batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l6893-l6976
---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l6893-l6976
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
label: SECTION V. / OF CERTAIN NEGATIVE PRECEPTS IN THE KORN. / SECTION VI. / OF
THE INSTITUTIONS OF THE KORAN IN CIVIL AFFAIRS.; lines 6893-6976
start: '6893'
end: '6976'
translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: 'The passage discusses rules and interpretations for dividing war spoil:
precedents attributed to Jewish law and biblical narratives, a parallel between
disputes over booty at Bedr and among David''s soldiers, Qur''anic allocation
of a fifth part to God, the apostle, kin, orphans, the poor, and travelers, juristic
disagreements over distribution, a tradition about Muhammad''s kin, and rules
for movable and immovable war property.'
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: Spoil is described as an immediate gift of God and therefore as properly left
to the apostle's disposition.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: 'The passage reports a Jewish rule in which spoil is divided into two equal
parts: one for the captors and one for the prince for public and personal support.'
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:3
text: Moses is said to have divided Midianite plunder into halves, one for those
who went to battle and one for the congregation, by express divine order.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:4
text: A dispute among Muhammad's men at Bedr over sharing booty is compared with
a dispute among David's soldiers over recovered Amalekite spoils.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:5
text: In both the Bedr and Davidic disputes, those who fought argued that those
who stayed with the baggage should not share in the spoil.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:6
text: 'The same decision is reported in both disputes: those involved should share
alike, and this became a future rule.'
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:7
text: The Qur'anic fifth part of spoil is described as belonging to God, the apostle
and his kindred, orphans, the poor, and the traveler.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:8
text: Al Shafi'i is reported as dividing the whole fifth into five parts for public
works and salaries, Muhammad's kindred, orphans, the poor, and needy travelers.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:9
text: Malik ibn Anas is reported as placing the whole fifth at the discretion of
the imam or prince.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:10
text: Abu'l Aliya is reported as dividing the whole into six parts and applying
God's part to the service of the Caaba.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:11
text: Abu Hanifa is reported as holding that Muhammad's and his kindred's share
ended at the prophet's death, leaving distribution to orphans, the poor, and travelers.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:12
text: A tradition reports Muhammad distributing the kin share among descendants
of Hashem and al Motalleb, and joining his fingers to signify their union.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:13
text: The passage states that immovable possessions taken in war are subject to
the same general laws as movable spoil, with the fifth handled through income,
profits, or price and applied to public and pious uses.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: God
description: Divine owner or recipient named in relation to spoil and its fifth
part.
role_refs:
- role:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:3
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: The apostle / Muhammad
description: The apostle to whom spoil may be left for disposition; Muhammad is
also named in traditions about kin shares.
role_refs:
- role:2
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: Captors / fighting men
description: Those who capture spoil or go to battle and are considered recipients
of a share.
role_refs:
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:3
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: Prince / imam
description: Ruler figure who may receive or distribute spoil for public uses or
at discretion.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:3
- ev:5
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: Moses
description: Figure reported as dividing plunder of the Midianites by express divine
order.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: Muhammad's men at Bedr
description: Participants in a dispute about sharing booty after Bedr.
role_refs:
- role:3
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: David's soldiers
description: Participants in a dispute about sharing spoils recovered from the Amalekites.
role_refs:
- role:3
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: Those who tarried by the stuff
description: Noncombatant or rear-guard group whose right to share in spoil was
disputed.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:9
name_or_label: Kindred of Muhammad
description: Relatives of Muhammad named among recipients of the fifth part; interpreted
by some as descendants of Hashem and al Motalleb.
role_refs:
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: fig:10
name_or_label: Orphans, poor, and travelers
description: Socially designated recipients of portions of the fifth part of spoil.
role_refs:
- role:10
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:5
- id: fig:11
name_or_label: Othman ibn Affan and Jobeir ibn Matam
description: Figures who objected that their related families had no part in Muhammad's
kin distribution.
