batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l6834-l6890
---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l6834-l6890
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
label: SECTION V. / OF CERTAIN NEGATIVE PRECEPTS IN THE KORN. / SECTION VI. / OF
THE INSTITUTIONS OF THE KORAN IN CIVIL AFFAIRS.; lines 6834-6890
start: '6834'
end: '6890'
translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: 'The passage describes rules attributed to Islamic warfare and civil institutions
in Sale''s commentary: opponents of a different faith are presented with three
options; captives and tribute are regulated; a comparison is made to Jewish laws
of war and Joshua''s offers to Canaan; and rules for distributing spoil, including
a reserved fifth and exceptions in particular expeditions, are described.'
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: 'When war is declared against people of a different faith, the passage says
they are offered three choices: embrace Mohammedism, submit and pay tribute, or
fight by the sword.'
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: If the Moslems prevail in the sword option, the passage says women and children
taken captive become slaves, while captured men may be slain unless they convert
or may be otherwise disposed of by the prince.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:3
text: The passage states that the Islamic rules described agree with Jewish laws
of war concerning nations not devoted to destruction.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:4
text: 'Joshua is said to have sent three written schedules to the inhabitants of
Canaan: one permitting flight, one permitting surrender, and one permitting battle.'
category: object
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:5
text: The passage says the Gibeonites obtained security by stratagem after refusing
terms offered by Joshua.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:6
text: The passage quotes a statement that the LORD hardened the hearts of the Canaanite
nations so that they might be utterly destroyed.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:7
text: After Mohammed's first considerable success in war, a dispute among his followers
over dividing spoil led to a regulation of the spoil.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:8
text: The passage says Mohammed claimed a divine commission to distribute the spoil
at his own discretion and first reserve one-fifth for specified uses.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:9
text: In the case of the spoil of Hawzen at Honein, the passage says Mohammed gave
presents to Meccans only, passed by those of Medina, and especially distinguished
principal Korashites.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:10
text: In the expedition against al Nadr, the passage says Mohammed was allowed to
take the whole booty because the army went on foot and used no horses or camels,
and that this thereafter became law.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: Mohammedans / Moslems
description: The group described as declaring war, offering terms, and receiving
legal rules on war and spoil.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:3
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: people of a different faith
description: Opponents of the Mohammedans who are given the three offers in war.
role_refs:
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: captured women and children
description: Captives who, if made captive after Moslem victory, are described as
becoming absolute slaves.
role_refs:
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: captured men
description: Men taken in battle who may be slain unless they convert, or otherwise
disposed of by the prince.
role_refs:
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: prince
description: Authority at whose pleasure captured men may be disposed of, according
to the passage.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: Jews / Israelites
description: The passage compares the described war laws with laws given to the
Jews and later refers to the Israelites.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:6
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: Joshua
description: Leader said to have sent three schedules to Canaan's inhabitants before
entering the land.
role_refs:
- role:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: inhabitants of Canaan / Canaanite nations
description: Recipients of Joshua's three schedules; most are said not to have made
peace with the Israelites.
role_refs:
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:9
name_or_label: Gibeonites
description: The exception among the Canaanite nations, said to have obtained terms
of security by stratagem.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:10
name_or_label: the LORD
description: Divine figure said, in the quoted biblical explanation, to have hardened
the hearts of the Canaanite nations for their destruction.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:11
name_or_label: Mohammed
description: Figure described as regulating the division of spoil, claiming divine
commission, and distributing booty in particular cases.
role_refs:
- role:4
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: fig:12
name_or_label: Mohammed's followers / soldiers
description: Followers among whom a dispute arose about dividing spoil; soldiers
among whom the spoil was to be distributed.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:13
name_or_label: Meccans
description: Recipients of presents from the spoil of Hawzen at Honein.
role_refs:
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: fig:14
name_or_label: people of Medina
description: Group passed by in Mohammed's distribution of the Hawzen spoil.
role_refs:
- role:10
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: fig:15
name_or_label: principal Korashites
description: Group especially distinguished in Mohammed's distribution of the Hawzen
spoil.
role_refs:
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: fig:16
name_or_label: al Nadr
description: Group against whom an expedition is mentioned; their booty was taken
under a special rule.
