batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l7136-l7207
---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l7136-l7207
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
label: SECTION VI. / OF THE INSTITUTIONS OF THE KORAN IN CIVIL AFFAIRS. / SECTION
VII. / SECTION VIII.; lines 7136-7207
start: '7136'
end: '7207'
translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: The passage introduces Islamic scholastic divinity and practical divinity
or jurisprudence as sciences used to resolve disputed questions. It describes
scholastic divinity as controversial, partly criticized by Maimonides and al Shafe,
but conditionally accepted by al Ghazli as a defense against heresies. It then
describes jurisprudence as legal knowledge needed to settle disputes, maintain
peace, and allow magistrates to distinguish lawful from unlawful conduct and impose
satisfaction or punishment.
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: 'The passage says disputed questions among Mohammedans are determined by two
sciences: scholastic divinity and practical divinity.'
category: other
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: Scholastic divinity is described as a mixed science involving logical, metaphysical,
theological, and philosophical disquisitions.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:3
text: The passage says scholastic divinity is often left out of the partition of
sciences and was criticized by Maimonides as absurd and contrary to the order
of creation.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:4
text: The art of handling religious disputes is said not to have existed in the
infancy of Mohammedism, but to have arisen when sects and disputed articles of
religion appeared.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:5
text: The passage states that scholastic divinity is approved when used to defend
articles of faith against innovators, but censured when pursued from an urge for
disputation.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:6
text: Al Shafe is reported to have said that one who leaves the Koran and Sonna
for scholastic divinity deserves to be fixed to a stake and publicly carried through
Arab tribes with a proclamation of punishment.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:7
text: Al Ghazli is described as permitting the study of scholastic divinity to quell
heresies, while requiring diligence, acuteness of judgment, and probity of manners,
and opposing its public explanation.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:8
text: Practical divinity or jurisprudence is defined as knowledge of legal decisions
concerning practice, gathered from distinct proofs.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:9
text: Al Ghazli is said to regard both scholastic divinity and jurisprudence as
necessary by accident because of corruption in religion and morality.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:10
text: The passage compares the necessity of these sciences to the necessity of guards
on highways because of robbers.
category: other
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:11
text: Jurisprudence is described as deciding legal controversies, preserving peaceful
life, and enabling the magistrate to prevent injury by declaring what is lawful
and unlawful and determining satisfaction or punishment.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: Maimonides
description: A learned critic who exposed principles and systems of scholastic divines
as repugnant to the nature of the world and the order of creation, and as absurd.
role_refs:
- role:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: al Shafe
description: A figure reported as strongly rejecting the study of scholastic divinity
when it replaces the Koran and Sonna.
role_refs:
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: al Ghazli
description: A figure described as taking a middle position on scholastic divinity
and judging both scholastic divinity and jurisprudence necessary by accident.
role_refs:
- role:3
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:7
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: scholastic divines
description: Religious disputants whose principles and systems are criticized in
the passage.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: magistrate
description: A legal authority who may prevent one person from injuring another
by declaring lawful and unlawful conduct and determining satisfaction or punishment.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
roles:
- id: role:1
label: critic of scholastic divinity
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: Maimonides is said to expose scholastic divines' principles and systems as
contrary to creation and absurd.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: role:2
label: opponent of scholastic divinity
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: Al Shafe is reported as saying that one who studies scholastic divinity instead
of the Koran and Sonna deserves public punishment.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: role:3
label: conditional defender of scholastic divinity
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: Al Ghazli accepts scholastic divinity as necessary to quell heresies while
setting qualifications and limits.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: role:4
label: interpreter of religious and legal sciences as remedial
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: Al Ghazli treats both sciences as necessary by accident because of religious
and moral corruption.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: role:5
label: religious disputants
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: The passage discusses their principles, systems, and methods of handling
disputed questions.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: role:6
label: legal enforcer and adjudicator
assigned_to:
- fig:5
basis: The magistrate is described as preventing injury by applying lawful and unlawful
categories and determining satisfaction or punishment.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: stake of public punishment
literal_form: stake used in al Shafe's reported punishment for a student of scholastic
divinity
associated_figures:
- fig:2
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: sym:2
label: guards on highways
literal_form: guards necessary on highways because of robbers
associated_figures:
- fig:3
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: sym:3
label: lawful and unlawful distinction
literal_form: declaration of what is lawful and what is unlawful
associated_figures:
- fig:5
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Description and criticism of scholastic divinity
summary: The passage introduces scholastic divinity as one of two sciences for resolving
disputes, describes its mixed intellectual character, and reports criticisms of
it by Maimonides and others.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:4
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: scene:2
label: Origin and regulated use of religious controversy
summary: Scholastic divinity is said to have arisen after sects and disputed articles
of religion appeared; it is approved when defending faith but censured when pursued
for disputation. Al Shafe rejects it sharply, while al Ghazli allows it under
restrictions.