role_refs:
- role:11
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: fig:12
name_or_label: Descendants of al Motalleb and Hashemites
description: Two related family groups described as strictly united and included
in Muhammad's distribution to relations.
role_refs:
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
roles:
- id: role:1
label: divine source or recipient of spoil
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: Spoil is called a gift of God, and the fifth part is declared to belong to
God among others.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:3
- id: role:2
label: authorized disposer of spoil
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: The spoil is said to be properly left to the apostle's disposition.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:3
label: combatant claimant
assigned_to:
- fig:3
- fig:6
- fig:7
basis: Captors and fighting men claim or receive shares of spoil.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:3
- id: role:4
label: ruling distributor
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: The prince or imam is described as receiving, using, or distributing spoil
and its fifth.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:3
- ev:5
- id: role:5
label: precedent-making divider of plunder
assigned_to:
- fig:5
basis: Moses is reported as dividing Midianite plunder into two halves by divine
order.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:6
label: participant in spoil-sharing dispute
assigned_to:
- fig:6
- fig:7
basis: Both groups are described as disputing whether rear-guard men should share
in spoil.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: role:7
label: kin-share allocator
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: A tradition reports Muhammad dividing the share belonging to his relations
among two families.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: role:8
label: disputed noncombatant recipient
assigned_to:
- fig:8
basis: Those who tarried by the stuff were said by combatants to deserve no part
of the spoil.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: role:9
label: kin recipient
assigned_to:
- fig:9
- fig:12
basis: Muhammad's kindred, including Hashemites and descendants of al Motalleb in
one view, are named as recipients.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: role:10
label: protected or needy recipient
assigned_to:
- fig:10
basis: Orphans, the poor, and travelers are repeatedly named as recipients of the
fifth.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:5
- id: role:11
label: objector to kin distribution
assigned_to:
- fig:11
basis: They are reported as objecting to the difference made between al Motalleb's
family and their own.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: war spoil / booty
literal_form: spoil, booty, plunder, movable and immovable possessions taken in
war
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:4
- fig:6
- fig:7
- fig:8
- fig:9
- fig:10
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:5
- id: sym:2
label: the fifth part
literal_form: one-fifth share reserved from spoil before division
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:4
- fig:9
- fig:10
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:5
- id: sym:3
label: joined fingers
literal_form: Muhammad joined his fingers together
associated_figures:
- fig:2
- fig:12
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: sym:4
label: Caaba
literal_form: the Caaba as a place whose service receives God's part in Abu'l Aliya's
interpretation
associated_figures:
- fig:1
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Reported precedents for dividing spoil
summary: The passage recounts Jewish, Mosaic, and Joshua-related precedents for
dividing war spoil among captors, rulers, combatants, and the broader community.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:3
- fig:4
- fig:5
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: scene:2
label: Parallel disputes over rear-guard shares
summary: 'A dispute at Bedr and a dispute among David''s soldiers are presented
as arising from the same issue: whether those who stayed with the baggage should
share in the spoil; both are said to end with equal sharing.'
figure_refs:
- fig:6
- fig:7
- fig:8
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: scene:3
label: Juristic allocation of the fifth
summary: The passage lists several interpretations of how the Qur'anic fifth of
spoil should be distributed among God, the apostle, kin, orphans, the poor, travelers,
public works, the Caaba, or by the ruler's discretion.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:4
- fig:9
- fig:10
symbol_refs:
- sym:2
- sym:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: scene:4
label: Tradition of kin preference and union
summary: A tradition reports Muhammad assigning kin shares to Hashemites and descendants
of al Motalleb, answering objections by emphasizing al Motalleb's descendants'
loyalty and joining his fingers as a sign of union.
figure_refs:
- fig:2
- fig:9
- fig:11
- fig:12
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: scene:5
label: Rules for immovable war property
summary: Immovable possessions taken in war are said to follow the general rules
for spoil, while the fifth is managed through income or proceeds for public and
pious uses.
figure_refs:
- fig:4
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: equal sharing of war spoil between fighters and rear guard
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The passage explicitly reports two disputes where fighters objected to sharing
with those who stayed behind, followed by a rule that they should share alike.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
confidence: high
cautions: This is a legal-historical motif in the commentary rather than a narrative
mythic episode in the passage itself.
