batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l5450-l5506
---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l5450-l5506
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
label: SECTION I. / SECTION II. / SECTION III / SECTION IV.; lines 5450-5506
start: '5450'
end: '5506'
translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: 'The passage discusses almsgiving in relation to Jewish charitable practices
and then describes fasting in Islam: its spiritual degrees, the obligation to
fast during Ramadan from new moon to new moon, abstinence from food, drink, women,
and bodily intake during daylight, permitted refreshment after sunset, and a Quranic
daybreak expression compared with Jewish practice.'
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: The passage says earlier rules on alms show traces of Jewish teaching and
practice concerning almsgiving.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: Jewish alms are identified as Sedaka, glossed as justice or righteousness,
and are said to be recommended by rabbis and preferred even to sacrifices.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:3
text: The passage states that frequent exercise of almsgiving is described as freeing
a person from hell fire and meriting everlasting life.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:4
text: The passage describes Jewish provisions for the poor, including corners and
gleanings of fields, harvests, and vineyards, and a portion called the tithes
of the poor.
category: object
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:5
text: The passage says some Jews gave half or all of their goods to the poor, and
that doctors later decreed that no one should give more than a fifth of his goods
in alms.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:6
text: The passage states that persons were publicly appointed in every synagogue
to collect and distribute contributions.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:7
text: Fasting is identified as the third point of religious practice.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:8
text: Mohammed is said to have called fasting the gate of religion and to have said
that the odor of the mouth of one who fasts is more grateful to God than musk.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:9
text: Al Ghazali is said to reckon fasting as one-fourth part of the faith.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:10
text: 'Mohammedan divines are said to distinguish three degrees of fasting: bodily
restraint from lusts; restraint of senses and members from sin; and the heart''s
fasting from worldly cares and thoughts apart from God.'
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:11
text: The Mohammedans are described as obliged by the Koran to fast for the whole
month of Ramadan from the first new moon to the next new moon.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:12
text: During the Ramadan fast, the passage says they must abstain from eating, drinking,
and women from daybreak until night or sunset.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:13
text: The passage describes strict rules by which the fast may be broken or nullified
by bodily intake or acts such as smelling perfumes, injections, bathing, swallowing
spittle intentionally, kissing or touching a woman, or deliberate vomiting.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: obs:14
text: After sunset, the passage says they may eat, drink, and enjoy the company
of their wives until daybreak.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: obs:15
text: A footnote cites the Quranic expression for daybreak as the time when one
can distinguish a white thread from a black thread.
category: object
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- id: obs:16
text: The passage says the white-thread and black-thread expression is borrowed
from Jewish practice concerning the time for beginning the morning lesson.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- id: obs:17
text: A note says the Virgin Mary, to avoid answering accusations after bringing
home a child, was advised by the angel Gabriel to say she had vowed a fast and
should not speak.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: Mohammed
description: Named as saying that fasting was the gate of religion and that the
odor of the fasting person's mouth is more grateful to God than musk.
role_refs:
- role:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: Al Ghazali
description: Named as reckoning fasting one-fourth part of the faith.
role_refs:
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: Mohammedan divines
description: Authorities said to define three degrees of fasting.
role_refs:
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: Mohammedans
description: The religious community described as obliged to fast during Ramadan
and to observe strict rules of abstinence.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:9
- ev:10
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: Jews and Rabbins
description: The comparative group described in relation to almsgiving, Sedaka,
poor-tithes, synagogue collection, and the daybreak thread expression.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:3
- ev:5
- ev:11
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: Virgin Mary
description: Mentioned in a note as avoiding speech by reference to a vowed fast.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: Angel Gabriel
description: Mentioned in a note as advising the Virgin Mary to say she had vowed
a fast and should not speak.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
roles:
- id: role:1
label: teacher on fasting
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: The passage attributes sayings about fasting's religious importance to Mohammed.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: role:2
label: authority valuing fasting
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: The passage attributes to Al Ghazali the statement that fasting is one-fourth
of faith.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: role:3
label: classifiers of fasting degrees
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: The passage says Mohammedan divines distinguish three degrees of fasting.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: role:4
label: fasting community
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: The passage describes Mohammedans as obliged to fast during Ramadan and as
observing detailed abstinence rules.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:9
- id: role:5
label: comparative almsgiving and timekeeping tradition
assigned_to:
- fig:5
basis: The passage compares Islamic alms and a daybreak expression with Jewish teaching
and practice.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:11
- id: role:6
label: silent faster in cited example
assigned_to:
- fig:6
basis: A note says Mary used a vowed fast to avoid speaking.
