Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l4065-l4117

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l4065-l4117

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l4065-l4117
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
  label: SECTION I. / SECTION II. / SECTION III / SECTION IV.; lines 4065-4117
  start: '4065'
  end: '4117'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: The passage summarizes several reported Muslim opinions about the location
    and condition of souls after death, including souls near graves, with Adam, in
    wells, in a trumpet, or as white birds under God's throne. It then describes the
    fate of wicked souls as rejected by heaven and earth and confined below. It also
    discusses views on resurrection and presents the received opinion that body and
    soul will be raised, with the os coccygis preserved as a seed from which bodies
    will regrow after a divinely sent rain. A comparison is made to Jewish traditions
    about the bone Luz and revivifying dew.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: The dead are described as hearing salutations at their graves, although they
    cannot answer.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: One reported opinion places souls with Adam in the lowest heaven, with souls
    destined for paradise on Adam's right and condemned souls on his left.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: One reported opinion places believers' souls in the well Zemzem and infidels'
    souls in a well in Hadramaut called Borht.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:4
  text: Other reported opinions place souls near graves for seven days, in the trumpet
    that will raise the dead, or as white birds under the throne of God.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:5
  text: Wicked souls are described as offered by angels to heaven and earth, refused
    by both, carried down to the seventh earth, and thrown into Sajn for torment until
    reunion with their bodies.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:6
  text: The received opinion described in the passage is that both body and soul will
    be raised.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:7
  text: The bone al Ajb, identified as the os coccygis, is said to remain uncorrupted
    until the last day as a seed from which the body will be renewed.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:8
  text: A forty days' rain sent by God is said to cover the earth to the height of
    twelve cubits and cause bodies to sprout like plants.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:9
  text: The passage states that Jewish tradition says similar things of the bone Luz,
    except that renewal is effected by dew impregnating the dust of the earth.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: the dead
  description: Dead persons who hear salutations at their graves but cannot answer.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Adam
  description: Located in the lowest heaven in one reported opinion, with souls destined
    for paradise on his right and those condemned to hell on his left.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: souls destined to paradise
  description: Souls seen on the right hand of Adam in a reported account of the night
    journey.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: souls condemned to hell
  description: Souls seen on the left hand of Adam in a reported account of the night
    journey.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: souls of believers
  description: In one reported opinion, they remain in the well Zemzem; in another,
    the good dwell in forms of white birds under the throne of God.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: souls of infidels
  description: In one reported opinion, they remain in a well in Hadramaut called
    Borht.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: souls of the wicked
  description: Souls rejected by heaven and earth, carried to the seventh earth, and
    thrown into Sajn for torment.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: angels
  description: They offer wicked souls to heaven and then to earth.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: God
  description: God is said to send the forty days' rain that renews bodies.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: Mohammed
  description: Presented as teaching that the os coccygis remains uncorrupted and
    as reporting the night-journey vision.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:6
- id: fig:11
  name_or_label: Jews
  description: Presented as holding a similar tradition about the bone Luz and revivifying
    dew.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: dead hearers at graves
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: They hear salutations though they cannot answer.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:2
  label: heavenly separator figure
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: Souls destined for paradise are on Adam's right and condemned souls on his
    left.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: role:3
  label: blessed souls
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  - fig:5
  basis: They are destined for paradise or described among the good.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: role:4
  label: condemned or unbelieving souls
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  basis: They are condemned to hell, identified as infidels, or described as wicked.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: role:5
  label: tormented souls awaiting bodily reunion
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: They are thrown into Sajn to be tormented until called up to be joined again
    to their bodies.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:6
  label: soul-transporting agents
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: They offer wicked souls to heaven and earth.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:7
  label: sender of revivifying rain
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: God sends the forty days' rain that causes bodies to sprout forth.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: role:8
  label: reported doctrinal teacher
  assigned_to:
  - fig:10
  basis: He is said to have reported the night-journey vision and taught the preservation
    of al Ajb.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:6
- id: role:9
  label: comparative tradition bearers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:11
  basis: They are said to hold similar ideas about the bone Luz and revivifying dew.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: graves
  literal_form: graves or tombs of relations
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:2
  label: lowest heaven
  literal_form: lowest heaven where Adam is located in one opinion
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  - fig:10
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:3
  label: right and left hands of Adam
  literal_form: right side for souls destined to paradise and left side for those
    condemned to hell
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:4
  label: wells of souls
  literal_form: well Zemzem and the well Borht in Hadramaut
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:5
  label: resurrection trumpet
  literal_form: trumpet whose sound is to raise the dead
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:6
  label: white birds under God's throne
  literal_form: forms of white birds under the throne of God
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  - fig:9
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:7
  label: Sajn dungeon
  literal_form: dungeon called Sajn under a green rock or under the devil's jaw
  associated_figures:
  - fig:7
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:8
  label: al Ajb seed-bone
  literal_form: os coccygis or rump-bone remaining uncorrupted as a seed
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:9
  label: forty days' rain
  literal_form: rain sent by God for forty days, covering the earth to twelve cubits
  associated_figures:
  - fig:9
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:10
  label: sprouting bodies
  literal_form: bodies sprouting forth like plants
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:11
  label: bone Luz and dew
  literal_form: Jewish bone Luz renewed by dew impregnating earth's dust
  associated_figures:
  - fig:11
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Dead hearing salutations at graves
  summary: The passage describes a belief that the dead can hear salutations at their
    graves but cannot answer, linked to visiting tombs of relations.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: Souls arranged beside Adam in the lowest heaven
  summary: In one reported opinion, Muhammad sees souls destined for paradise on Adam's
    right and souls condemned to hell on Adam's left during the return from the night
    journey.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  - fig:10
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: scene:3
  label: Alternative locations of souls
  summary: Several opinions place souls in wells, near graves for seven days, in the
    resurrection trumpet, or as white birds under God's throne.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  - fig:9
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:4
  - sym:5
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: scene:4
  label: Wicked souls rejected and confined
  summary: Wicked souls are offered to heaven and earth by angels, refused, carried
    down to the seventh earth, and thrown into Sajn for torment until bodily reunion.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: scene:5
  label: Resurrection of body and soul
  summary: The passage contrasts spiritual-only and corporeal-only views with the
    received opinion that both body and soul will be raised.
