils or from Hart and Mart
  associated_figures:
  - fig:6
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  taxonomy_refs:
  - forbidden_knowledge
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: sym:4
  label: Babel
  literal_form: Place where Hart and Mart teach or suffer punishment
  associated_figures:
  - fig:8
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:6
- id: sym:5
  label: Hidden books under the throne
  literal_form: Books of magic hidden under Solomon's throne in Sale's note
  associated_figures:
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  taxonomy_refs:
  - forbidden_knowledge
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:6
  label: Zohara / Venus as beautiful woman
  literal_form: Planet Venus or a woman appearing in beautiful form
  associated_figures:
  - fig:8
  - fig:11
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:7
  label: Suspension between heaven and earth
  literal_form: Punitive or penitential hanging between heaven and earth in the comparative
    Jewish note
  associated_figures:
  - fig:13
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: sym:8
  label: Life to come
  literal_form: Afterlife share denied to the buyer of the magical art
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:9
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Condemnation of hostility to God and angels
  summary: The passage states that whoever is an enemy to God, angels, apostles, Gabriel,
    or Michael is opposed by God as an unbeliever.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: Rejected covenant and scripture
  summary: Evident signs are sent down; some people reject covenants and some scripture-recipients
    cast God's book behind them when an apostle confirms their scripture.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: scene:3
  label: Sorcery attributed to devils rather than Solomon
  summary: The passage says devils devised against Solomon's kingdom and taught sorcery,
    while Solomon is declared not to be an unbeliever.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  - fig:9
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: scene:4
  label: Hart and Mart teach with a warning
  summary: At Babel, Hart and Mart warn learners that they are a temptation; learners
    acquire a charm that may divide spouses but harms only by God's permission and
    damages the learner's afterlife prospects.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  - sym:4
  - sym:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: scene:5
  label: Magical books hidden under Solomon's throne
  summary: Sale's note explains that devils hid magical books beneath Solomon's throne
    after his death to slander him, and that some people learned the evil arts.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  - fig:9
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: scene:6
  label: Descent, temptation, and punishment of Hart and Mart
  summary: Sale's note recounts that Hart and Mart descend as judges, are tempted
    through desire for Zohara, are barred from heaven, and choose punishment in this
    life at Babel until the day of judgment.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:8
  - fig:11
  - fig:12
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: scene:7
  label: Comparative angel traditions
  summary: Sale's note compares Hart and Mart with Persian rebellious angels punished
    in Babel and with the Jewish angel Shamhozai suspended between heaven and earth.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:8
  - fig:13
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: Rejected covenant and discarded scripture
  taxonomy_refs:
  - covenant
  basis: The passage describes covenants being rejected and the book of God being
    cast behind the backs of some scripture-recipients.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage is polemical and does not narrate a single covenant-making
    event in detail.
- id: motif:2
  label: Forbidden or dangerous magical knowledge
  taxonomy_refs:
  - forbidden_knowledge
  basis: Devils teach sorcery; Hart and Mart teach a charm only after warning learners;
    the art harms rather than profits and endangers the learner's share in the life
    to come.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage frames the knowledge as a temptation rather than simply as
    secret wisdom.
- id: motif:3
  label: Charm that divides spouses
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Men learn from Hart and Mart a charm by which they may cause division between
    a man and his wife.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  confidence: high
  cautions: No broader marriage myth is narrated in the main passage.
- id: motif:4
  label: Trickster slander through hidden magical books
  taxonomy_refs:
  - trickster_boundary
  - forbidden_knowledge
  basis: Sale's note says devils hide magical books under Solomon's throne to damage
    his reputation and induce people to learn evil arts.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  confidence: medium
  cautions: This is from the translator's explanatory note, not the translated Qur'anic
    line itself.
