batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l7596-l7645
---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l7596-l7645
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
label: SECTION VI. / OF THE INSTITUTIONS OF THE KORAN IN CIVIL AFFAIRS. / SECTION
VII. / SECTION VIII.; lines 7596-7645
start: '7596'
end: '7645'
translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: The passage surveys several Islamic theological sects and their doctrines
concerning infidelity, paradise, human free agency, divine justice, predestination,
punishment, resurrection, and the disputed comparison of Kadarians or Mtazalites
with Magians through a two-principle account of good and evil.
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: A person is described as calling others infidels even when they professed
that there is no God but God, and Ibrahim Ebn al Sendi challenged him by asking
whether paradise was created only for a few like-minded people.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: The Basharians are described as extending human free agency to an excessive,
independent degree.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:3
text: The Basharians are said to hold that God could doom an infant to eternal punishment,
though doing so would be unjust.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:4
text: The Basharians are said to hold that a person who repents of a mortal sin
and later returns to it remains liable for the punishment of the former transgression.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:5
text: The Thamamians are described as teaching that sinners remain in hell forever.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:6
text: The Thamamians are described as teaching that, at the resurrection, infidels
and several named religious categories shall be reduced to dust.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:7
text: The Kadarians are described as denying absolute predestination and attributing
evil and injustice to human beings rather than to God.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:8
text: The Kadarians are described as teaching that humans are free agents who may
be rewarded or punished for actions God has given them power to do or leave undone.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:9
text: The passage reports a dispute over whether the name Kadarians applies to the
Mtazalites or to their antagonists, the Jabarians.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:10
text: The passage says Mohammed is reported to have called the Kadarians the Magians
of his followers.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:11
text: 'The passage reports that other Mohammedan sects compare the Mtazalites to
Magians because they are said to establish two principles: light or God as author
of good, and darkness or the devil as author of evil.'
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: Ibrahim Ebn al Sendi
description: A questioner who challenges the claim that paradise is reserved for
only a few people of one opinion.
role_refs:
- role:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: Unnamed claimant of infidelity
description: A person described as declaring others infidels and being unable to
answer Ibrahim Ebn al Sendi's question about paradise.
role_refs:
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: Basharians
description: Sect following Bashar Ebn Mtamer and associated with doctrines of strong
human free agency, possible infant punishment, and renewed liability after repeated
sin.
role_refs:
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: Bashar Ebn Mtamer
description: Named as the master of al Mozdr, a principal man among the Mtazalites,
and the source of the Basharians' tenets.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: God
description: Divine figure discussed in relation to paradise, justice, punishment,
predestination, reward, and authorship of good.
role_refs:
- role:5
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:4
- ev:6
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: Thamamians
description: Sect following Thamma Ebn Bashar and associated with doctrines of eternal
hell for sinners and reduction of certain groups to dust at resurrection.
role_refs:
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: Thamma Ebn Bashar
description: Named as a chief Mtazalite followed by the Thamamians.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: Kadarians
description: Sect name applied in disputed ways; described here in connection with
denial of absolute predestination and assertion of human free agency.
role_refs:
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: fig:9
name_or_label: Jabarians
description: Antagonists of the Mtazalites who are also involved in the disputed
use of the name Kadarians.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: fig:10
name_or_label: Mohammed
description: Reported as declaring the Kadarians to be the Magians of his followers.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: fig:11
name_or_label: Magians
description: A comparison group invoked in relation to alleged two-principle doctrine
of good and evil.
role_refs:
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
- id: fig:12
name_or_label: Devil
description: Named in a reported comparison as darkness and author of evil.
role_refs:
- role:10
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
roles:
- id: role:1
label: doctrinal challenger
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: He asks whether paradise is only for the claimant and a few who agree with
him.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:2
label: exclusivist accuser
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: He condemns others as guilty of infidelity.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:3
label: theological sect
assigned_to:
- fig:3
- fig:6
- fig:8
basis: Each group is described through its distinctive theological opinions.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: role:4
label: sect founder or eponymous teacher
assigned_to:
- fig:4
- fig:7
basis: The Basharians maintain the tenets of Bashar Ebn Mtamer, and the Thamamians
follow Thamma Ebn Bashar.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- id: role:5
label: divine judge
assigned_to:
- fig:5
basis: God is discussed in relation to eternal punishment, reward, and punishment
for human actions.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:4
- id: role:6
label: principle of good in reported comparison
assigned_to:
- fig:5
basis: The comparison says light, or God, is the author of good.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: role:7
label: doctrinal antagonist
assigned_to:
- fig:9
basis: The Jabarians are described as antagonists of the Mtazalites in the naming
dispute.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: role:8
label: authoritative reporter
assigned_to:
- fig:10
basis: Mohammed is reported as having declared the Kadarians the Magians of his
followers.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: role:9
label: comparative religious group
assigned_to:
- fig:11
basis: Magians are invoked as the group to which the Kadarians or Mtazalites are
compared.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
- id: role:10
label: principle of evil in reported comparison
assigned_to:
- fig:12
basis: The comparison says darkness, or the devil, is the author of evil.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: paradise as vast realm
literal_form: Paradise whose breadth equals that of heaven and earth
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:5
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: sym:2
label: hell as eternal punishment-place
literal_form: Hell in which sinners remain forever
associated_figures:
- fig:6
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: sym:3
label: dust after resurrection
literal_form: Reduction to dust at the resurrection
associated_figures:
- fig:6
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: sym:4
label: light as good principle
literal_form: Light, or God, the author of good
associated_figures:
- fig:5
- fig:11
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: sym:5
label: darkness as evil principle
literal_form: Darkness, or the devil, the author of evil
associated_figures:
- fig:11
- fig:12
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Challenge to exclusive salvation claim
summary: Ibrahim Ebn al Sendi questions a man who condemns others as infidels, asking
whether paradise is only for that man and a few who share his view.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:5
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: scene:2
label: Basharian doctrines on agency and punishment
summary: The passage summarizes Basharian views about independent human agency,
divine ability to punish an infant, divine non-obligation to do what is best,
and renewed liability after returning to a repented mortal sin.
