Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l9159-l9242

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l9159-l9242

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l9159-l9242
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
  label: CHAPTER I. / IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD / CHAPTER II. / IN THE
    NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD.; lines 9159-9242
  start: '9159'
  end: '9242'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: The passage includes commentary on salvation and abrogation, a tradition
    that God lifted a mountain over the Israelites to compel acceptance of Moses'
    law, a story of Sabbath-breakers at Ailah transformed into apes and destroyed,
    and Qur'anic narration of Moses conveying God's command to sacrifice a specified
    cow. After a murder dispute, the dead body is struck with part of the sacrificed
    cow and God raises the dead to life. The passage also compares hardened hearts
    to stones and says some people hear and pervert God's word while concealing what
    God knows.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: Some commentators are described as debating whether a passage about Jews,
    Christians, and Sabians being saved is abrogated or requires becoming Muslim.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: A tradition says the Israelites refused Moses' law and God tore up a mountain
    by the roots and shook it over their heads to frighten them into compliance.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: In a story set at Ailah or Elath on the Red Sea, fish came to shore on the
    Sabbath and returned to the sea afterward.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:4
  text: Some inhabitants caught, dressed, and ate fish on the Sabbath and later made
    canals and sluices to trap fish on the Sabbath.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:5
  text: David cursed the Sabbath-breakers, and God transformed them into apes; after
    three days they were destroyed by a wind that swept them into the sea.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:6
  text: 'God commands Moses'' people to sacrifice a cow, and Moses conveys detailed
    identifying features: middle-aged, intensely red, not trained for ploughing or
    watering, sound, and without blemish.'
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:7
  text: Moses' people repeatedly ask for clarification about the cow before sacrificing
    it, and they nearly leave the command undone.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:8
  text: After a man is slain and people dispute concerning him, God brings to light
    what had been concealed.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:9
  text: The dead body is struck with part of the sacrificed cow, and God raises the
    dead to life as a sign.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:10
  text: Hearts are described as hardened like stones or harder; some stones send forth
    rivers, some split and issue water, and some fall down for fear of God.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:11
  text: A group is accused of hearing God's word and then perverting it knowingly,
    and of concealing what God has revealed.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: God
  description: Divine actor who commands sacrifice, raises the dead, reveals signs,
    knows what is concealed and published, and in traditions lifts a mountain and
    transforms offenders.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:2
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Moses
  description: Prophetic speaker who tells his people God's command to sacrifice a
    cow and answers their questions with God's specifications.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Moses' people
  description: The addressed community that questions Moses about the commanded cow,
    sacrifices it, and is connected with the dispute over a slain man.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: The sacrificial cow
  description: A middle-aged, intensely red, sound, unblemished cow not broken to
    plough or water the field.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: The slain man / dead body
  description: A man who has been killed; his body is struck with part of the sacrificed
    cow and is raised to life.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: David
  description: Figure in the note who curses the Sabbath-breakers in the Ailah story.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Sabbath-breakers at Ailah
  description: Inhabitants who catch and trap fish on the Sabbath, become obstinate,
    are transformed into apes, and are destroyed by wind into the sea.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Observant inhabitants at Ailah
  description: Inhabitants who strictly observe the Sabbath and try by persuasion
    and force to stop the impiety.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Fish at Ailah
  description: Fish that come in great numbers to the shore during the Sabbath and
    return to the sea afterward.
  role_refs:
  - role:11
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: A friend of a transformed offender
  description: A person who visits a transformed friend, recognizes him in ape form,
    asks whether he is the same person, and says he had advised him to desist.
  role_refs:
  - role:12
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:11
  name_or_label: People accused of perverting God's word
  description: A part of them hear God's word, pervert it after understanding, and
    speak differently to believers than in private assemblies.
  role_refs:
  - role:13
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: divine commander
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: God commands the sacrifice of a cow.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:2
  label: divine judge and punisher
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: God terrifies Israelites with a mountain and transforms Sabbath-breakers
    into apes in the cited traditions.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: role:3
  label: giver of life and revealer of hidden things
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: God brings concealed matters to light and raises the dead to life.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:4
  label: prophetic mediator
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: Moses conveys God's command and specifications to his people.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:5
  label: commanded community
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: Moses' people are commanded to sacrifice the cow and question its identity.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:6
  label: sacrificial animal
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: The cow is specified by divine command and then sacrificed.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:7
  label: restored dead person
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: The dead body is struck with part of the sacrificed cow and God raises the
    dead to life.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:8
  label: curse pronouncer
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: David curses the Sabbath-breakers.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:9
  label: transgressors under punishment
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: They break the Sabbath, are transformed into apes, and are later destroyed.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:10
  label: observant admonishers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: They strictly observe the Sabbath and try to stop the offenders.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:11
  label: tempting abundance
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: The fish come to shore in great numbers on the Sabbath, described as tempting
    the inhabitants.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:12
  label: witness to transformation
  assigned_to:
  - fig:10
  basis: The friend sees the transformed offender in ape form and speaks to him.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:13
  label: concealers and perverters of revelation
  assigned_to:
  - fig:11
  basis: They hear and pervert God's word and conceal what has been revealed.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: uprooted mountain
  literal_form: A mountain torn up by the roots and shaken over the Israelites' heads.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs:
  - mountain
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:2
  label: Sabbath fish
  literal_form: Fish that come to the Red Sea shore in great numbers on the Sabbath
    and return afterward.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:9
  - fig:7
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:3
  label: red unblemished sacrificial cow
  literal_form: A middle-aged, intensely red, sound cow without blemish and not used
    for field labor.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacrifice
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: sym:4
  label: part of the sacrificed cow
  literal_form: A part of the sacrificed cow used to strike the dead body.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacrifice
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:5
  label: water from stones
  literal_form: Rivers bursting from stones and water issuing from split stones.
