batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l7053-l7133
---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l7053-l7133
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
label: OF CERTAIN NEGATIVE PRECEPTS IN THE KORN. / SECTION VI. / OF THE INSTITUTIONS
OF THE KORAN IN CIVIL AFFAIRS. / SECTION VII.; lines 7053-7133
start: '7053'
end: '7133'
translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: The passage discusses reforms concerning sacred months, intercalation,
weekly public worship, and annual feasts in Islamic practice as described by Sale.
It says the transfer of a sacred month to a profane month is condemned in the
Koran; the year is divinely appointed as twelve months; the sixth day of the week
is appointed for Muslim worship and associated by writers with the last judgment;
and two annual feasts are described, one after Ramadan and one of sacrifice during
the pilgrimage at Mecca.
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: Some Arabs are described as transferring the observance of al Moharram to
Safar in order to avoid three months of inactivity and continue incursions for
plunder.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: The transfer of a sacred month to a profane month is identified as al Nas
and is said to be condemned in the Koran as an impious innovation.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:3
text: The Arabs are said to have used lunar years and to have learned from the Jews
a method of intercalating a month to align lunar and solar years.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:4
text: The passage says the number of months in the year, according to the ordinance
of God, is twelve, and that intercalation would make some years thirteen months.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:5
text: Mohammed is described as appointing the sixth day of the week for public worship,
distinct from Jewish and Christian observance.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:6
text: Mohammedan writers are said to praise the sixth day as the prince of days
and the most excellent day on which the sun rises.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:7
text: The passage reports a belief that the last judgment will be solemnized on
the sixth day of the week.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:8
text: The Koran is said to permit return to employments or diversion after divine
service, though more devout Muslims disapprove worldly affairs on that day.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:9
text: The feast of breaking the fast begins on the first of Shawal after Ramadan.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:10
text: The feast of sacrifice begins on the tenth of Dhu'lhajja, when victims are
slain at the pilgrimage of Mecca.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:11
text: The first day of the feast of sacrifices is described as the most solemn day
of the pilgrimage, with ceremonies performed at Mecca.
category: setting
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: Mohammed
description: Described as reforming practices concerning sacred months and appointing
the sixth day for followers' public worship.
role_refs:
- role:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:5
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: Arabs
description: Described as transferring observance of al Moharram to Safar and as
using lunar years with intercalation.
role_refs:
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:3
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: God
description: Named as the authority whose ordinance fixes the year at twelve months
and who appoints the Muslim feast-day according to the passage.
role_refs:
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:6
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: Mohammedans / Moslems
description: Described as observing weekly public worship, annual feasts, and pilgrimage-related
sacrifice.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:8
- ev:9
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: Jews and Christians
description: Presented as traditions with a strict weekly day for worship, imitated
in part but distinguished from by Mohammed's selection of another day.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
roles:
- id: role:1
label: religious reformer and lawgiver
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: The passage attributes to Mohammed reforms of sacred-month practice and appointment
of a weekly worship day.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:5
- id: role:2
label: practitioners of calendar alteration
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: The Arabs are described as transferring sacred-month observance and practicing
intercalation.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:3
- id: role:3
label: divine calendar authority
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: The passage says the number of months is twelve according to the ordinance
of God.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: role:4
label: worshipping community
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: The Mohammedans or Moslems are described as observing weekly worship and
annual feasts.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:8
- id: role:5
label: comparative weekly-worship traditions
assigned_to:
- fig:5
basis: Jewish and Christian religions are described as strictly requiring a weekly
day for worship and as a model Mohammed imitated while selecting a distinct day.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: sacred month
literal_form: al Moharram as a month set apart from profane time
associated_figures:
- fig:2
- fig:1
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: sym:2
label: twelve-month year
literal_form: the year consisting of twelve months by divine ordinance
associated_figures:
- fig:3
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: sym:3
label: sixth day weekly feast
literal_form: the sixth day of the week appointed for public worship and called
the feast-day of the Moslems
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:3
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
- id: sym:4
label: last judgment day association
literal_form: the sixth day as the day on which the last judgment will be solemnized
associated_figures:
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: sym:5
label: feast of breaking the fast
literal_form: Id al fetr, beginning after Ramadan
associated_figures:
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: sym:6
label: feast of sacrifice
literal_form: Id al korban / Id al adha, when victims are slain at the pilgrimage
of Mecca
associated_figures:
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs:
- sacrifice
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:9
- id: sym:7
label: Mecca pilgrimage
literal_form: pilgrimage of Mecca as the setting for the feast of sacrifice ceremonies
associated_figures:
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:9
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Condemnation of transferring sacred time
summary: The passage describes Arabs postponing observance of a sacred month to
a profane month and states that this practice is condemned in the Koran.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: scene:2
label: Divinely fixed calendar
summary: The passage distinguishes intercalation from the transfer of sacred months
and says the Koran declares the year to have twelve months by God's ordinance.
figure_refs:
- fig:2
- fig:3
symbol_refs:
- sym:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: scene:3
label: Appointment of weekly worship
summary: Mohammed is described as selecting the sixth day for Muslim public worship,
in distinction from Jewish and Christian weekly observances.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:3
- fig:4
- fig:5
symbol_refs:
- sym:3
- sym:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
- ev:7
- id: scene:4
label: Annual feasts
summary: The passage describes the feast after Ramadan and the feast of sacrifice
at the Mecca pilgrimage, including the slaying of victims and public observances.
figure_refs:
- fig:4
symbol_refs:
- sym:5
- sym:6
- sym:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:9
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: prohibition of sacred-calendar manipulation
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The passage describes a practice of shifting observance from a sacred month
to a profane month and says it is condemned as an impious innovation.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
confidence: high
cautions: This is a legal-calendar pattern rather than a named motif in the supplied
taxonomy.