role_refs:
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
roles:
- id: role:1
label: war-declaring or war-leading group/leader
assigned_to:
- fig:1
- fig:7
basis: The Moslems are described as declaring war and Joshua as sending terms before
entering Canaan.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: role:2
label: opponents offered terms or attacked
assigned_to:
- fig:2
- fig:8
- fig:16
basis: These groups are described as recipients of war terms or targets of an expedition.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:5
- id: role:3
label: captives subject to post-battle disposition
assigned_to:
- fig:3
- fig:4
basis: The passage specifies different outcomes for women, children, and men taken
captive.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:4
label: discretionary ruler or distributor
assigned_to:
- fig:5
- fig:11
basis: The prince is named as deciding captives' disposition, and Mohammed is described
as distributing spoil at his discretion.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:3
- id: role:5
label: comparative legal tradition group
assigned_to:
- fig:6
basis: The passage explicitly compares Islamic war rules with laws of war given
to the Jews.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: role:6
label: participants in spoil distribution
assigned_to:
- fig:1
- fig:11
- fig:12
basis: The passage describes disputes and regulations concerning how spoil is divided
among followers or soldiers.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: role:7
label: stratagem users obtaining security
assigned_to:
- fig:9
basis: The Gibeonites are said to have obtained terms of security by stratagem.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: role:8
label: divine agent of hardening and destruction
assigned_to:
- fig:10
basis: The quoted explanation attributes hardening of hearts to the LORD so that
the nations might be destroyed.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: role:9
label: favored recipients of booty gifts
assigned_to:
- fig:13
- fig:15
basis: The Meccans and principal Korashites are described as receiving or being
distinguished by presents from the spoil.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: role:10
label: excluded recipients
assigned_to:
- fig:14
basis: The people of Medina are described as being passed by in the distribution.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: three offers
literal_form: 'A threefold choice: conversion, tribute submission, or battle by
the sword.'
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:2
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: sym:2
label: sword
literal_form: The sword as the third option for deciding the quarrel.
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:2
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: sym:3
label: three schedules
literal_form: 'Three written schedules attributed to Joshua: flee, surrender, or
fight.'
associated_figures:
- fig:7
- fig:8
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: sym:4
label: tribute
literal_form: Payment made by submitting opponents, allowing continued profession
of their religion under stated limits.
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:2
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: sym:5
label: spoil / booty
literal_form: War goods whose distribution is disputed and regulated.
associated_figures:
- fig:11
- fig:12
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: sym:6
label: one-fifth part
literal_form: A reserved fifth of the spoil set aside before distribution.
associated_figures:
- fig:11
- fig:12
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: sym:7
label: horses and camels
literal_form: Animals whose non-use in the al Nadr expedition is given as the reason
for a special booty rule.
associated_figures:
- fig:11
- fig:16
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Three offers before war
summary: The passage describes a rule in which people of a different faith are given
the options of conversion, tribute submission, or battle.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:2
- sym:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: scene:2
label: Post-battle captive disposition
summary: If the Moslems prevail, the passage describes enslavement for captured
women and children and discretionary outcomes for captured men.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:3
- fig:4
- fig:5
symbol_refs:
- sym:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: scene:3
label: Comparison with Joshua's war schedules
summary: The passage compares the Islamic war offers with Jewish war laws and describes
Joshua sending three schedules to Canaan's inhabitants.
figure_refs:
- fig:6
- fig:7
- fig:8
- fig:9
- fig:10
symbol_refs:
- sym:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: scene:4
label: Regulation of spoil after dispute
summary: After a dispute among Mohammed's followers over spoil, Mohammed is described
as claiming authority to distribute it at his discretion while reserving a fifth.
figure_refs:
- fig:11
- fig:12
symbol_refs:
- sym:5
- sym:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: scene:5
label: Selective distribution of Hawzen spoil
summary: The passage says Mohammed gave the Hawzen spoil as presents to Meccans,
passed by those of Medina, and favored principal Korashites.
figure_refs:
- fig:11
- fig:13
- fig:14
- fig:15
symbol_refs:
- sym:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: scene:6
label: Special al Nadr booty rule
summary: In the al Nadr expedition, the passage says Mohammed could take the whole
booty because no horses or camels were used and the army went on foot.
figure_refs:
- fig:11
- fig:16
symbol_refs:
- sym:5
- sym:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: threefold ultimatum before conflict
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: 'The passage presents a repeated three-option structure for opponents: convert,
submit with tribute, or fight; it also reports a parallel three-schedule form
attributed to Joshua: flee, surrender, or fight.'
