Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l4222-l4265

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l4222-l4265

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l4222-l4265
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
  label: SECTION I. / SECTION II. / SECTION III / SECTION IV.; lines 4222-4265
  start: '4222'
  end: '4265'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: 'The passage lists several greater signs said to precede the resurrection:
    treasure exposed by the Euphrates, destruction of the Caaba, speech by beasts
    and inanimate things, fire in Hejz or Yaman, a staff-bearing descendant of Kahtan,
    the coming of the Mohdi, and a wind removing the faithful. It then describes the
    first trumpet blast, which terrifies creatures and produces cosmic upheaval, including
    shaking earth, leveled mountains, melting heavens, darkened sun, falling stars,
    troubled or flaming sea, neglected infants and she-camels, and a gathering of
    animals.'
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: A heap of gold and silver is said to be discovered when the Euphrates retreats,
    and this discovery is said to destroy many.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: The Caaba, described as the temple of Mecca, is said to be demolished by Ethiopians.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:3
  text: Beasts and inanimate things are said to speak.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:4
  text: Fire is said to break out in Hejz, or according to others in Yaman.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:5
  text: A man descended from Kahtan is said to drive men before him with his staff.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:6
  text: The Mohdi, or director, is described as a member of Mohammed's family who
    will govern the Arabians and fill the earth with righteousness before the world's
    end.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: obs:7
  text: The Shiites are described as believing the Mohdi is alive and concealed in
    a secret place until his manifestation.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:8
  text: A wind is said to sweep away the souls of all who have even a grain of faith
    in their hearts.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:9
  text: The first trumpet blast is called the blast of consternation and terrifies
    creatures in heaven and earth except those whom God exempts.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:10
  text: The first trumpet blast is said to shake the earth, level buildings and mountains,
    melt the heavens, darken the sun, make the stars fall, and trouble, dry up, or
    ignite the sea.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:11
  text: Women nursing infants and pregnant she-camels are said to neglect their young
    or expected young because of the terror of that day.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:12
  text: Animals are said to forget their natural fierceness and timidity and run together
    into one place after the trumpet and shock of nature.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: Ethiopians
  description: Collective human agents said to demolish the Caaba.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: beasts
  description: Animals said to speak among the greater signs.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: man of the descendants of Kahtan
  description: A man who shall drive men before him with his staff.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Mohdi, or director
  description: An expected descendant of Mohammed's family who will govern the Arabians
    and fill the earth with righteousness.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Mohammed
  description: The prophet whose prophecy concerning the Mohdi is reported in the
    passage.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Shiites
  description: A group described as believing the Mohdi is alive, concealed, and awaiting
    manifestation.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: God
  description: The one who may exempt some creatures from the terror caused by the
    first trumpet blast.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: creatures in heaven and earth
  description: All creatures in heaven and earth are said to be struck with terror
    at the first blast, except those exempted by God.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: angels
  description: Some imagine angels hold stars suspended between heaven and earth and
    die when the stars fall.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: women who give suck
  description: Nursing women who abandon care of their infants during the terror of
    the day.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:11
  name_or_label: she-camels ten months with young
  description: Pregnant she-camels, described as especially valuable, that are utterly
    neglected.
  role_refs:
  - role:11
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:12
  name_or_label: all kinds of animals
  description: Animals that run together into one place, forgetting fierceness and
    timidity.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: demolishers of sanctuary
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The passage says Ethiopians will demolish the Caaba, the temple of Mecca.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:2
  label: speaking animals
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: The passage lists the speaking of beasts as a greater sign.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:3
  label: staff-bearing driver
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: The descendant of Kahtan is said to drive men before him with his staff.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:4
  label: expected righteous ruler
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: The Mohdi is described as a family member of Mohammed who will govern the
    Arabians and fill the earth with righteousness.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: role:5
  label: prophetic authority
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: The passage reports Mohammed as prophesying the coming of the Mohdi before
    the world's end.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:6
  label: believers in concealed imam
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: The Shiites are said to believe the Mohdi is alive and concealed until manifestation.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: role:7
  label: divine exempter
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: God is said to exempt whom he pleases from the terror of the first blast.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:8
  label: terrified creatures
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  - fig:12
  basis: Creatures in heaven and earth, and animals gathered into one place, are described
    as terrified by the trumpet and shock of nature.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:5
- id: role:9
  label: celestial supporters
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: Some imagine angels hold the stars suspended between heaven and earth before
    their death and the stars' fall.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:10
  label: neglecting mothers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:10
  basis: Nursing women are said to abandon the care of their infants during the terror
    of that day.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:11
  label: neglected valuable animals
  assigned_to:
  - fig:11
  basis: Pregnant she-camels, described as valuable, are said to be utterly neglected.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: retreating Euphrates
  literal_form: The Euphrates river retreating and exposing treasure.
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:2
  label: heap of gold and silver
  literal_form: A vast heap of gold and silver revealed by the Euphrates.
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:3
  label: Caaba
  literal_form: The Caaba, or temple of Mecca, marked for demolition.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:4
  label: apocalyptic fire
  literal_form: A fire breaking out in Hejz or Yaman.
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:5
  label: staff
  literal_form: The staff carried by the descendant of Kahtan to drive men before
    him.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:6
  label: soul-sweeping wind
  literal_form: A wind that sweeps away the souls of those with faith in their hearts.
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:7
  label: trumpet blast
  literal_form: The first blast of the trumpet, called the blast of consternation.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:8
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:8
  label: leveled mountains
  literal_form: Mountains leveled by the first trumpet blast.
