batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l6781-l6831
---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l6781-l6831
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
label: SECTION V. / OF CERTAIN NEGATIVE PRECEPTS IN THE KORN. / SECTION VI. / OF
THE INSTITUTIONS OF THE KORAN IN CIVIL AFFAIRS.; lines 6781-6831
start: '6781'
end: '6831'
translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: The passage compares Jewish, Christian, and Mohammedan teachings or laws
concerning religious warfare, bravery in battle, heavenly or divine reward, divine
commission against enemies, and the treatment of enemies or captives in war.
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: A fighter who fails in battle through fear or insufficient effort is described
as bearing the blood of the people and is associated with a curse on negligent
divine work and holding back the sword from blood.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: A brave fighter who acts without trembling to glorify God's name is said to
expect victory, fear no danger, and receive an enduring house and life bound with
God.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:3
text: Christian exhortations quoted in the passage promise the kingdom of heaven
or a celestial reward to those who faithfully die in holy warfare for the faith,
country, or Christians.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:4
text: The author says Jews had a divine commission to attack, subdue, and destroy
enemies of their religion, and that Mohammed claimed a similar commission for
himself and his Moslems.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:5
text: The author explicitly states that he is observing conformity between Mohammedan
military laws and Jewish military laws.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:6
text: The passage says early Mohammedan practice doomed opponents taken in battle
to death, but that this was later judged too severe once the religion was established.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:7
text: The passage says a similar sentence was pronounced against the seven Canaanite
nations whose possessions were given to the Israelites.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: Fearful or negligent fighter
description: A fighter who does not fight stoutly and whose fear may weaken his
brethren.
role_refs:
- role:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: Brave fighter
description: A fighter who behaves bravely in battle to the utmost of his endeavor
and with intent to glorify God's name.
role_refs:
- role:2
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: God / the LORD / the Almighty
description: The divine figure whose name is glorified and from whom victory, a
sure house, life with God, or celestial reward is expected in the quoted material.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: Christian holy-war fighters
description: Franks or Christians addressed in exhortations about warfare for the
holy faith, truth of the faith, country, and defense of Christians.
role_refs:
- role:2
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: Jews
description: A group said by the author to have had a divine commission to attack,
subdue, and destroy enemies of their religion.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: Mohammed and his Moslems
description: Mohammed is said by the author to have claimed a similar commission
for himself and his Moslems.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: Opposers of Mohammedism taken in battle
description: Enemies captured in battle during the infancy of Mohammedism who were
said to be doomed to death.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: Seven Canaanite nations
description: Nations whose possessions were given to the Israelites and against
whom a sentence of destruction is said to have been pronounced.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: fig:9
name_or_label: Israelites
description: The group for whom the possessions of the seven Canaanite nations were
said to be designed or given.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
roles:
- id: role:1
label: fearful combatant whose failure endangers the group
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: The passage says the fighter's failure can make his brethren's heart fail
and places the blood of the whole people on his neck.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:2
label: sacred-war combatant
assigned_to:
- fig:2
- fig:4
basis: The fighters are described as fighting to glorify God's name or against enemies
of the holy faith.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- id: role:3
label: recipient of promised divine or heavenly reward
assigned_to:
- fig:2
- fig:4
basis: The passage associates brave or faithful death in warfare with victory, a
sure house, life with God, the kingdom of heaven, or celestial reward.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- id: role:4
label: divine rewarder
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: The quoted and summarized material attributes reward, victory, a sure house,
or heavenly recompense to God or the Almighty.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- id: role:5
label: bearer or claimant of divine war commission
assigned_to:
- fig:5
- fig:6
basis: The author says Jews had a divine commission and Mohammed claimed one for
himself and his Moslems.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: role:6
label: enemy group under sentence of death or destruction
assigned_to:
- fig:7
- fig:8
basis: The passage describes captured opposers as doomed to death and says the same
sentence was pronounced against the Canaanite nations.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:7
- id: role:7
label: settling people receiving enemy possessions
assigned_to:
- fig:9
basis: The passage says the Canaanites' possessions were given to the Israelites
for settlement in the designed country.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: blood on the neck
literal_form: Image of the blood of the whole people hanging on a fighter's neck.
associated_figures:
- fig:1
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: sym:2
label: sword from blood
literal_form: Sword withheld from blood in a curse against negligent divine work.
associated_figures:
- fig:1
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: sym:3
label: sure house
literal_form: A house in Israel built for the brave fighter and his children forever.
associated_figures:
- fig:2
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: sym:4
label: bundle of life with God
literal_form: The fighter's life bound up in the bundle of life with the LORD his
God.
associated_figures:
- fig:2
- fig:3
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: sym:5
label: kingdom of heaven / celestial reward
literal_form: Heavenly kingdom or celestial reward promised to those who die in
holy warfare.
associated_figures:
- fig:3
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Warning against fearful failure in battle
summary: The passage describes a teaching in which a fearful or negligent fighter
endangers his brethren and bears responsibility for the people's blood.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: scene:2
label: Reward for brave sacred combat
summary: A brave fighter who fights to glorify God is promised confidence in victory
and lasting divine favor for himself and his children.