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
confidence: medium
cautions: This is a legal-historical pattern in the commentary rather than a mythic
narrative episode.
- id: motif:2
label: submission and tribute in exchange for protected religious practice
taxonomy_refs:
- sacred_exchange
basis: The passage says submitting opponents who pay tribute may continue professing
their own religion under stated limits.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
confidence: low
cautions: The available taxonomy label is broad; the passage concerns political-religious
legal status rather than a symbolic exchange myth.
- id: motif:3
label: divinely sanctioned destruction through hardened hearts
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: The passage quotes the explanation that the LORD hardened the hearts of the
Canaanite nations so that they might be utterly destroyed.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
confidence: medium
cautions: This motif is present through a cited biblical comparison, not as the
main subject of the Islamic legal exposition.
- id: motif:4
label: divine authorization of spoil distribution
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The passage says Mohammed claimed a divine commission to distribute war spoil
at his own discretion and to reserve one-fifth.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
confidence: medium
cautions: The text is commentary and uses polemical wording; extraction records
the passage's assertion without validating it.
- id: motif:5
label: exceptional booty rule based on mode of expedition
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The passage describes an expedition in which the whole booty could be taken
by Mohammed because the army went on foot and used no horses or camels, and says
this became law.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
confidence: medium
cautions: This is a legal-institutional pattern rather than a conventional myth
motif.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
claim: The passage explicitly compares the described Islamic war-offer procedure
with Jewish laws of war for nations not devoted to destruction.
claim_level: same_function
target: Jewish laws of war in Deuteronomy 20:10-15 as cited by Sale
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:6
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: high
limitations: The comparison is made by the commentator and concerns legal function,
not evidence of historical contact or common origin.
- id: claim:2
claim: The passage presents Joshua's three schedules to Canaan as structurally similar
to the three offers given by Mohammedans before war.
claim_level: same_motif
target: Joshua's three schedules to the inhabitants of Canaan
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: medium
limitations: 'The two triads are not identical: the Islamic list is conversion,
tribute, or battle, while Joshua''s reported list is flight, surrender, or battle.'
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: lines 6834-6844
quote_or_summary: 'The passage says people of a different faith are offered three
choices in war: embrace Mohammedism, submit and pay tribute, or decide by the
sword; it also describes the fate of captives if the Moslems prevail.'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: lines 6844-6853
quote_or_summary: The passage says these laws agree with Jewish laws of war; Joshua
is said to have sent Canaan three schedules, and the text notes the Gibeonites'
stratagem and the LORD hardening hearts for destruction.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: lines 6853-6862
quote_or_summary: After a dispute over spoil among Mohammed's followers, the passage
says Mohammed claimed divine commission to distribute the spoil at his discretion,
reserving a one-fifth part first.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: lines 6862-6868
quote_or_summary: The passage describes Mohammed's distribution of the Hawzen spoil
after Honein as presents to Meccans only, passing by Medina and favoring principal
Korashites.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: lines 6868-6874
quote_or_summary: The passage says Mohammed could take the whole booty in the expedition
against al Nadr because no horses or camels were used and the army went on foot,
and that this became law.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
type: citation
locator: lines 6875-6890
quote_or_summary: Footnotes cite Deuteronomy 20:10-15, Talmudic and rabbinic sources,
Joshua 11:20, Qur'an chapters 8 and 59, and Abulfeda for the legal and historical
claims.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; citation summarized.
confidence:
extraction: medium
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: medium
notes: The passage is mainly commentary on legal precepts and historical reports,
not a mythic narrative; motif assignments are therefore cautious. Comparison claims
are limited to comparisons explicitly made in the passage.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
Used only the supplied passage and metadata. No external taxonomy identifiers beyond the provided available references were added.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l6834-l6890
passage_sha256=fc4fb9ce59fb1f331e19cbb3b45922a8a8a848a8316928df97444ce7c06e47c2