Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l8766-l8859

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l8766-l8859

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l8766-l8859
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
  label: CHAPTER I. / IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD / CHAPTER II. / IN THE
    NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD.; lines 8766-8859
  start: '8766'
  end: '8859'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: The passage contrasts unbelievers with believers through parables of extinguished
    fire and a storm with thunder and lightning; calls people to serve God as creator
    and sustainer; warns of fire for unbelievers and promises river-watered gardens
    to believers. It then discusses divine parables, covenant-breaking, death and
    restoration to life, the creation of earth and seven heavens, and the episode
    in which God tells the angels he will place a substitute on earth, teaches Adam
    the names of all things, and commands the angels to worship Adam; Eblis refuses
    through pride.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: Unbelievers are described as wandering in confusion after God continues them
    in impiety.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: A parable compares them to one who kindles a fire, after which God takes away
    their light and leaves them in darkness.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: A second parable compares them to people in a storm cloud with darkness, thunder,
    and lightning, who put fingers in their ears from fear of death.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:4
  text: The passage says God made the earth a bed, the heaven a covering, sent down
    water from heaven, and produced fruits for sustenance.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:5
  text: Unbelievers are warned to fear a fire whose fuel is men and stones.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:6
  text: Believers who do good works are promised gardens watered by rivers, fruit,
    pure wives, and perpetual continuance there.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:7
  text: God is said to propound a parable of a gnat or something more despicable,
    by which many are misled and many directed.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:8
  text: Transgressors are described as making void God's covenant, cutting apart what
    God commanded to be joined, and acting corruptly on earth.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:9
  text: The passage states that God gave life after death, will cause death, will
    restore to life again, and that people will return to him.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:10
  text: God is said to have created what is on earth and formed heaven into seven
    heavens.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: obs:11
  text: God announces to the angels that he will place a substitute on earth; the
    angels ask whether this being will do evil and shed blood.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: obs:12
  text: God teaches Adam the names of all things and asks the angels to declare the
    names; the angels say they know only what God teaches them.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
- id: obs:13
  text: Adam tells the names of the things, and God says he knows the secrets of heaven
    and earth and what is disclosed and concealed.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
- id: obs:14
  text: The angels are commanded to worship Adam; all do so except Eblis, who refuses,
    is proud, and becomes one of the unbelievers.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:14
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: God
  description: The divine speaker and actor who creates, directs, misleads transgressors,
    judges, teaches Adam, and commands the angels.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:2
  - role:3
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:7
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
  - ev:12
  - ev:14
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: unbelievers / infidels / transgressors
  description: People described as confused, in darkness, fearful in storm imagery,
    covenant-breaking, corrupt, and destined for punishment unless directed otherwise.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: believers who do good works
  description: Those promised gardens watered by rivers, fruit, pure wives, and perpetual
    continuance.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Adam
  description: The figure taught the names of all things by God and commanded to be
    worshipped by the angels.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
  - ev:13
  - ev:14
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: angels
  description: Heavenly beings who question the placement of a substitute on earth,
    acknowledge their limited knowledge, and worship Adam when commanded.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
  - ev:14
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Eblis
  description: The being who refuses to worship Adam, is proud, and becomes one of
    the unbelievers.
  role_refs:
  - role:11
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:14
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: servant
  description: The recipient associated with the revelation sent down, challenged
    as beyond human imitation in the passage.
  role_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:15
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: false gods and idols
  description: Translator's note identifies the witnesses besides God as false gods
    and idols.
