Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l5925-l6004

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l5925-l6004

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l5925-l6004
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
  label: SECTION III / SECTION IV. / SECTION V. / OF CERTAIN NEGATIVE PRECEPTS IN
    THE KORN.; lines 5925-6004
  start: '5925'
  end: '6004'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: 'The passage explains several negative precepts attributed to the Koran
    concerning intoxicating or imagination-altering substances. It discusses the prohibition
    of wine and strong liquors, stricter applications of that prohibition, disputes
    over coffee and tobacco, the unlawful status assigned by stricter Muslims to opium
    and beng, and reasons given for forbidding wine: social quarrels, disturbances,
    and neglect or indecency in religious duties. It also compares these restrictions
    with biblical restrictions on priests, Nazarites, and Rechabites.'
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: Wine and all strong and inebriating liquors are described as forbidden in
    more than one place in the Koran.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: Some interpreters are said to have argued that only excess in wine is forbidden,
    while the more received opinion is that any amount of strong liquor is unlawful.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:3
  text: The more conscientious are described as refusing not only to taste wine but
    also to press grapes for it, buy or sell it, or live from money gained by selling
    it.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:4
  text: Persians and Turks are described as fond of wine despite the stated religious
    prohibition.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:5
  text: Coffee is presented as a debated substance because its fumes were thought
    to affect the imagination; it was at times condemned and at times allowed.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:6
  text: Tobacco is described as generally tolerated, though more religious persons
    are said to make a scruple of taking it.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:7
  text: A traditional saying is reported that in later days some nominal Moslems would
    smoke a weed called tobacco.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:8
  text: Opium and beng are said to be esteemed unlawful by rigid Mohammedans because
    they intoxicate and disturb the understanding like wine.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:9
  text: The stated reasons for prohibiting wine are that its ill qualities exceed
    its good ones, producing quarrels, disturbances, and neglect or indecency in religious
    duties.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:10
  text: The passage states that priests under Levitical law, Nazarites, and Rechabites
    were forbidden wine or strong drink in particular contexts or commitments.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: Mohammed
  description: Named in connection with stories about the occasion of prohibiting
    wine and with a reported traditional saying concerning tobacco.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: more conscientious Muslims
  description: Persons described as strictly avoiding wine-related acts, especially
    after pilgrimage to Mecca.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Persians and Turks
  description: Groups described as fond of wine despite the religious prohibition.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: more religious persons
  description: Persons described as making a scruple of taking tobacco.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: rigid Mohammedans
  description: Persons described as esteeming opium and beng unlawful because of their
    intoxicating effect.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Levitical priests, Nazarites, and Rechabites
  description: Biblical groups cited as also subject to restrictions involving wine
    or strong drink.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: prophetic lawgiver or reported authority
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: Mohammed is connected with prohibition narratives and a reported traditional
    saying.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
- id: role:2
  label: strict religious adherent
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  basis: These figures are described as applying religious scruple to wine, tobacco,
    opium, or beng.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: role:3
  label: practitioner contrary to prohibition
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: Persians and Turks are described as drinking wine despite its prohibition.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:4
  label: comparative abstinent religious group
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: These biblical groups are cited as examples of wine or strong-drink restrictions.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: wine and strong liquor
  literal_form: Wine and all strong or inebriating liquors
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: sym:2
  label: coffee
  literal_form: Coffee, a drink said to affect the imagination and subject to legal
    dispute
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:3
  label: tobacco
  literal_form: A weed smoked by pipe, generally tolerated but religiously disputed
  associated_figures:
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:4
  label: opium and beng
  literal_form: Opium and beng, the latter identified as hemp leaves in pills or conserve
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:5
  label: pilgrimage to Mecca
  literal_form: Pilgrimage to Mecca
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Wine prohibition and strict avoidance
  summary: The passage presents wine and strong liquors as forbidden, notes a debate
    about moderation versus total prohibition, and describes strict adherents extending
    avoidance to production, trade, and profit from wine.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: scene:2
  label: Practice contrary to prohibition
  summary: Persians and Turks are described as drinking wine despite the prohibition
    and as explaining the inconsistency by comparison with Christians who violate
    their own moral rules.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: scene:3
  label: Disputed substances beyond wine
  summary: Coffee, tobacco, opium, and beng are discussed as substances debated or
    condemned because of effects on imagination, intoxication, or understanding.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  - sym:3
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: scene:4
  label: Reasons and biblical analogues for abstinence
  summary: The passage gives reasons for forbidding wine as social disorder and religious
    neglect, then cites Levitical priests, Nazarites, and Rechabites as analogous
    groups restricted from wine or strong drink.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: Religious prohibition of intoxicants
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The passage repeatedly frames wine, strong liquors, and other intoxicating
    substances as unlawful or disputed because of their intoxicating effects.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  confidence: high
  cautions: This is a legal-religious pattern in an expository passage rather than
    a narrative mythic motif.