- id: motif:5
  label: Angels descend, are tempted, and are punished until judgment
  taxonomy_refs:
  - departure
  - divine_judgment
  basis: Sale's note recounts Hart and Mart being sent down to judge, desiring Zohara,
    being refused return to heaven, and choosing punishment in this life at Babel
    until judgment.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The longer narrative is explicitly introduced as a reported fable in the
    note, with variant accounts.
- id: motif:6
  label: Divine permission limits magical harm
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The passage states that the charm hurts no one unless by God's permission.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  confidence: medium
  cautions: This is a theological constraint on the magic motif rather than a separate
    full narrative episode.
- id: motif:7
  label: Angelic messenger and guardian functions
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Gabriel and Michael are named; Sale's note identifies Gabriel with revelations
    and Michael with protection or guardianship of the Jews.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:8
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The functional identifications are supplied by the translator's note.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: Sale's note asserts that the Hart and Mart story was taken from Persian Magi
    traditions about two rebellious angels of the same names punished in the territory
    of Babel.
  claim_level: historical_contact
  target: Persian Magi tradition of two rebellious angels punished at Babel
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: low
  limitations: The passage provides a translator's assertion of borrowing but no independent
    demonstration within the excerpt.
- id: claim:2
  claim: Sale's note presents a Jewish story of Shamhozai as similar to the Hart and
    Mart material, especially in the theme of an angel sinning with women and undergoing
    suspended penance.
  claim_level: same_motif
  target: Jewish story of the angel Shamhozai suspended between heaven and earth
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The note says only that the Jews have 'something like this'; the excerpt
    gives a brief parallel rather than a full comparative account.
- id: claim:3
  claim: The passage's sorcery episode fits a broader forbidden-knowledge pattern
    in which supernatural beings transmit dangerous arts after a warning, with moral
    and afterlife consequences for learners.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: forbidden_knowledge motif family
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The available taxonomy supplies the motif family, but the passage itself
    does not use comparative terminology.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 9415-9419
  quote_or_summary: Enemies of God, angels, apostles, Gabriel, or Michael are enemies
    opposed by God; evident signs are sent down and disbelieved only by evil-doers.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 9420-9425
  quote_or_summary: Some reject covenants; when an apostle from God confirms existing
    scripture, some scripture-recipients cast the book of God behind their backs.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 9426-9430
  quote_or_summary: The passage says people followed what devils devised against Solomon's
    kingdom; Solomon was not an unbeliever; the devils taught men sorcery.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 9430-9438
  quote_or_summary: Hart and Mart at Babel warn learners that they are a temptation;
    men learn a charm to divide husband and wife, though harm occurs only by God's
    permission; the art harms the learner and costs a share in the life to come.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 9450-9461
  quote_or_summary: Sale's note says devils hid books of magic under Solomon's throne
    after his death to slander him; some refused the arts, others learned them, and
    Solomon was cleared of idolatry.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 9462-9477
  quote_or_summary: Sale's note recounts variants in which Hart and Mart are angels
    sent to teach magic and tempt; in a longer story they descend as judges, desire
    Zohara/Venus, are barred from heaven, choose punishment in this life, and remain
    in Babel until judgment; their voice may be heard though they cannot be seen.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 9478-9483
  quote_or_summary: Sale's note says the story comes from Persian Magi accounts of
    two rebellious angels of the same names hung upside down in Babel, and that Jewish
    tradition has a similar story of Shamhozai, who sinned with women, repented, and
    hung between heaven and earth.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: lines 9441-9449
  quote_or_summary: Sale's note says Michael was protector or guardian angel of the
    Jews, while Gabriel was associated with revelations and messages.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: medium
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: low
  notes: Main translated passage is straightforward, but several narrative details
    and comparisons come from Sale's notes and should be reviewed separately from
    the Qur'anic translation.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  All observations and motif candidates are based only on the supplied passage text and metadata. Taxonomy references are limited to the provided available taxonomy list.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l9415-l9483
  passage_sha256=f7b7bf8090e880f1e71b66f7b4570dd64dbe2b722469869da88dcb237428382f