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
- id: role:7
label: adviser of vowed fast
assigned_to:
- fig:7
basis: A note says Gabriel advised Mary concerning the vowed fast and silence.
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: hell fire
literal_form: hell fire
associated_figures: []
taxonomy_refs:
- fire
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: sym:2
label: everlasting life
literal_form: everlasting life
associated_figures: []
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: sym:3
label: gate of religion
literal_form: gate of religion
associated_figures:
- fig:1
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: sym:4
label: new moon
literal_form: new moon marking the beginning and end of Ramadan
associated_figures:
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: sym:5
label: fasting mouth odor compared to musk
literal_form: odor of the mouth of one who fasts more grateful to God than musk
associated_figures:
- fig:1
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: sym:6
label: white and black threads at daybreak
literal_form: white thread and black thread distinguished by daybreak
associated_figures:
- fig:4
- fig:5
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- id: sym:7
label: corners and gleanings for the poor
literal_form: corners of the field and gleanings of harvest and vineyard
associated_figures:
- fig:5
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Almsgiving compared with Jewish practice
summary: The passage compares rules on alms with Jewish Sedaka, poor-tithes, gleanings,
limits on giving, and synagogue collection and distribution.
figure_refs:
- fig:5
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:2
- sym:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: scene:2
label: Three degrees of fasting
summary: Fasting is presented as a major religious practice, with sayings attributed
to Mohammed and Al Ghazali and with three degrees moving from bodily restraint
to restraint from sin and finally to the heart's turning from worldly cares toward
God.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
symbol_refs:
- sym:3
- sym:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:7
- id: scene:3
label: Ramadan daylight abstinence and nighttime permission
summary: The passage describes the Ramadan fast from new moon to new moon, abstinence
from food, drink, women, and bodily intake from daybreak to sunset, and permission
to eat, drink, and be with wives after sunset until daybreak.
figure_refs:
- fig:4
symbol_refs:
- sym:4
- sym:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:9
- ev:10
- ev:11
- id: scene:4
label: Vowed fast and silence in the Mary note
summary: A note says Mary was advised by Gabriel to avoid answering accusations
by saying she had vowed a fast and therefore should not speak.
figure_refs:
- fig:6
- fig:7
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: Almsgiving as salvific righteous practice
taxonomy_refs:
- sacred_exchange
- divine_judgment
basis: The passage links almsgiving with righteousness, release from hell fire,
and everlasting life, and describes institutional and proportional giving to the
poor.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:4
- ev:5
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage is a comparative explanatory note rather than a narrative
myth; taxonomy mapping is thematic and should be reviewed.
- id: motif:2
label: Ritual fasting as bodily and inward purification
taxonomy_refs:
- sacrifice
basis: The passage describes fasting as a core religious duty with degrees of bodily
restraint, restraint of senses and members from sin, and inward concentration
on God.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:7
confidence: medium
cautions: The available taxonomy has no specific fasting category; 'sacrifice' is
used only as a broad self-denial association.
- id: motif:3
label: Sacred calendar abstinence governed by lunar and dawn markers
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The Ramadan fast is bounded by new moons and by daybreak and sunset, with
the white and black thread image marking dawn.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:10
- ev:11
confidence: high
cautions: No provided taxonomy reference directly corresponds to lunar calendrical
fasting.