- id: motif:2
  label: Expanded purity boundary around a forbidden substance
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Strict adherents are described as avoiding not only drinking wine but also
    producing, trading, or profiting from it.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage reports a strict practice, not a formal narrative episode.
- id: motif:3
  label: Intoxicant as cause of social and ritual disorder
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Wine is said to produce quarrels, disturbances, and neglect or indecency
    in religious duties.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  confidence: high
  cautions: The motif is inferred from stated rationale rather than dramatized through
    a story.
- id: motif:4
  label: Dispute over new or marginal substances within religious law
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Coffee and tobacco are described as subjects of condemnation, tolerance,
    and scruple because of their perceived effects.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage is historical-expository and does not provide a single canonical
    ruling for all substances.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: The passage explicitly compares Islamic restrictions on wine or intoxicants
    with biblical restrictions on Levitical priests, Nazarites, and Rechabites, presenting
    them as serving a similar abstinence function.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: Biblical wine or strong-drink restrictions for priests, Nazarites, and Rechabites
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The comparison is functional and textual as stated by the passage;
    it does not establish historical dependence or identical ritual meaning.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 5929-5942
  quote_or_summary: Wine, including all strong and inebriating liquors, is described
    as forbidden in the Koran; the passage notes disagreement over whether only excess
    or all use is prohibited.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 5955-5961
  quote_or_summary: The more conscientious, especially after pilgrimage to Mecca,
    are said to avoid tasting wine, pressing grapes for it, buying or selling it,
    or living from proceeds of its sale.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 5961-5968
  quote_or_summary: Persians and Turks are described as fond of wine and as defending
    their practice by analogy with Christians who violate religious prohibitions on
    drunkenness and sexual immorality.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 5969-5977
  quote_or_summary: Coffee is questioned under the intoxicant prohibition because
    its fumes affect the imagination; its public use spread from Aden and it was sometimes
    condemned and sometimes allowed.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 5977-5988
  quote_or_summary: Tobacco is generally tolerated, though more religious persons
    scruple over it; a reported saying predicts nominal Moslems smoking a weed called
    tobacco, and proverbs link coffee and tobacco as an entertainment.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 5989-5994
  quote_or_summary: Opium and beng, identified as hemp leaves in pills or conserve,
    are considered unlawful by rigid Mohammedans because they intoxicate and disturb
    understanding like wine, though they are commonly used.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 5995-6000
  quote_or_summary: The passage states that the true Koranic reasons for prohibiting
    wine are that its ill qualities surpass its good ones, causing quarrels, disturbances,
    and neglect or indecency in religious duties.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: lines 6000-6004
  quote_or_summary: The passage cites Levitical priests, Nazarites, and Rechabites
    as examples of biblical groups forbidden wine or strong drink.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: medium
  notes: The passage is expository religious commentary rather than mythic narrative.
    Literal legal and ritual patterns are clear, while motif classification is necessarily
    cautious.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  No available taxonomy motif family or symbol reference was applied because the supplied taxonomy did not include a precise intoxicant/prohibition category.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l5925-l6004
  passage_sha256=d29252c77eaff35397883cd91eaac85c47f8456413466509505843b88076b235