  role_refs:
  - role:12
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:16
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: creator and sustainer
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: God creates people, earth, heaven, water, fruits, and all that is on earth.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:10
- id: role:2
  label: judge and punisher
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: God leaves unbelievers in darkness, encompasses infidels, warns of fire,
    and says transgressors shall perish.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:5
  - ev:8
- id: role:3
  label: giver of life and restorer
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The passage says God gave life, will cause death, and will restore life again.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: role:4
  label: teacher of hidden knowledge
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: God teaches Adam the names and knows the secrets of heaven and earth.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
  - ev:13
- id: role:5
  label: misdirected or resistant hearers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: They are represented through parables of lost light and fearful response
    to thunder and lightning.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: role:6
  label: covenant breakers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: Transgressors make void God's covenant and sever what God commanded joined.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: role:7
  label: rewarded righteous
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: Believers doing good works receive good tidings of gardens and continued
    life there.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: role:8
  label: named human substitute on earth
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: God announces a substitute on earth and then teaches Adam the names of all
    things.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
- id: role:9
  label: demonstrator of taught knowledge
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: Adam tells the names after the angels cannot declare them.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
  - ev:13
- id: role:10
  label: obedient heavenly beings with limited knowledge
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: The angels say they have no knowledge except what God teaches and obey the
    command to worship Adam.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
  - ev:14
- id: role:11
  label: proud refuser
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: Eblis refuses the command, is puffed up with pride, and becomes among unbelievers.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:14
- id: role:12
  label: rival invoked witnesses
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: The note glosses witnesses besides God as false gods and idols.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:16
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: extinguished or removed light
  literal_form: fire kindled, light taken away, darkness remaining
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:2
  label: storm cloud with thunder and lightning
  literal_form: stormy cloud from heaven, darkness, thunder, lightning, fear of death
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:3
  label: water from heaven
  literal_form: water descending from heaven producing fruits
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:4
  label: punitive fire
  literal_form: fire whose fuel is men and stones
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:5
  label: paradisal gardens and rivers
  literal_form: gardens watered by rivers with fruit
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:6
  label: gnat parable
  literal_form: a gnat or more despicable thing used as a divine parable
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: sym:7
  label: covenant
  literal_form: covenant of God established and then made void by transgressors
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: sym:8
  label: seven heavens
  literal_form: heaven formed into seven heavens
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: sym:9
  label: names of all things
  literal_form: names taught to Adam and declared before the angels
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
  - ev:13
- id: sym:10
  label: worship of Adam
  literal_form: command to the angels to worship Adam; Eblis refuses
  associated_figures:
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:14
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Parables of unbelief as lost light and storm fear
  summary: 'Unbelievers are represented through two images: one of a kindled fire
    whose light is removed, and another of people in a storm who fear thunder and
    are intermittently guided by lightning.'
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: scene:2
  label: Creator exhortation, revelation challenge, and contrasting destinies
  summary: People are called to serve the creator who made earth, heaven, water, and
    fruits; doubters are challenged to produce a similar chapter; unbelievers are
    warned of fire while believers are promised gardens.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  - sym:4
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:15
  - ev:16
- id: scene:3
  label: Parable of the gnat and covenant-breaking
  summary: God's use of even a gnat as parable divides believers and unbelievers;
    transgressors are identified as those who void God's covenant, sever what was
    to be joined, and corrupt the earth.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:6
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: scene:4
  label: Life, death, restoration, and cosmic formation
  summary: The passage states a sequence of death, life, death, restoration to life,
    and return to God, then describes God creating what is on earth and forming heaven
    into seven heavens.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
- id: scene:5
  label: Adam, the angels, and Eblis
  summary: God announces a substitute on earth, teaches Adam the names, demonstrates
    Adam's knowledge before the angels, and commands the angels to worship Adam; all
    comply except Eblis, who refuses in pride.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:9
  - sym:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
  - ev:13
  - ev:14
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: Divine judgment of unbelief
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: Unbelievers are described as left in darkness, encompassed by God, warned
    of a fire prepared for unbelievers, and identified with transgressors who shall
    perish.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:5
  - ev:8
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage also includes exhortation and parable; judgment is one prominent
    strand rather than the only theme.
- id: motif:2
  label: Covenant broken after establishment
  taxonomy_refs:
  - covenant
  basis: Transgressors are said to make void the covenant of God after it was established
    and to sever what God commanded joined.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  confidence: high
  cautions: The specific covenant is not detailed in this passage.
- id: motif:3
  label: Death, restoration to life, and return to God
  taxonomy_refs:
  - resurrection
  basis: The passage states that God gave life after death, will cause death, will
    restore life again, and that people return to him.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  confidence: high
  cautions: The statement is doctrinal and compressed, not a narrated journey.
- id: motif:4
  label: Divinely taught wisdom surpassing angelic knowledge
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: God teaches Adam the names of all things; the angels admit they know only
    what God teaches; Adam declares the names.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
  - ev:13
  confidence: high
  cautions: The content of the names is not specified beyond 'all things' and 'these
    things.'
- id: motif:5
  label: Paradisal reward with river-watered gardens
  taxonomy_refs:
  - afterlife_journey_map
  basis: Believers who do good works are promised gardens watered by rivers, fruit,
    pure wives, and eternal continuance.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage describes an afterlife destination but not a journey through
    it.