figure_refs:
- fig:3
- fig:4
- fig:5
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: scene:3
label: Thamamian doctrines on hell and resurrection
summary: The passage lists Thamamian doctrines that sinners remain in hell forever,
free actions have no producing author, and certain groups are reduced to dust
at the resurrection.
figure_refs:
- fig:6
- fig:7
symbol_refs:
- sym:2
- sym:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: scene:4
label: Kadarian dispute over predestination and naming
summary: The passage explains that the Kadarians deny absolute predestination, assert
human responsibility for evil, and are involved in a disputed sectarian naming
controversy with the Jabarians and Mtazalites.
figure_refs:
- fig:8
- fig:9
- fig:10
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: scene:5
label: Comparison with Magian two-principle doctrine
summary: The passage reports that other Mohammedan sects compare the Mtazalites
to Magians by alleging a dual principle of light or God as author of good and
darkness or the devil as author of evil.
figure_refs:
- fig:5
- fig:8
- fig:11
- fig:12
symbol_refs:
- sym:4
- sym:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: Divine judgment and eternal punishment
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: Multiple doctrines concern God, hell, eternal punishment, reward, punishment,
and liability for sin.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:4
confidence: high
cautions: The passage is doctrinal exposition rather than narrative myth.
- id: motif:2
label: Resurrection followed by transformation to dust
taxonomy_refs:
- resurrection
basis: The Thamamians are said to teach that at the resurrection several groups
will be reduced to dust.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
confidence: high
cautions: The passage reports a sectarian doctrine and does not narrate an individual
resurrection event.
- id: motif:3
label: Good and evil as opposed principles
taxonomy_refs:
- duality
basis: The passage reports an accusation that the Mtazalites resemble Magians by
establishing light or God as author of good and darkness or the devil as author
of evil.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
confidence: high
cautions: The passage also cautions that this cannot be said absolutely of the Mtazalites.
- id: motif:4
label: Human free agency and moral recompense
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The Basharians and Kadarians are both described through doctrines of human
free agency, responsibility, reward, and punishment.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:4
confidence: medium
cautions: No supplied taxonomy family directly matches free will or predestination;
this is a doctrinal pattern rather than a mythic episode.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
claim: The passage itself reports a comparison between the Kadarians or Mtazalites
and Magians, based on an alleged two-principle division of good and evil.
claim_level: same_function
target: Magians; dual-principle good/evil pattern
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
counter_evidence_refs:
- ev:6
confidence: medium
limitations: The comparison is reported as a sectarian accusation, and the passage
explicitly says the two-principle claim cannot be said absolutely of the Mtazalites.
- id: claim:2
claim: The light-versus-darkness formulation aligns with the available duality motif
family at the level of symbolic opposition.
claim_level: same_motif
target: duality
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: high
limitations: The passage provides only a brief doctrinal summary, not an extended
mythic narrative of cosmic dualism.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: lines 7596-7603
quote_or_summary: A man condemns others as infidels despite their confession of
God; Ibrahim Ebn al Sendi asks whether paradise, broad as heaven and earth, was
created only for him and a few like him.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: lines 7604-7614
quote_or_summary: The Basharians follow Bashar Ebn Mtamer; they emphasize human
free agency, hold that God could punish an infant eternally though unjustly, deny
that God is always obliged to do what is best, and link renewed sin to former
punishment.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: lines 7615-7620
quote_or_summary: The Thamamians follow Thamma Ebn Bashar and teach eternal hell
for sinners, no producing author for free actions, and reduction of specified
unbelieving groups to dust at the resurrection.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: lines 7621-7631
quote_or_summary: The Kadarians deny absolute predestination, attribute evil and
injustice to human beings rather than God, and say humans are free agents who
may be rewarded or punished for actions God has empowered them to do or omit.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: lines 7632-7639
quote_or_summary: The name Kadarians is disputed between Mtazalites and Jabarians;
Mohammed is reported as declaring the Kadarians to be the Magians of his followers.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: lines 7639-7645
quote_or_summary: 'Other Mohammedan sects apply the comparison to the Mtazalites,
saying they resemble Magians by positing two principles: light or God as author
of good, and darkness or the devil as author of evil; the passage adds that this
cannot be said absolutely of the Mtazalites.'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
extraction: high
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: medium
notes: The passage is a theological and sectarian exposition rather than a narrative
myth. Motifs are therefore extracted as doctrinal-symbolic patterns supported
directly by the text.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
No external sources or unsupplied taxonomy identifiers were used.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l7596-l7645
passage_sha256=977d638e0b373cb3c1298bba4e647ab0844a847453e6ca1d1d100248296ad037