batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l7540-l7593
---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l7540-l7593
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
label: SECTION VI. / OF THE INSTITUTIONS OF THE KORAN IN CIVIL AFFAIRS. / SECTION
VII. / SECTION VIII.; lines 7540-7593
start: '7540'
end: '7593'
translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: The passage summarizes several theological sects and teachers, especially
their positions on divine responsibility for evil, Christ, multiple creators,
transmigration of souls, resurrection, divine vision, damnation, and divine justice.
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: Some followers feared making God the author of evil and therefore denied that
God creates an infidel.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: The Nodhmians, associated with Ibrahim al Nodhm, taught that no power should
be ascribed to God concerning evil and rebellious actions.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:3
text: The passage says some disciples of Ibrahim al Nodhm allowed that God could
do evil but did not do so because of its turpitude.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:4
text: The Hyetians, associated with Ahmed Ebn Hyet, taught that Christ was the eternal
Word incarnate, took a true body, and would judge all creatures in the life to
come.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:5
text: 'Ahmed Ebn Hyet is reported as asserting two gods or creators: the eternal
most high God and the non-eternal Christ.'
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:6
text: The Hyetians are reported as teaching successive transmigration of the soul
from one body into another, with the last body receiving the reward or punishment
due to each soul.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:7
text: The Hyetians are reported as teaching that God will be seen at the resurrection
by the understanding rather than by bodily eyes.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:8
text: The Jhedhians, associated with Amru Ebn Bahr al Jhedh, taught that the damned
would not be eternally tormented in hell but changed into the nature of fire,
and that fire would attract them.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:9
text: Amru Ebn Bahr al Jhedh also taught that belief in God as Lord and Mohammed
as apostle made a person one of the faithful, with no further obligation.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:10
text: The Mozdrians, associated with Isa Ebn Sobeih al Mozdr, are reported as affirming
that it is possible for God to be a liar and unjust.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: Abu Hshem
description: A figure named with Abu Ali al Jobb as celebrated for skill in scholastic
divinity.
role_refs:
- role:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: Abu Ali al Jobb
description: The father of Abu Hshem, named with him as celebrated for skill in
scholastic divinity.
role_refs:
- role:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: Nodhmians
description: Followers of Ibrahim al Nodhm.
role_refs:
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: Ibrahim al Nodhm
description: The teacher whose followers are called Nodhmians; he read books of
philosophy and set up a new sect.
role_refs:
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: Hyetians
description: Followers named from Ahmed Ebn Hyet, formerly of the Nodhmians, who
adopted new notions after reading philosophers.
role_refs:
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: Ahmed Ebn Hyet
description: The figure after whom the Hyetians are named; reported as teaching
doctrines about Christ, two creators, transmigration, and divine vision at resurrection.
role_refs:
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: Christ
description: Described in Hyetian doctrine as the eternal Word incarnate, as taking
a true body, as judging all creatures in the life to come, and as a non-eternal
god or creator.
role_refs:
- role:4
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: Most high God
description: Described in Hyetian doctrine as the eternal God or Creator and as
one who will be seen at the resurrection by the understanding.
role_refs:
- role:5
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:9
name_or_label: soul
description: In Hyetian doctrine, the soul passes successively from one body into
another and receives reward or punishment through the last body.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:10
name_or_label: Jhedhians
description: Followers of Amru Ebn Bahr, surnamed al Jhedh.
role_refs:
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: fig:11
name_or_label: Amru Ebn Bahr al Jhedh
description: A doctor of the Mutazalites whose followers are called Jhedhians; he
taught doctrines about the damned and about minimal belief.
role_refs:
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: fig:12
name_or_label: the damned
description: In al Jhedh's doctrine, they are changed into the nature of fire and
attracted by fire rather than eternally tormented in hell.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: fig:13
name_or_label: Mozdrians
description: Those who embraced the opinions of Isa Ebn Sobeih al Mozdr.
role_refs:
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: fig:14
name_or_label: Isa Ebn Sobeih al Mozdr
description: The figure whose opinions the Mozdrians embraced.
role_refs:
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
roles:
- id: role:1
label: scholastic divinity expert
assigned_to:
- fig:1
- fig:2
basis: The passage says Abu Hshem and Abu Ali al Jobb were celebrated for skill
in scholastic divinity.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:2
label: sect or follower group
assigned_to:
- fig:3
- fig:5
- fig:10
- fig:13
basis: Each group is described as followers of, named from, or embracing the opinions
of a named teacher.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: role:3
label: sect teacher or doctrinal source
assigned_to:
- fig:4
- fig:6
- fig:11
- fig:14
basis: Each named individual is associated with the opinions or followers of a sect
in the passage.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: role:4
label: future judge of creatures
assigned_to:
- fig:7
basis: Hyetian doctrine says Christ will judge all creatures in the life to come.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: role:5
label: creator or god in Hyetian doctrine
assigned_to:
- fig:7
- fig:8
basis: The passage reports a Hyetian assertion of two gods or creators, one eternal
and one non-eternal.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: role:6
label: object of resurrection vision
assigned_to:
- fig:8
basis: The passage says God will be seen at the resurrection, not by bodily eyes
but by the understanding.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: role:7
label: transmigrating subject
assigned_to:
- fig:9
basis: The passage says the soul transmigrates from one body to another and receives
reward or punishment through the last body.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: role:8
label: transformed afterlife sufferer
assigned_to:
- fig:12
basis: The passage says the damned are changed into the nature of fire and attracted
by fire.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: fire
literal_form: fire in hell and the nature of fire
associated_figures:
- fig:11
- fig:12
taxonomy_refs:
- fire
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: sym:2
label: eyes of the understanding
literal_form: non-bodily eyes or understanding by which God is seen at resurrection
associated_figures:
- fig:8
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: sym:3
label: last body
literal_form: the final body that receives reward or punishment due to the soul
associated_figures:
- fig:9
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Dispute over divine power and evil
summary: The passage presents doctrines that try to avoid making God the author
of evil, including denial that God creates infidelity and denial that divine power
applies to evil and rebellious actions.