- id: motif:6
  label: Refusal of divine command through pride
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: Eblis refuses the command to worship Adam, is described as proud, and becomes
    one of the unbelievers.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:14
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The punitive outcome beyond becoming one of the unbelievers is not narrated
    in this line range.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: 'The passage itself uses explicit comparison: unbelievers are likened to
    a person whose kindled fire gives light before God removes the light, leaving
    darkness.'
  claim_level: same_function
  target: parable of lost illumination as image of resistant unbelief
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:17
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: high
  limitations: This is an internal parabolic comparison, not evidence of historical
    contact with another tradition.
- id: claim:2
  claim: 'The passage and translator''s note present the storm-cloud image as another
    internal comparison for unbelieving Arabs'' response to revelation: thunder as
    threats, lightning as promises, and darkness as mysteries.'
  claim_level: same_function
  target: storm imagery as image of fearful and intermittent response to revelation
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:18
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The symbolic equivalences come from the translator's note citing Muslim
    doctors, not from the main translated verse alone.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8766-8769
  quote_or_summary: God is said to mock them, continue them in impiety, and they wander
    in confusion; they have purchased error for true direction.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8770-8774
  quote_or_summary: They are likened to one kindling a fire; when it lights the surroundings,
    God takes away their light and leaves them in darkness so they do not see; they
    are deaf, dumb, and blind.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8775-8782
  quote_or_summary: They are likened to people in a storm cloud with darkness, thunder,
    and lightning; they stop their ears for fear of death; lightning nearly takes
    their sight, and they move only when it lights the way.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8782-8786
  quote_or_summary: People are told to serve the Lord who created them and earlier
    generations, spread the earth as a bed, made heaven a covering, sent down water,
    and produced fruits for sustenance.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8787-8792
  quote_or_summary: Doubters are challenged to produce a chapter like the revelation;
    if they cannot, they should fear the fire whose fuel is men and stones, prepared
    for unbelievers.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8793-8799
  quote_or_summary: Believers who do good works are promised gardens watered by rivers,
    fruit for sustenance, wives subject to no impurity, and eternal continuance there.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8825-8830
  quote_or_summary: God will not be ashamed to use a gnat or something more despicable
    as a parable; believers recognize truth, while unbelievers question it; many are
    misled and many directed by it, but only transgressors are misled.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8831-8834
  quote_or_summary: Transgressors make void God's covenant after its establishment,
    cut apart what God commanded joined, act corruptly in the earth, and shall perish.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8835-8837
  quote_or_summary: The passage asks how people do not believe in God, since they
    were dead and he gave life; he will cause death, restore life again, and they
    will return to him.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:10
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8838-8840
  quote_or_summary: God created for people whatever is on earth and formed heaven
    into seven heavens; he knows all things.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:11
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8841-8845
  quote_or_summary: God tells the angels he will place a substitute on earth; they
    ask whether he will place there one who will do evil and shed blood while they
    praise and sanctify him; God says he knows what they do not.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:12
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8846-8849
  quote_or_summary: God teaches Adam the names of all things, proposes them to the
    angels, and asks them to declare the names if they speak truth; the angels say
    they have no knowledge except what God teaches.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:13
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8850-8854
  quote_or_summary: God tells Adam to tell the names; after Adam does so, God says
    he knows the secrets of heaven and earth and what is disclosed and concealed.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:14
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8855-8859
  quote_or_summary: God commands the angels to worship Adam; all worship except Eblis,
    who refuses, is puffed up with pride, and becomes one of the unbelievers.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:15
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8787-8789
  quote_or_summary: The revelation is described as sent down to 'our servant,' and
    doubters are challenged to produce a chapter like it.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:16
  type: summary
  locator: note s
  quote_or_summary: The translator's note glosses 'your witnesses besides God' as
    false gods and idols.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:17
  type: summary
  locator: note o-p-q
  quote_or_summary: Translator's notes explain the fire comparison as directed at
    unbelieving Arabians who desired a prophet but resist conviction; the note also
    comments on the shift to plural reference for unbelievers.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:18
  type: summary
  locator: note r
  quote_or_summary: 'Translator''s note says unbelieving Arabs are compared to people
    caught in a violent storm, and reports an interpretation in which the tempest
    images the Koran: thunder as threats, lightning as promises, and darkness as mysteries.'
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: medium
  notes: Extraction is based on the supplied English passage and translator notes.
    Motif labels use only available taxonomy references where directly supported;
    comparison claims are limited to internal parabolic comparisons supported by the
    passage and notes.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  No external sources or unstated identifications were used. The figure labeled 'servant' is not further identified beyond the supplied passage.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l8766-l8859
  passage_sha256=d389be8543d36be8c740c32b16e7e88c2fd84bec956859ea20510a0f7391e7be