figure_refs:
- fig:2
- fig:3
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: scene:3
label: Jurisprudence as social restraint
summary: The passage defines practical divinity or jurisprudence as legal knowledge
and describes it as necessary for resolving controversies, preserving peace, and
allowing magistrates to prevent injury through legal distinctions and punishments.
figure_refs:
- fig:3
- fig:5
symbol_refs:
- sym:2
- sym:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:7
- ev:8
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: religious knowledge as guarded remedy for disorder
taxonomy_refs:
- wisdom
basis: Scholastic and practical divinity are described as sciences for resolving
disputes, suppressing heresies, settling legal controversies, and restraining
harmful conduct; al Ghazli treats them as necessary because of corruption, like
guards needed because of robbers.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:5
- ev:7
- ev:8
confidence: medium
cautions: This is an institutional and theological exposition rather than a narrative
myth; the taxonomy reference to wisdom is broad and should be reviewed.
- id: motif:2
label: public shame for improper sacred learning
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Al Shafe's reported judgment imagines a person who leaves the Koran and Sonna
for scholastic divinity being fixed to a stake and carried through tribes with
a proclamation of punishment.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage reports a polemical opinion, not an enacted ritual or mythic
episode.
- id: motif:3
label: law as boundary between permitted and forbidden action
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Jurisprudence is said to preserve social peace by enabling the magistrate
to declare what is lawful and unlawful and determine satisfaction or punishment.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
confidence: medium
cautions: The motif is legal-institutional and not directly tied to a named mythological
taxonomy family in the supplied list.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: 7136-7150
quote_or_summary: The passage introduces two sciences for determining disputed questions
and describes scholastic divinity as a mixed logical, metaphysical, theological,
and philosophical science.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized from supplied passage.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: 7150-7160
quote_or_summary: Scholastic divinity is said to be excluded by some from the partition
of sciences, and Maimonides is reported as criticizing scholastic divines' systems
as contrary to creation and absurd.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized from supplied passage.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: 7161-7172
quote_or_summary: The art of religious dispute is said to have arisen after sects
and disputed religious articles appeared; it is acceptable for defending faith
against innovators but censured when pursued from disputatious desire.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized from supplied passage.
- id: ev:4
type: quote
locator: 7173-7182
quote_or_summary: Al Shafe is reported as saying the practitioner should be fixed
to a stake and proclaimed as one who, leaving the Koran and Sonna, applied himself
to scholastic divinity.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; short excerpt summarized/partly quoted from supplied
passage.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: 7182-7194
quote_or_summary: Al Ghazli treats scholastic divinity as necessary to quell heresies,
but requires diligence, acuteness of judgment, and probity, and opposes public
explanation of it.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized from supplied passage.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: 7195-7199
quote_or_summary: Practical divinity or jurisprudence is defined as knowledge of
legal decisions about practice, gathered from distinct proofs.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized from supplied passage.
- id: ev:7
type: summary
locator: 7200-7205
quote_or_summary: Al Ghazli is said to regard both sciences as necessary by accident
because of corruption in religion and morality, comparing them to guards made
necessary on highways by robbers.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized from supplied passage.
- id: ev:8
type: summary
locator: 7205-7207
quote_or_summary: Jurisprudence is described as deciding legal controversies, preserving
peace, and enabling the magistrate to prevent injury by declaring lawful and unlawful
conduct and determining satisfaction or punishment.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized from supplied passage.
confidence:
extraction: high
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: high
notes: The passage is primarily expository and legal-theological rather than mythic.
Literal extraction is strong; motif classification is necessarily cautious.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
No comparison claims were added because the passage does not itself support a comparison to another mythic text, tradition, or motif family beyond its internal analogy of guards and robbers.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l7136-l7207
passage_sha256=82605e960ab6a6b1c515dffeb4bffb134f796ae3402c2aa4937c74852f2f9e1e