Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l4693-l4744

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l4693-l4744

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l4693-l4744
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
  label: SECTION I. / SECTION II. / SECTION III / SECTION IV.; lines 4693-4744
  start: '4693'
  end: '4744'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: 'The passage describes a post-punishment deliverance of some believers
    from hell: they are identifiable by marks of prostration untouched by fire, restored
    to life through divine mercy and intercession, and washed in the river of life
    in paradise. It then compares details about hell with Jewish and Magian teachings,
    including seven hellish divisions, angelic supervision, proportional punishments,
    intercession or eventual release, and torments by heat, cold, filth, serpents,
    beasts, devils, hunger, and thirst. It closes by introducing a wall or partition
    between paradise and hell.'
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: Some believers are said to be detained in a place of punishment for a long
    period before being delivered.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: The delivered believers are distinguished by marks of prostration on body
    parts used in prayer, which the fire has no power over.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:3
  text: The believers are relieved by the mercy of God and by the intercession of
    Mohammed and the blessed.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:4
  text: Some who had been dead are restored to life; others stained by hell’s flames
    and smoke are immersed in the river of life in paradise and washed white.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:5
  text: The passage states that Jewish and Magian traditions agree in making seven
    distinct apartments in hell.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:6
  text: The passage reports a Jewish belief in an angel guarding each infernal apartment
    and interceding for the imprisoned condemned.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:7
  text: The passage reports Jewish teachings that the wicked suffer diverse punishments,
    including intolerable cold as well as heat, and that their faces become black.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:8
  text: The passage reports a Jewish belief that members of their own religion may
    be punished after death but later delivered when purged, by Abraham or prophetic
    intercession.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:9
  text: The passage reports a Magian belief in one presiding angel over all seven
    hells, named Vannd Yezd, who assigns proportionate punishments and restrains the
    devil’s excessive cruelty.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:10
  text: The passage reports Magian torments including extreme cold, intolerable stink,
    serpents and wild beasts biting or stinging, devils cutting and tearing flesh,
    hunger, and thirst, while excluding fire as a punishment.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:11
  text: The passage introduces a wall or partition imagined between paradise and hell.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: detained believers
  description: Believers detained in punishment and later delivered.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: God
  description: Divine agent whose mercy relieves the detained believers.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Mohammed
  description: Intercessor named in the deliverance of the detained believers.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: the blessed
  description: Additional intercessors named with Mohammed.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: the wicked / damned
  description: Persons punished in the next life in the Jewish and Magian descriptions
    summarized by the passage.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Jewish angel guards
  description: Angels placed as guards over infernal apartments in the Jewish account
    summarized by the passage.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Abraham
  description: Figure by whom, or through whose intercession, punished members of
    the Jewish religion may be delivered.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: prophets
  description: Possible intercessors for the punished in the Jewish account summarized
    by the passage.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Vannd Yezd
  description: Magian angel said to preside over all seven hells, assign punishments,
    and restrain the devil.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: devil
  description: Being whose excessive cruelty toward the damned is restrained in the
    Magian account.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:11
  name_or_label: devils
  description: Tormenting beings that cut and tear the flesh in the Magian list of
    punishments.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:12
  name_or_label: serpents and wild beasts
  description: Creatures that sting and bite in the Magian list of punishments.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: posthumous penitential sufferers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: They are detained in a place of punishment before being delivered.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:2
  label: restored and purified persons
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: They are restored to life or washed clean in the river of life.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:3
  label: merciful divine deliverer
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: Their relief is attributed to the mercy of God.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:4
  label: intercessor
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  basis: The passage names these figures or beings as interceding, or potentially
    interceding, for punished persons.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:3
- id: role:5
  label: condemned punished persons
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: The wicked or damned are described as undergoing punishments in the next
    life.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: role:6
  label: infernal guardian or presiding angel
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  - fig:9
  basis: The passage describes angels guarding infernal apartments or presiding over
    the seven hells.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: role:7
  label: proportional judge of punishments
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: Vannd Yezd assigns punishments proportionate to each person’s crimes.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:8
  label: tormentor
  assigned_to:
  - fig:10
  - fig:11
  - fig:12
  basis: The devil, devils, serpents, and wild beasts are associated with tormenting
    the damned in the Magian account.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: fire immune prayer marks
  literal_form: marks of prostration untouched by fire
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:2
  label: river of life
  literal_form: river in paradise in which the soot-stained are immersed and washed
    white
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:3
  label: seven apartments of hell
  literal_form: seven distinct infernal apartments or seven hells
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  - fig:9
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: sym:4
  label: blackened faces
  literal_form: faces of the punished becoming black
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:5
  label: cold and heat as punishments
  literal_form: intolerable cold and heat among punishments
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: sym:6
  label: serpents as tormentors
  literal_form: stinging and biting of serpents
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  - fig:12
  taxonomy_refs:
  - serpent
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:7
  label: partition between paradise and hell
  literal_form: wall or partition between paradise and hell
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Deliverance and purification from punishment
  summary: Believers detained in punishment are identified by prayer marks untouched
    by fire, relieved through divine mercy and intercession, restored to life if dead,
    and cleansed in the river of life.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: Comparative sevenfold hells
  summary: The passage compares Islamic descriptions of hell with Jewish and Magian
    traditions that also describe seven hellish divisions or apartments.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  - fig:9
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: scene:3
  label: Jewish infernal punishment and intercession
  summary: The passage summarizes Jewish teachings about angelic guards over infernal
    apartments, varied punishments by cold and heat, blackened faces, and eventual
    delivery through Abraham or prophetic intercession for some punished persons.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  - sym:4
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: scene:4
  label: Magian infernal punishment and restraint of the devil
  summary: The passage summarizes Magian teachings about Vannd Yezd presiding over
    seven hells, assigning proportional punishments, restraining the devil, and punishing
    the wicked through cold, stink, serpents, beasts, devils, hunger, and thirst rather
    than fire.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:5
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  - fig:11
  - fig:12
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  - sym:5
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: scene:5
  label: Boundary between paradise and hell introduced
  summary: The passage begins to describe a wall or partition imagined between paradise
    and hell.