  figure_refs: []
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: scene:6
  label: Body renewed from preserved bone by rain
  summary: The os coccygis is said to remain uncorrupted as a seed, and a forty days'
    rain from God causes bodies to sprout forth like plants.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:8
  - sym:9
  - sym:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: scene:7
  label: Comparison with Jewish bone Luz tradition
  summary: The passage compares the preserved-bone teaching to Jewish traditions about
    the bone Luz and dew renewing the dust of the earth.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:11
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:11
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: mapped locations of souls after death
  taxonomy_refs:
  - afterlife_journey_map
  basis: The passage lists multiple possible locations for souls after death, including
    graves, heaven with Adam, wells, a trumpet, under God's throne, and Sajn.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage reports multiple opinions rather than a single unified narrative
    map.
- id: motif:2
  label: postmortem sorting of blessed and condemned souls
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: Souls destined for paradise and hell are separated at Adam's right and left,
    and wicked souls are rejected and confined for torment.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage describes doctrinal reports and opinions; the explicit judgment
    scene is abbreviated.
- id: motif:3
  label: resurrection of body and soul
  taxonomy_refs:
  - resurrection
  basis: The received opinion described is that both body and soul will be raised,
    with bodily renewal from an incorruptible bone.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage is theological exposition rather than mythic narrative.
- id: motif:4
  label: body regenerated from seed-like remnant by heavenly water
  taxonomy_refs:
  - death_rebirth
  - resurrection
  basis: The os coccygis remains as a seed and bodies sprout like plants after a forty
    days' rain sent by God.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The plant-like sprouting is a simile in a resurrection doctrine, not a
    separate vegetation myth.
- id: motif:5
  label: ascent or night-journey vision of afterlife souls
  taxonomy_refs:
  - ascent
  - afterlife_journey_map
  basis: The passage refers to Muhammad's return from the upper heavens in his night
    journey and his seeing souls beside Adam in the lowest heaven.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  confidence: medium
  cautions: Only a brief reference to the journey is present in this excerpt.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: The passage itself compares the preserved os coccygis teaching with Jewish
    traditions about the bone Luz, both functioning as an enduring bodily remnant
    for resurrection.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: Jewish bone Luz tradition
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: high
  limitations: The passage gives a polemical or interpretive assertion of similarity
    but does not provide the Jewish source text directly.
- id: claim:2
  claim: The passage states that Muhammad was 'beholden to the Jews' for the preserved-bone
    resurrection idea, suggesting a claimed line of borrowing within the commentary.
  claim_level: historical_contact
  target: Jewish traditions about bone Luz and revivifying dew
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: This is the translator/commentator's claim in the provided passage;
    independent historical evidence is not supplied here.
- id: claim:3
  claim: A footnote says Jewish notions of the souls of the just being under the throne
    of glory are consonant with the reported opinion that good souls dwell as white
    birds under God's throne.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: Jewish notions of souls of the just under the throne of glory
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The comparison appears in a note and is only summarized briefly in
    the passage.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 4065-4069
  quote_or_summary: The dead are said to hear salutations at their graves as well
    as the living, though they cannot answer, and this is linked to visiting tombs
    of relations.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 4069-4074
  quote_or_summary: One opinion places souls with Adam in the lowest heaven; Muhammad
    is said to have seen souls destined to paradise on Adam's right and those condemned
    to hell on his left during the night journey.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 4074-4081
  quote_or_summary: Other opinions place believers' souls in Zemzem, infidels' souls
    in Borht, souls near graves for seven days, all souls in the resurrection trumpet,
    or good souls as white birds under God's throne.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 4081-4089
  quote_or_summary: Wicked souls are offered by angels to heaven and earth, rejected,
    carried to the seventh earth, and thrown into Sajn under a green rock or the devil's
    jaw until they are joined again to their bodies.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 4090-4097
  quote_or_summary: The passage contrasts spiritual resurrection, corporeal resurrection,
    and the received opinion that both body and soul will be raised.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 4097-4108
  quote_or_summary: Muhammad is said to have taught that the body is consumed except
    al Ajb, the os coccygis, which remains as a seed until a forty days' rain from
    God covers the earth and causes bodies to sprout like plants.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 4108-4113
  quote_or_summary: The passage compares this teaching to Jewish traditions about
    the bone Luz, saying Jewish renewal is effected by dew impregnating the dust of
    the earth rather than by a great rain.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: medium
  notes: Extraction is based only on the supplied passage. The passage is an English
    commentary/translation context and reports multiple opinions, so motif assignments
    should be reviewed for doctrinal and source-critical nuance.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  No external sources or taxonomy IDs beyond those supplied were used.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l4065-l4117
  passage_sha256=eaa8b06c5ad4100bb6ff54047834369216f2df5293640037a0d69601900c184f