figure_refs:
- fig:3
- fig:4
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: scene:2
label: Hyetian eschatological doctrines
summary: The Hyetians are reported as teaching Christ's future judgment of all creatures,
two creators, transmigration of souls, final reward or punishment, and vision
of God at resurrection by understanding.
figure_refs:
- fig:5
- fig:6
- fig:7
- fig:8
- fig:9
symbol_refs:
- sym:2
- sym:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: scene:3
label: Damned transformed into fire
summary: Al Jhedh is reported as teaching that the damned are changed into the nature
of fire and drawn by fire, rather than being eternally tormented in hell.
figure_refs:
- fig:10
- fig:11
- fig:12
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: scene:4
label: Mozdrian assertion about divine injustice
summary: The Mozdrians are reported as holding that it is possible for God to be
a liar and unjust.
figure_refs:
- fig:13
- fig:14
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: Divine judgment in the life to come
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: Hyetian doctrine says Christ will judge all creatures in the life to come,
and also links final reward or punishment to transmigration.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
confidence: high
cautions: This is reported as a doctrinal position within a sectarian summary, not
as a narrative episode.
- id: motif:2
label: Resurrection vision of God
taxonomy_refs:
- resurrection
basis: The passage reports the belief that God will be seen at the resurrection
by the understanding rather than bodily eyes.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage emphasizes a theological claim about perception at resurrection,
not a detailed resurrection narrative.
- id: motif:3
label: Dual creators or divine duality
taxonomy_refs:
- duality
basis: The passage reports a Hyetian assertion of two gods or creators, the eternal
most high God and the non-eternal Christ.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage frames this as a sectarian doctrinal opinion; it does not
develop a mythic dualism narrative.
- id: motif:4
label: Transmigration of the soul with final recompense
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The Hyetians are reported as teaching successive transmigration of the soul
from body to body, with the last body receiving reward or punishment due to the
soul.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
confidence: high
cautions: No available taxonomy reference directly names transmigration; the claim
is doctrinal rather than narrative.
- id: motif:5
label: Damned transformed into fire
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Al Jhedh is reported as teaching that the damned become fire-like and are
attracted by fire rather than eternally tormented in hell.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
confidence: high
cautions: The available motif taxonomy includes world-destroying fire, but this
passage concerns hell and transformation of the damned, not destruction of the
world.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
claim: The passage itself compares Ahmed Ebn Hyet's view of Christ as a non-eternal
god or creator with the opinions of Arians and Socinians.
claim_level: same_motif
target: Arian and Socinian views as named in the passage
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: medium
limitations: The comparison is reported by the translator/editor within a doctrinal
note; the passage does not give independent details of Arian or Socinian doctrines.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: lines 7540-7546
quote_or_summary: Some followers avoided making God the author of evil by denying
that God creates an infidel; Abu Hshem and Abu Ali al Jobb are noted for scholastic
divinity.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: lines 7547-7555
quote_or_summary: The Nodhmians, followers of Ibrahim al Nodhm, are described as
teaching that power should not be ascribed to God concerning evil and rebellious
actions; some disciples held that God could do evil but does not.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: lines 7556-7569
quote_or_summary: The Hyetians, named from Ahmed Ebn Hyet, are reported as teaching
that Christ is the eternal Word incarnate and future judge, that there are two
gods or creators, that souls transmigrate, and that God is seen at resurrection
by understanding.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: lines 7570-7578
quote_or_summary: The Jhedhians, followers of Amru Ebn Bahr al Jhedh, are reported
as teaching that the damned are changed into fire and attracted by it, and that
belief in God and Mohammed suffices for being faithful.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: lines 7579-7593
quote_or_summary: The Mozdrians, followers of Isa Ebn Sobeih al Mozdr, are reported
as holding opinions about the Koran and affirming that it is possible for God
to be a liar and unjust.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
confidence:
extraction: high
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: medium
notes: Extraction is based only on the supplied passage. Motif confidence is lower
where the passage gives doctrinal summaries rather than narrative mythic episodes.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
The passage is a later English translation/editorial discussion of Islamic sectarian theology, not a direct Qur'anic narrative passage.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l7540-l7593
passage_sha256=0cc149ddacc66bda06ead9ac951e263fa914a8c220fa4934ae2d5b0f4928b37c