batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l7263-l7317
---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l7263-l7317
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
label: SECTION VI. / OF THE INSTITUTIONS OF THE KORAN IN CIVIL AFFAIRS. / SECTION
VII. / SECTION VIII.; lines 7263-7317
start: '7263'
end: '7317'
translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: The passage describes Sunni or Traditionist Islam as acknowledging the
Sonna as an authoritative supplement to the Koran, distinguishes four orthodox
Sunni legal sects, praises their founders as devout jurists, and gives an account
of Abu Hanifa’s refusal to become a judge, imprisonment, and scriptural devotion.
It also contrasts Hanefites as followers of reason with other sects as followers
of tradition and notes the historical spread of Hanefite doctrine.
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: The passage distinguishes groups generally esteemed orthodox from groups esteemed
heretical.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: The orthodox group is called Sonnites or Traditionists because they acknowledge
the authority of the Sonna, described as a collection of moral traditions of the
prophet’s sayings and actions.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:3
text: The Sonna is described as a supplement to the Koran that directs observance
of matters omitted in that book.
category: object
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:4
text: The passage states that the Sonna corresponds in name and design to the Mishna
of the Jews.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:5
text: The Sonnites are subdivided into four chief sects, regarded as orthodox in
essentials of faith and capable of salvation despite differences in legal interpretation
and practice.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:6
text: Each of the four Sunni sects is said to have its own station or oratory in
the temple of Mecca.
category: setting
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:7
text: The founders of the four sects are described as great masters of jurisprudence,
devotion, self-denial, and knowledge concerning the next life and right conduct.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:8
text: Abu Hanifa is described as the founder of the first orthodox sect, the Hanefites.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:9
text: Abu Hanifa ended his life in prison at Baghdad because he refused to be made
Kadi or judge.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:10
text: The passage reports that Abu Hanifa preferred punishment by his superiors
to punishment by God.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:11
text: When asked why he was unfit for judicial office, Abu Hanifa is reported to
have answered that if he spoke truth he was unfit, and if he lied a liar was not
fit to be a judge.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:12
text: The passage says Abu Hanifa read the Koran 7,000 times in the prison where
he died.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:13
text: The Hanefites are called followers of reason, while the other three sects
are called followers of tradition.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:14
text: The Hanefites are described as chiefly guided by their own judgment in decisions,
while the other sects adhere more closely to traditions of Mohammed.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: Sonnites or Traditionists
description: The orthodox group that acknowledges the authority of the Sonna.
role_refs:
- role:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: Four chief Sunni sects
description: Four subdivisions of the Sonnites, regarded as orthodox in matters
of faith and capable of salvation.
role_refs:
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: Founders of the four sects
description: Described as great masters of jurisprudence and men of devotion, self-denial,
knowledge of the next life, and right conduct.
role_refs:
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: Abu Hanifa
description: Founder of the Hanefite sect, imprisoned at Baghdad after refusing
to become Kadi or judge.
role_refs:
- role:4
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: Hanefites
description: Sect named from Abu Hanifa; described as followers of reason, guided
by their own judgment in decisions.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:6
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: Three other sects
description: The other three orthodox sects, described as followers of tradition
who adhere more closely to traditions of Mohammed.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: Abu Yusuf
description: Chief justice under the caliphs al Hadi and Harun al Rashid, said to
have brought Abu Hanifa’s doctrine into great credit.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
roles:
- id: role:1
label: orthodox traditionists
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: They are called Sonnites or Traditionists and acknowledge the authority of
the Sonna.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:2
label: orthodox legal sects
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: They differ in legal conclusions and practice but are described as orthodox
in matters of faith and capable of salvation.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: role:3
label: devout juristic masters
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: The founders are praised as masters of jurisprudence, devotion, self-denial,
and right conduct.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: role:4
label: founder of Hanefites
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: The first sect is named from its founder, Abu Hanifa.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: role:5
label: imprisoned refuser of judicial office
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: He is said to have died in prison after refusing to become Kadi or judge.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: role:6
label: followers of reason
assigned_to:
- fig:5
basis: The Hanefites are called followers of reason and are said to be guided by
their own judgment in decisions.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: role:7
label: followers of tradition
assigned_to:
- fig:6
basis: The other three sects are called followers of tradition and are said to adhere
more tenaciously to traditions of Mohammed.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: role:8
label: promoter of doctrine
assigned_to:
- fig:7
basis: Abu Yusuf is said to have brought Abu Hanifa’s doctrine into great credit.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: Sonna as authoritative supplement
literal_form: Collection of moral traditions of the prophet’s sayings and actions,
supplementing the Koran.
associated_figures:
- fig:1
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: sym:2
label: Koran repeatedly read in prison
literal_form: The Koran, reportedly read 7,000 times by Abu Hanifa in the prison
where he died.
associated_figures:
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: sym:3
label: prison at Baghdad
literal_form: Place of Abu Hanifa’s confinement and death.
associated_figures:
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: sym:4
label: stations or oratories in Mecca
literal_form: Separate stations or oratories for the four Sunni sects in the temple
of Mecca.
associated_figures:
- fig:2
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: sym:5
label: office of Kadi or judge
literal_form: Judicial office refused by Abu Hanifa.
associated_figures:
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Definition of the Sonnites
summary: The passage identifies the orthodox Muslims as Sonnites or Traditionists
because they accept the Sonna as a moral-traditional authority supplementing the
Koran.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: scene:2
label: Four orthodox sects and their founders
summary: The Sonnites are divided into four chief sects, each with Meccan stations
or oratories, and their founders are praised as devout masters of jurisprudence
and right conduct.