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs:
  - mountain
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:9
  label: darkened and falling heavens
  literal_form: Melting heavens, darkened sun, and falling stars.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:9
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:10
  label: troubled or flaming sea
  literal_form: The sea troubled, dried up, or turned into flames.
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:11
  label: speaking inanimate things
  literal_form: Inanimate things that speak among the greater signs.
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Catalogue of greater signs
  summary: The passage enumerates signs before the resurrection, including exposed
    treasure, sanctuary destruction, speech of beasts and things, fire, a staff-bearing
    descendant of Kahtan, the Mohdi, and a soul-sweeping wind.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  - sym:3
  - sym:4
  - sym:5
  - sym:6
  - sym:11
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:3
- id: scene:2
  label: Concealed Mohdi and expected manifestation
  summary: The Mohdi is described through Shiite belief as alive, hidden in a secret
    place, and awaiting manifestation; the passage also notes a Christian opinion
    about Muslims expecting Mohammed's return.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: scene:3
  label: First trumpet and cosmic convulsion
  summary: The first trumpet blast terrifies creatures, while God exempts some; earth,
    mountains, heavens, sun, stars, angels, and sea undergo violent changes.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:7
  - sym:8
  - sym:9
  - sym:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: scene:4
  label: Neglect and animal gathering under apocalyptic terror
  summary: The terror of the day causes nursing women and owners of valuable pregnant
    she-camels to neglect offspring, and animals gather together despite their normal
    fierceness or timidity.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:10
  - fig:11
  - fig:12
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: greater signs preceding resurrection
  taxonomy_refs:
  - resurrection
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The passage explicitly frames the listed events as greater signs preceding
    the resurrection and says the hour remains uncertain until the trumpet blast.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:3
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage is a translator's explanatory summary, not a direct continuous
    quotation from the Qur'an.
- id: motif:2
  label: concealed righteous ruler awaiting manifestation
  taxonomy_refs:
  - return
  - royal_legitimacy
  basis: The Mohdi is described as a descendant of Mohammed who will govern the Arabians,
    fill the earth with righteousness, and is believed by Shiites to be concealed
    until manifestation.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage reports sectarian belief and translator commentary; it does
    not narrate the manifestation itself.
- id: motif:3
  label: cosmic dissolution at the trumpet blast
  taxonomy_refs:
  - chaos
  - world_destroying_fire
  - resurrection
  basis: 'The first blast causes terror and cosmic collapse: earth shaking, mountains
    leveled, heavens melting, darkened sun, falling stars, and a sea dried or turned
    to flames.'
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  confidence: high
  cautions: Some details are attributed to variant explanations introduced by the
    narrator.
- id: motif:4
  label: river exposes destructive treasure
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The retreating Euphrates reveals a heap of gold and silver that becomes the
    destruction of many.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage gives only a brief sign-list item without narrative development.
- id: motif:5
  label: animals and things speak as end-time sign
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The passage lists speech by beasts and inanimate things among the greater
    signs before resurrection.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage gives no further explanation of who hears them or what is
    spoken.
- id: motif:6
  label: animals gather under apocalyptic terror
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Animals are said to forget natural fierceness and timidity and run into one
    place after the trumpet and shock of nature.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage notes that some doubt whether this gathering precedes the
    resurrection.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: The passage states that a Christian opinion that Muslims expect Mohammed's
    return may have arisen from the tradition of the concealed Mohdi's future manifestation.
  claim_level: historical_contact
  target: Christian opinion about Muslim expectation of Mohammed's return
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: low
  limitations: This is presented as the narrator's presumption about the origin of
    an opinion, not as direct evidence of historical transmission or shared ritual
    practice.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 4222-4238
  quote_or_summary: Signs listed include the Euphrates revealing gold and silver,
    demolition of the Caaba by Ethiopians, speaking beasts and inanimate things, fire
    in Hejz or Yaman, a descendant of Kahtan driving men with a staff, and the coming
    of the Mohdi.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized for extraction.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 4238-4244
  quote_or_summary: The Mohdi is identified with a Shiite belief in a hidden imam,
    alive and concealed until manifestation; the narrator links this to a Christian
    opinion that Muslims expect Mohammed's return.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized for extraction.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 4245-4250
  quote_or_summary: A wind removes the souls of those with faith, and the first trumpet
    blast, called the blast of consternation, terrifies all creatures in heaven and
    earth except those God exempts.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized for extraction.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 4250-4257
  quote_or_summary: The first trumpet blast shakes the earth, levels buildings and
    mountains, melts the heavens, darkens the sun, makes stars fall, kills angels
    in some accounts, and troubles, dries, or inflames the sea.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized for extraction.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 4257-4265
  quote_or_summary: The terror of the day causes nursing women and pregnant she-camels
    to be neglected; animals may gather in one place, forgetting natural fierceness
    and timidity, because of the trumpet and shock of nature.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized for extraction.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: low
  notes: The passage is explicit about many signs and symbols. Motif classification
    is partly interpretive because the passage is a later English explanatory translation/commentary
    rather than a single narrative episode. The comparison claim is retained only
    because the passage itself states it, but it is a narrator's conjecture.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  Used only the supplied passage and metadata. Taxonomy references are limited to the provided motif families and symbols.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l4222-l4265
  passage_sha256=dd059342bb42d8c0a9ec11c0e641d13b272010beb8c0a0a2d7396bc31e5b6853