- id: motif:2
label: divinely grounded allocation of spoils
taxonomy_refs:
- sacred_exchange
basis: Spoil is framed as a gift of God, and a reserved fifth is assigned to God,
the apostle, kin, needy groups, and public or pious uses under differing interpretations.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:3
- ev:5
confidence: medium
cautions: The taxonomy reference is approximate; the passage concerns juridical
distribution more than reciprocal offering or exchange.
- id: motif:3
label: sacred share reserved before communal distribution
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: A fifth part is removed from spoil before division and assigned to sacred,
kinship, charitable, public, or pious purposes.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:5
confidence: high
cautions: The motif is extracted from legal commentary, not from a mythic narrative
sequence.
- id: motif:4
label: kin solidarity signaled by joined fingers
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Muhammad is reported as joining his fingers together to symbolize the strict
union between descendants of al Motalleb and the Hashemites.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
confidence: high
cautions: This is a symbolic gesture within a legal-traditional anecdote.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
claim: The passage itself presents the Bedr booty dispute and the dispute among
David's soldiers over Amalekite spoil as parallel cases with the same issue and
the same rule of equal sharing.
claim_level: same_function
target: David's soldiers and the spoils recovered from the Amalekites, 1 Samuel
30:21-25, as cited in the passage
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: high
limitations: The comparison is made by the commentator; the passage does not establish
historical contact, only functional similarity in the reported legal decision.
- id: claim:2
claim: The passage compares Qur'anic spoil distribution with Jewish and biblical
precedents involving a prince, Moses, Joshua, and communal or combatant shares.
claim_level: same_function
target: Jewish and biblical rules or narratives of spoil division cited in the passage
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: medium
limitations: The passage reports multiple precedents and opinions, and notes that
the Mosaic case is treated as peculiar rather than a general precedent.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: 6893-6915
quote_or_summary: Spoil is described as God's immediate gift and as fit for the
apostle's disposition; Jewish and biblical examples are given, including division
between captors and prince, Moses' division of Midianite plunder, and Joshua's
words to tribes returning to Gilead.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary generated from provided passage.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: 6915-6922
quote_or_summary: 'The passage states that Muhammad''s men disputed booty at Bedr
on the same occasion as David''s soldiers disputed Amalekite spoils: fighters
wanted to exclude those who stayed with the baggage, but both cases received the
same future rule, equal sharing.'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary generated from provided passage.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: 6923-6952
quote_or_summary: The Qur'anic fifth part of spoil is assigned to God, the apostle,
kindred, orphans, the poor, and travelers; interpretations by al Shafi'i, Malik
ibn Anas, Abu'l Aliya, and Abu Hanifa differ on how this share is divided or controlled.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary generated from provided passage.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: 6953-6966
quote_or_summary: A tradition reports Muhammad dividing the kin share among descendants
of Hashem and al Motalleb, answering objections by Othman ibn Affan and Jobeir
ibn Matam, and joining his fingers to show the union of al Motalleb's descendants
with the Hashemites.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary generated from provided passage.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: 6967-6976
quote_or_summary: The passage reports further opinions about whether the Quraysh,
poor kin, or all kin receive the fifth, and states that immovable war possessions
follow the same laws as movables, with the fifth's proceeds applied to public
and pious uses.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary generated from provided passage.
confidence:
extraction: high
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: medium
notes: The passage is primarily legal commentary rather than mythic narrative. Literal
extraction is strong; motif taxonomy mapping is limited and should be reviewed.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
No figures, symbols, or comparison claims beyond those supported by the supplied passage were added.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l6893-l6976
passage_sha256=d1fe99b88278de276a3cd6f7dc5106b3f4af3611a23cab68bafff13633ed6701