Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l6226-l6276

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l6226-l6276

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l6226-l6276
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
  label: SECTION III / SECTION IV. / SECTION V. / OF CERTAIN NEGATIVE PRECEPTS IN
    THE KORN.; lines 6226-6276
  start: '6226'
  end: '6276'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: The passage explains several pre-Islamic Arab classifications of consecrated
    animals, including Bahra/Sba, Wasla, and Hami. It describes rules about drinking
    milk, sacrificing or sparing offspring, turning animals loose, freeing animals
    from labor, and restricting human use of them. It states that these customs were
    observed in honor of false gods and condemned in the Koran as impious superstitions.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: A female camel category is described whose milk was reserved for her young
    one or a guest until her death; after death her flesh was eaten, and her last
    female young one had her ear slit and was turned loose as Bahra.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: The appellation Sba is said to apply not only to female camels but also, in
    some explanations, to a male animal, a freed servant, or an animal turned loose
    in honor of idols with restricted use thereafter.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: Wasla is explained through several variants involving repeated births by a
    she-camel or ewe, twin births, male and female offspring, and the formula that
    a female offspring is joined to her brother.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:4
  text: In the Wasla variants, offspring may be consecrated, sacrificed, spared, turned
    loose, or reserved for use by men or women according to sex and birth order.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:5
  text: Hami is described as a male camel used as a stallion and then freed from labor
    after females had conceived ten times by him.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:6
  text: After becoming Hami, the male camel was let loose, not driven from pasture
    or water, and no benefit was to be taken from him, including shearing his hair.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:7
  text: The customs are described as observed by the old Arabs in honor of their false
    gods, ascribed to divine institution, and condemned in the Koran as impious superstitions.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: Bahra / final female young one
  description: A last female young one whose ear was slit and who was turned loose
    like her dam.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Sba animal
  description: An animal, sometimes described as female or male, turned loose in honor
    of idols with restricted use thereafter.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Wasla animal
  description: A she-camel or ewe defined through repeated births, twins, or male-female
    offspring, with rules governing milk, sacrifice, consecration, and use.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Hami male camel
  description: A stallion camel freed from labor after ten conceptions and thereafter
    protected from ordinary human use.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: old Arabs
  description: The people said to have observed these animal customs in honor of false
    gods.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: false gods / idols
  description: The beings in whose honor the animals were turned loose, consecrated,
    or used in ritual observance.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:5
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: consecrated or protected animal
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  basis: The animals are described as turned loose, consecrated, spared, freed from
    labor, or protected from ordinary use.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: role:2
  label: sacrificial or spared offspring
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: Wasla variants determine whether male offspring are sacrificed, consecrated,
    or spared because of a female counterpart.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:3
  label: ritual observers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: The passage says the old Arabs observed these customs as worship practices.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:4
  label: recipient of honor or consecration
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: The passage says animals were turned loose or observances performed in honor
    of idols or false gods.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:5
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: restricted milk
  literal_form: Milk of the dam reserved for particular permitted consumers according
    to animal category, sex, or ritual status.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs:
  - milk
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:3
- id: sym:2
  label: slit ear
  literal_form: The ear of the last female young one is slit before she is called
    Bahra and turned loose.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:3
  label: turned-loose consecrated animal
  literal_form: Animals are released from ordinary labor or use and allowed to go
    loose.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: sym:4
  label: male-female twin or joined pair
  literal_form: A male and female offspring pair is described as joined, sometimes
    causing the male to be spared from sacrifice.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:5
  label: pasture and water access
  literal_form: The Hami camel is not driven from pasture or water.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Bahra or Sba release and restricted use
  summary: A consecrated animal has restrictions placed on its milk or use, and its
    female young one may have the ear slit and be turned loose.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: scene:2
  label: Wasla birth classification
  summary: A she-camel or ewe is classified by repeated births and male-female offspring
    patterns, resulting in rules about milk, sacrifice, consecration, sparing, and
    gendered access.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:3
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: scene:3
  label: Hami stallion release
  summary: A male camel used for breeding is freed from labor after a specified number
    of conceptions and protected from ordinary human benefit.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: scene:4
  label: Koranic condemnation of animal superstitions
  summary: The passage states that these old Arab observances were performed in honor
    of false gods, ascribed to divine institution, and condemned in the Koran.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: consecrated animal released from ordinary use
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacred_exchange
  basis: Animals are turned loose, freed from labor, or protected from benefit in
    honor of idols or false gods.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The available taxonomy does not include a precise category for consecrated
    livestock taboo; sacred_exchange is a broad fit only.
- id: motif:2
  label: animal sacrifice or offering to gods
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacrifice
  basis: Several Wasla variants describe male offspring being consecrated or sacrificed
    to gods, while other offspring are spared under specified conditions.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage is explanatory and legal-polemical rather than a narrative
    myth of sacrifice.
- id: motif:3
  label: sacred or tabooed male-female birth pair
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacred_twins
  basis: Wasla explanations repeatedly focus on twin or paired male and female births,
    including the statement that the female is joined to her brother and the resulting
    ritual sparing or restriction.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  confidence: low
  cautions: The taxonomy reference is tentative because the passage concerns livestock
    birth rules, not mythic twin figures.
- id: motif:4
  label: condemnation of ritual superstition attributed to divine institution
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The passage says the customs were ascribed to divine institution but condemned
    in the Koran as impious superstitions.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  confidence: medium
  cautions: No specific available motif-family taxonomy directly captures legal condemnation
    of pre-Islamic animal taboos.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 6226-6233
  quote_or_summary: A camel category is described with restricted milk use until death;
    after death the flesh is eaten, and the last female young one has her ear slit,
    is called Bahra, and is turned loose.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 6234-6240
  quote_or_summary: The term Sba is explained as applying in some cases to male animals,
    freed servants, or animals turned loose in honor of idols, with later use restricted.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 6241-6263
  quote_or_summary: Wasla is explained through multiple variants involving repeated
    births, twins, male and female offspring, the phrase that a female is joined to
    her brother, milk restrictions, consecration, sacrifice, sparing, and gendered
    use.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 6264-6268
  quote_or_summary: Hami is a stallion camel freed from labor after females conceived
    ten times by him; he is not driven from pasture or water, and no benefit, even
    hair-shearing, is allowed.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 6269-6276
  quote_or_summary: The passage states that these practices were observed by the old
    Arabs in honor of false gods, treated as divinely instituted, and condemned in
    the Koran as impious superstitions.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: uncertain
  notes: Literal extraction is strong because the passage is explicit. Motif classification
    is less certain because the passage is a translator's explanatory note on legal-religious
    customs, and the available taxonomy only partially matches the material.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  Used only the supplied passage and metadata. No external taxonomy identifiers beyond the provided available refs were added.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l6226-l6276
  passage_sha256=dcef0f24e19f69856ac9899fbd5b82118c4ce68e2d13a4fb15017addce4451fa