figure_refs:
- fig:2
- fig:3
symbol_refs:
- sym:3
- sym:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: scene:3
label: Christian holy-war reward exhortations
summary: Christian authorities are quoted as exhorting fighters in holy war and
promising heavenly or celestial reward to those who die faithfully.
figure_refs:
- fig:3
- fig:4
symbol_refs:
- sym:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: scene:4
label: Comparison of religious war commissions
summary: The author compares Jewish divine commission, Mohammed's claimed commission
for Moslems, and Christian teaching or practice in religious war.
figure_refs:
- fig:5
- fig:6
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: scene:5
label: Death sentences against enemies
summary: The passage compares early Mohammedan treatment of captured opponents with
the sentence against the seven Canaanite nations in relation to Israelite settlement.
figure_refs:
- fig:7
- fig:8
- fig:9
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:7
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: Sacred warfare rewarded by God or heaven
taxonomy_refs:
- sacred_exchange
basis: The passage repeatedly links brave or faithful participation in religious
warfare, including death in such warfare, with divine or heavenly reward.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
confidence: medium
cautions: The available taxonomy does not include a specific holy-war or martyrdom
motif; 'sacred_exchange' is a broad fit only.
- id: motif:2
label: Cowardice in battle as collective blood-guilt
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The passage states that a fighter who fails to fight stoutly may bear the
blood of the whole people and cause his brethren's heart to fail.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
confidence: high
cautions: This is a moral-legal martial pattern rather than a narrative mythic motif.
- id: motif:3
label: Divine or claimed divine commission to destroy religious enemies
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The author says Jews had a divine commission to attack, subdue, and destroy
enemies, and that Mohammed claimed a similar commission for himself and his Moslems.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
confidence: high
cautions: The passage reports the author's comparative claim; it does not narrate
the original scriptural episodes in detail.
- id: motif:4
label: Enemy peoples or captives placed under sentence of death
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The passage compares opponents of Mohammedism taken in battle and the seven
Canaanite nations as groups under a death or destruction sentence.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:7
confidence: high
cautions: The account is summarized through Sale's commentary and cited references,
not through direct quotation of the underlying legal texts.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
claim: The passage explicitly compares Mohammedan military laws with Jewish military
laws and states that the author is observing conformity between them.
claim_level: same_function
target: Jewish military laws concerning religious war and enemy destruction
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
- ev:7
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: high
limitations: The comparison is the author's commentary and depends on his selection
and framing of sources.
- id: claim:2
claim: The passage presents Christian holy-war exhortations as functionally similar
to Jewish and Mohammedan sacred warfare teachings in promising divine or heavenly
reward for fighting or dying in religious war.
claim_level: same_function
target: Christian holy-war exhortation and reward traditions
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: medium
limitations: The passage also emphasizes the author's judgment that Christian practice
is contrary to the Gospel; it does not establish historical dependence among the
traditions.
- id: claim:3
claim: The passage aligns early Mohammedan death sentences for captured opponents
with the sentence against the seven Canaanite nations as comparable wartime destruction
policies.
claim_level: same_function
target: Sentence against the seven Canaanite nations
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:7
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: high
limitations: The text gives only a brief comparison and does not provide the full
legal or historical context for either case.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: lines 6781-6788
quote_or_summary: A negligent or fearful fighter is described as bearing the blood
of the whole people, making his brethren's heart fail, and being associated with
a curse on negligent work and withholding the sword from blood.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: lines 6788-6796
quote_or_summary: A brave fighter who acts to glorify God's name is told to expect
victory and safety, with a sure house in Israel and life bound with the LORD his
God.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: lines 6797-6808
quote_or_summary: Christian authorities are quoted as promising the kingdom of heaven
or a celestial reward to those who die faithfully in warfare for the holy faith,
truth of faith, country, and defense of Christians.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: lines 6808-6817
quote_or_summary: The author states that Jews had a divine commission to attack,
subdue, and destroy enemies of their religion, that Mohammed claimed one for himself
and his Moslems, and that Christians carried such matters farther despite the
Gospel.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: lines 6818-6822
quote_or_summary: The author says he will observe conformity between Mohammedan
military laws and those of the Jews.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: lines 6823-6828
quote_or_summary: While Mohammedism was in its infancy, opponents taken in battle
were doomed to death without mercy, but this was later judged too severe when
the religion was established.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
type: summary
locator: lines 6828-6831
quote_or_summary: The same sentence is said to have been pronounced against the
seven Canaanite nations whose possessions were given to the Israelites.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
extraction: high
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: medium
notes: The passage is a comparative commentary on religious and military laws rather
than a narrative myth. Literal relationships and comparisons are clear, but mapping
them to broad motif-family taxonomy is partly approximate.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
No external sources or unstated taxonomy identifiers were used.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l6781-l6831
passage_sha256=c60b1f9b29b9b5678d39af5a6481d862632dee46209cf8b0cea2b42cb3806bd7