- id: motif:2
label: divinely ordained cosmic or ritual calendar
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The year is described as fixed at twelve months by the ordinance of God,
with intercalation rejected because it would produce thirteen-month years.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage is expository and legal rather than narrative myth.
- id: motif:3
label: weekly sacred day of communal worship
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The sixth day is described as appointed for Muslim worship and praised as
the feast-day of the Moslems.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
confidence: high
cautions: No supplied taxonomy reference directly matches weekly sacred time.
- id: motif:4
label: judgment appointed to a sacred day
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: The passage reports that Mohammedan writers associate the sixth day with
the solemnization of the last judgment.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
confidence: medium
cautions: This is reported as a belief of writers, not narrated as an event in the
passage.
- id: motif:5
label: pilgrimage sacrifice festival
taxonomy_refs:
- sacrifice
basis: The feast of sacrifice is described as beginning during Dhu'lhajja when victims
are slain at the pilgrimage of Mecca.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:9
confidence: high
cautions: The passage gives institutional description, not a full mythic sacrifice
narrative.
- id: motif:6
label: feast following ritual fast
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The feast of breaking the fast is described as beginning immediately after
Ramadan and as accompanied in some regions by public joy after the preceding month
of mortification.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:9
confidence: medium
cautions: No supplied taxonomy reference directly matches post-fast feasting.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
claim: The passage presents the Muslim weekly worship day as functionally comparable
to Jewish and Christian weekly sacred days, while emphasizing its distinct day
of observance.
claim_level: same_function
target: Jewish and Christian weekly day of worship
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: high
limitations: The claim is limited to the passage's institutional comparison; it
does not establish shared origin beyond the author's statement that Mohammed imitated
the practice in this particular.
- id: claim:2
claim: The passage states that Arabs imitated Jews in lunar-year computation and
intercalation methods.
claim_level: historical_contact
target: Jewish lunar calendar and intercalation practice
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: medium
limitations: This is Sale's report within the passage and should be reviewed against
primary sources before treating it as historical fact.
- id: claim:3
claim: The passage compares the strictness of Muslim weekly worship observance with
Jewish and Christian observance, noting a less stringent permission after divine
service.
claim_level: same_function
target: Jewish and Christian Sabbath-like weekly worship observance
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: medium
limitations: The passage discusses relative legal strictness, not a shared mythic
narrative.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: 7053-7062
quote_or_summary: Some Arabs, weary of remaining quiet during sacred months, transferred
observance of al Moharram to Safar so they could continue plundering incursions
while sanctifying another month in its place.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: 7062-7068
quote_or_summary: The transfer of a sacred month to a profane month is identified
as al Nas and is said to be condemned in a passage of the Koran as an impious
innovation.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: 7068-7077
quote_or_summary: The Arabs are said to have imitated the Jews in lunar-year computation
and in intercalating a month to align lunar and solar years, thereby fixing the
Mecca pilgrimage in autumn.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: 7077-7083
quote_or_summary: The passage says the Koran declares the number of months in the
year, according to God's ordinance, to be twelve, so allowing intercalation would
contradict God's appointment.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: 7084-7095
quote_or_summary: Mohammed is described as imitating the Jewish and Christian practice
of setting apart a weekly day for worship while selecting a different day, the
sixth day of the week.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: 7095-7103
quote_or_summary: Mohammedan writers praise the sixth day as the prince of days,
say it will be the day of the last judgment, and treat its appointment as a special
honor for Islam.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
type: summary
locator: 7104-7115
quote_or_summary: The passage says Muslims are generally thought permitted by the
Koran to return to work or diversion after divine service, though the more devout
disapprove worldly affairs on that day.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
type: summary
locator: 7116-7125
quote_or_summary: 'Two annual feasts are described: Id al fetr, the feast of breaking
the fast after Ramadan, and Id al korban or Id al adha, the feast of sacrifice
beginning when victims are slain at the pilgrimage of Mecca.'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
type: summary
locator: 7125-7133
quote_or_summary: The passage contrasts popular celebration of the feast after Ramadan
with the feast of sacrifices, whose first day is the most solemn day of the pilgrimage
and whose ceremonies occur at Mecca.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
extraction: high
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: medium
notes: The passage is institutional and explanatory rather than narrative; motif
labels should be reviewed for fit with the Atlas taxonomy.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
Used only supplied passage and metadata; quotations avoided in favor of concise public-domain summaries.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l7053-l7133
passage_sha256=6a4c66a593f6de462b508604f312350f5edff618c4db9c7ffc3bcd3404188b91