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:6
  label: hardened hearts as stones
  literal_form: Hearts described as like stones or harder than stones.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:7
  label: ape form
  literal_form: Sabbath-breakers transformed into apes, including one who signals
    recognition and weeps.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:7
  - fig:10
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Debate over salvation and abrogation
  summary: Commentary presents differing interpretations of whether a salvation passage
    is abrogated and whether salvation requires becoming Muslim.
  figure_refs: []
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: Mountain raised over the Israelites
  summary: A tradition says God uproots a mountain and shakes it above the Israelites
    to frighten them into accepting Moses' law.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: scene:3
  label: Sabbath fish and punishment at Ailah
  summary: Fish appear on the Sabbath; some inhabitants violate the Sabbath by catching
    and trapping them, resist admonition, are cursed by David, transformed into apes
    by God, and destroyed by wind into the sea.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: scene:4
  label: Specification and sacrifice of the cow
  summary: Moses relays God's command to sacrifice a cow; the people ask repeated
    questions, receive detailed identifying features, and finally sacrifice her though
    nearly leaving it undone.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: scene:5
  label: Hidden murder revealed and dead raised
  summary: After a slain man becomes the subject of dispute, God reveals what was
    concealed; the corpse is struck with part of the sacrificed cow and God raises
    the dead to life as a sign.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: scene:6
  label: Hearts hardened like stones
  summary: The passage compares hardened hearts to stones while noting that stones
    may release rivers or water or fall from fear of God.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:5
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: scene:7
  label: Perverting and concealing revelation
  summary: A group is accused of hearing God's word, perverting it knowingly, speaking
    differently to believers and in private, and concealing what God knows.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:11
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: Commanded sacrifice of a selected animal
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacrifice
  basis: God commands the sacrifice of a cow, whose age, color, labor status, soundness,
    and lack of blemish are specified before it is sacrificed.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage gives no broader ritual system beyond this specific commanded
    sacrifice.
- id: motif:2
  label: Restoration of the dead through a sacrificial object
  taxonomy_refs:
  - resurrection
  basis: The dead body is struck with part of the sacrificed cow and God raises the
    dead to life.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  confidence: high
  cautions: The resurrection is presented as a divine sign, not as an extended afterlife
    journey.
- id: motif:3
  label: Divine judgment on transgressors
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The Sabbath-breakers are transformed into apes and destroyed after violating
    the Sabbath; the murder concealment is also exposed by God.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:5
  confidence: high
  cautions: The Ailah material is supplied in a commentary note rather than in the
    main translated verses of this line range.
- id: motif:4
  label: Punitive human-to-animal transformation
  taxonomy_refs:
  - shapeshifter
  basis: God transforms Sabbath-breakers into apes after David curses them.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  confidence: medium
  cautions: This is an involuntary punishment transformation rather than voluntary
    shapeshifting.
- id: motif:5
  label: Law accepted under an overshadowing mountain
  taxonomy_refs:
  - covenant
  basis: A tradition says God lifts a mountain over the Israelites' heads to terrify
    them into compliance with Moses' law.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage does not use the word covenant in this excerpt; the motif
    assignment rests on the law-acceptance scene.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 9159-9174
  quote_or_summary: Commentary describes disputes over whether a salvation passage
    is abrogated and how Jews, Christians, and Sabians may or may not be included
    in salvation.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary used.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 9175-9177
  quote_or_summary: A tradition says Israelites refused Moses' law, so God tore up
    a mountain by the roots and shook it over their heads to terrify them into compliance.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary used.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 9178-9199
  quote_or_summary: At Ailah on the Red Sea, Sabbath fish tempted inhabitants; some
    trapped and ate them, resisted correction, were cursed by David, transformed into
    apes by God, remained three days, and were swept into the sea by wind.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary used.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 9208-9223
  quote_or_summary: Moses tells his people God commands them to sacrifice a cow; after
    repeated questions, the cow is specified as middle-aged, intensely red, not used
    for ploughing or watering, sound, and unblemished; they sacrifice her but nearly
    fail to do so.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary used.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 9224-9227
  quote_or_summary: After a man is slain and disputed over, God reveals what was concealed;
    the people are told to strike the dead body with part of the sacrificed cow, and
    God raises the dead to life.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary used.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 9228-9230
  quote_or_summary: Hearts become hardened like stones or harder; some stones release
    rivers or water, and others fall down for fear of God.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary used.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 9231-9242
  quote_or_summary: A group hears God's word and perverts it knowingly; they speak
    belief to true believers but privately discuss withholding revelation, while God
    knows what they conceal and publish.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary used.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: uncertain
  notes: Main narrative elements are explicit in the provided passage. Motif assignments
    are limited to the supplied taxonomy and should be reviewed, especially where
    commentary notes rather than the main translated verses supply the tradition.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  No comparison claims were added because the passage does not itself support a specific comparative-mythology claim beyond internal commentary and doctrinal cross-reference.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l9159-l9242
  passage_sha256=67bf2b44f3251b1acbfaf1c4ba903763eada115860b5b5a21661ceb588df6b38