  figure_refs: []
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: posthumous purification and release from punishment
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  - resurrection
  basis: The passage describes punished believers later relieved by divine mercy and
    intercession, restored to life, and washed clean in the river of life.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  confidence: high
  cautions: This is drawn from Sale’s commentary in the passage, not from a quoted
    Qur'anic verse in the provided excerpt.
- id: motif:2
  label: intercession for the condemned
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: Mohammed and the blessed intercede for detained believers; the Jewish comparison
    also mentions angelic, Abrahamic, or prophetic intercession for punished persons.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:3
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage presents these as reported traditions and comparisons.
- id: motif:3
  label: sevenfold underworld or hell
  taxonomy_refs:
  - afterlife_journey_map
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The passage states that Jewish and Magian traditions agree in making seven
    distinct apartments or hells, with angelic supervision described in both cases.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  confidence: high
  cautions: The excerpt does not fully describe the structure of each of the seven
    divisions.
- id: motif:4
  label: purifying water in the afterlife
  taxonomy_refs:
  - resurrection
  basis: The river of life in paradise washes soot or filth from those affected by
    hell’s flames and smoke.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  confidence: medium
  cautions: Only one river is named; the passage does not elaborate a broader water-ritual
    system.
- id: motif:5
  label: infernal punishments by elemental and animal torments
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  - serpent
  basis: The passage lists punishments by heat, cold, stink, serpents, beasts, devils,
    hunger, and thirst in the compared traditions.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  confidence: high
  cautions: The Magian description explicitly excludes fire, so fire should not be
    generalized across all traditions summarized here.
- id: motif:6
  label: boundary separating paradise and hell
  taxonomy_refs:
  - afterlife_journey_map
  basis: The passage introduces a wall or partition imagined between paradise and
    hell.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The provided excerpt ends before the boundary is fully described.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: The passage explicitly states that many circumstances about hell and the
    damned in the described Mohammedan account were probably indebted to Jewish and
    partly Magian traditions.
  claim_level: historical_contact
  target: Jewish and Magian traditions concerning hell
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: This is Sale’s comparative assertion within the passage; the excerpt
    does not provide independent historical evidence beyond the cited commentary.
- id: claim:2
  claim: The passage presents Jewish and Magian traditions as sharing the pattern
    of seven hellish divisions with the described account.
  claim_level: same_motif
  target: seven distinct apartments or seven hells
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: high
  limitations: The passage says the traditions agree on seven divisions but also notes
    that they vary in other particulars.
- id: claim:3
  claim: The passage presents Jewish angelic guards and Magian Vannd Yezd as functionally
    similar angelic supervisors of infernal punishment.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: angelic supervision of hell
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: 'The functions are not identical: the Jewish account has one guard
    over each apartment, while the Magian account has one angel presiding over all
    seven hells.'
- id: claim:4
  claim: The passage compares traditions in which punished members of a religious
    community may later be delivered through intercession or purgation.
  claim_level: same_motif
  target: temporary posthumous punishment followed by deliverance
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:3
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The Islamic and Jewish cases are described separately and not with
    identical details or time spans.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: 4693-4708
  quote_or_summary: Believers are detained in punishment for a long time, distinguished
    by prostration marks untouched by fire, relieved by God’s mercy and intercession,
    restored to life if dead, and washed in the river of life in paradise.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: 4709-4714
  quote_or_summary: The passage states that Mohammed was probably indebted to Jews
    and partly to Magians for circumstances concerning hell and the damned, and that
    both traditions make seven distinct apartments in hell.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: 4714-4724
  quote_or_summary: The Jewish account summarized here places an angel over each infernal
    apartment, includes angelic intercession, diverse punishments by cold and heat,
    blackened faces, and eventual delivery for some through Abraham or prophets after
    purgation.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: 4724-4737
  quote_or_summary: The Magian account summarized here names Vannd Yezd as presiding
    over all seven hells, assigning proportional punishments and restraining the devil;
    torments include cold, stink, serpents, beasts, devils, hunger, and thirst, with
    fire excluded.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: 4738-4744
  quote_or_summary: The passage introduces a wall or partition imagined between paradise
    and hell, before the excerpt breaks off.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: medium
  notes: The passage is a translated/commentarial English excerpt and includes explicit
    comparative claims by the translator/commentator. Motif extraction is strongest
    for the afterlife, judgment, intercession, sevenfold hell, and purification elements.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  Only the provided passage and metadata were used. Taxonomy references were limited to supplied motif families and symbols.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l4693-l4744
  passage_sha256=1f30e2cdc6b6eaab5a2da7246d1aa4d25a7e697ffe770cf23d448b7b6adf9aec