figure_refs:
- fig:2
- fig:3
symbol_refs:
- sym:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- id: scene:3
label: Abu Hanifa refuses the judgeship
summary: Abu Hanifa is imprisoned at Baghdad after refusing judicial office; he
is portrayed as choosing punishment by human superiors rather than by God and
as denying his fitness for judgeship.
figure_refs:
- fig:4
symbol_refs:
- sym:3
- sym:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: scene:4
label: Scriptural devotion in prison
summary: The passage reports that Abu Hanifa read the Koran 7,000 times in the prison
where he died.
figure_refs:
- fig:4
symbol_refs:
- sym:2
- sym:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: scene:5
label: Reason and tradition contrasted
summary: The Hanefites are contrasted as followers of reason with the other three
sects as followers of tradition.
figure_refs:
- fig:5
- fig:6
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: authoritative supplementary tradition
taxonomy_refs:
- wisdom
basis: The Sonna is presented as an authoritative body of moral traditions supplementing
the Koran and directing observance.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
confidence: medium
cautions: The taxonomy reference 'wisdom' is broad; the passage is institutional
and legal rather than mythic narrative.
- id: motif:2
label: orthodox division within a sacred legal tradition
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Four chief Sunni sects are distinguished as differing in legal interpretation
and practice while remaining orthodox and capable of salvation.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
confidence: high
cautions: This is a doctrinal-institutional pattern, not a mythic motif in the strict
narrative sense.
- id: motif:3
label: devout jurist as moral exemplar
taxonomy_refs:
- wisdom
basis: The founders are praised for jurisprudence, devotion, self-denial, knowledge
of the next life, and directing knowledge to the glory of God.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
confidence: medium
cautions: The motif is inferred from encomium and ethical characterization, not
from a full narrative episode.
- id: motif:4
label: refusal of worldly office under divine accountability
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: Abu Hanifa refuses the judgeship and is described as preferring punishment
by superiors to punishment by God.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
confidence: medium
cautions: The divine judgment taxonomy is supported by explicit reference to punishment
by God, but the passage remains biographical and legal-historical.
- id: motif:5
label: scriptural devotion in confinement
taxonomy_refs:
- wisdom
basis: Abu Hanifa is said to have read the Koran 7,000 times in the prison where
he died.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
confidence: medium
cautions: The large number may function as hagiographic emphasis, but the passage
does not explicitly interpret it symbolically.
- id: motif:6
label: reason versus tradition as interpretive polarity
taxonomy_refs:
- duality
- wisdom
basis: The Hanefites are described as followers of reason, while the other three
sects are described as followers of tradition.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
confidence: medium
cautions: The duality is conceptual and juridical, not presented as a mythic pair
or cosmic opposition.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
claim: The passage explicitly compares the Sonna’s name and function as a supplementary
body of observance-guiding tradition to the Jewish Mishna.
claim_level: same_function
target: Mishna of the Jews
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: high
limitations: This comparison is made by the passage’s author/translatorial apparatus
and concerns institutional textual function, not historical contact or shared
origin.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: lines 7263-7273
quote_or_summary: The passage says the orthodox are called Sonnites or Traditionists
because they acknowledge the Sonna, a collection of moral traditions of the prophet’s
sayings and actions, supplementing the Koran and answering in name and design
to the Jewish Mishna.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: lines 7274-7282
quote_or_summary: The Sonnites are divided into four chief sects, differing in legal
conclusions and practice but generally acknowledged orthodox in faith and capable
of salvation, each with stations or oratories in the temple of Mecca.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: lines 7282-7291
quote_or_summary: The founders of the sects are called great masters of jurisprudence,
devotion, self-denial, knowledge of the next life and right conduct, directing
their knowledge to the glory of God.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: lines 7292-7310
quote_or_summary: Abu Hanifa, founder of the Hanefites, is said to have died in
prison at Baghdad after refusing to become Kadi or judge; he preferred punishment
by superiors to punishment by God and argued that either truth or lying made him
unfit for the office.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: lines 7310-7312
quote_or_summary: The passage states that Abu Hanifa read the Koran in the prison
where he died no less than 7,000 times.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: lines 7313-7317
quote_or_summary: An Arabian writer calls the Hanefites followers of reason and
the three other sects followers of tradition; the former are guided by their own
judgment, the latter by traditions of Mohammed.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:7
type: summary
locator: lines 7317 and following footnote text in supplied passage
quote_or_summary: The passage says Abu Hanifa’s sect formerly prevailed chiefly
in Iraq and now generally among Turks and Tartars, and that Abu Yusuf, chief justice
under al Hadi and Harun al Rashid, brought the doctrine into credit.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
confidence:
extraction: high
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: high
notes: The institutional, biographical, and legal details are explicit in the supplied
passage. Motif assignments are more tentative because the passage is not a mythic
narrative, though it contains recognizable patterns of authoritative tradition,
wisdom, moral exemplarity, divine accountability, and reason/tradition polarity.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
Extraction uses only the supplied passage and metadata. No historical-contact claim is made beyond the passage’s explicit functional comparison of Sonna and Mishna.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l7263-l7317
passage_sha256=86e0bad087896d91bfeb6c4e05a9bd511e57ed1bd33582d1e353f4b351d08dc8