- id: motif:4
label: Vowed fast producing ritual silence
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The note about Mary says she was advised to say she had vowed a fast and
therefore should not speak.
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
confidence: medium
cautions: This is a brief footnote example rather than the main subject of the passage.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
claim: The passage explicitly presents Islamic rules concerning alms as showing
traces of Jewish teaching and practice concerning Sedaka and organized charity.
claim_level: same_function
target: Jewish Sedaka and synagogue charity practices
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:3
- ev:5
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: medium
limitations: The passage reports a translator's comparative claim and does not provide
independent historical demonstration in this excerpt.
- id: claim:2
claim: The passage explicitly says the Quranic white-thread and black-thread expression
for daybreak was borrowed from Jewish practice for determining the start of the
morning lesson.
claim_level: historical_contact
target: Jewish daybreak determination by blue and white garment threads
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: medium
limitations: The excerpt also notes that commentators do not approve this explanation;
the claim should be reviewed against broader sources.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: 5452-5458
quote_or_summary: The passage says rules concerning alms show footsteps of Jewish
teaching and practice; Jewish alms are called Sedaka, meaning justice or righteousness,
and are recommended by rabbis and preferred to sacrifices.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: 5456-5458
quote_or_summary: Almsgiving is described as a duty whose frequent exercise frees
a person from hell fire and merits everlasting life.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: 5458-5463
quote_or_summary: The passage describes corners and gleanings of fields, harvests,
and vineyards left for the poor and stranger, and a portion of corn and fruits
called the tithes of the poor.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: 5463-5468
quote_or_summary: The passage says Zaccheus gave half his goods to the poor, some
gave all, and Jewish doctors later decreed that no one should give more than a
fifth of goods in alms.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: 5468-5470
quote_or_summary: The passage states that people were publicly appointed in every
synagogue to collect and distribute contributions.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: 5471-5477
quote_or_summary: Fasting is introduced as the third point of religious practice;
Mohammed is said to call it the gate of religion and to praise the odor of the
fasting person's mouth; Al Ghazali reckons it one-fourth of faith.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
type: summary
locator: 5477-5483
quote_or_summary: 'Mohammedan divines define three degrees of fasting: restraining
bodily lusts; restraining ears, eyes, tongue, hands, feet, and members from sin;
and the heart''s fasting from worldly cares and all thoughts besides God.'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
type: summary
locator: 5484-5489
quote_or_summary: The passage says Mohammedans must fast throughout Ramadan, from
the first new moon to the next, abstaining from eating, drinking, and women from
daybreak until night or sunset.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
type: summary
locator: 5489-5498
quote_or_summary: 'Strict observance is described: the fast may be broken by bodily
intake or acts including smelling perfumes, injections, bathing, intentionally
swallowing spittle, speaking too freely by some cautions, kissing or touching
a woman, or deliberate vomiting.'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:10
type: summary
locator: 5498-5500
quote_or_summary: After sunset, they are allowed to eat, drink, and enjoy the company
of their wives until daybreak.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:11
type: summary
locator: 5503-5506
quote_or_summary: The Quranic wording marks daybreak as the time when a white thread
can be distinguished from a black thread; the passage says this expression was
borrowed from Jewish practice involving blue and white threads in garment fringes,
though commentators reject this explanation.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:12
type: summary
locator: 5500-5503
quote_or_summary: A note says the Virgin Mary was advised by Gabriel to say she
had vowed a fast and therefore should not speak, to avoid answering criticisms
after bringing home a child.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
extraction: high
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: medium
notes: Literal extraction is strong for alms, fasting rules, and explicit comparisons.
Motif-family assignments are broader than the passage's expository genre and need
human review.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
No external sources used; all claims derive from the supplied passage and metadata.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l5450-l5506
passage_sha256=6d1a4da28f87cd096e7083a35df7d6644e2b4b889e0db0c29bea2cf31a0b95d3