Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l39988-l40053

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l39988-l40053

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l39988-l40053
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
  label: IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD. / FINIS / AN INDEX / OF THE; lines
    39988-40053
  start: '39988'
  end: '40053'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: An index segment lists persons, places, objects, scriptural claims, ritual
    directions, punishments, miracles, and stories referenced elsewhere in Sale's
    translation and notes, including the descent of the Koran, the Kebla, Abraham's
    proclamation from a mountain near Mecca, Al Khedr's adventures with Moses, Solomon's
    lapwing, Lazarus raised, Lot and his wife, and the heavenly lote-tree.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: The entry for Al Kadr identifies it as the night on which the Koran came down
    from heaven.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: Kail is described as sent to Mecca to obtain rain for Ad.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: The Kebla is described as the direction toward which Mohammedans turn in prayer,
    and as changed from Jerusalem to Mecca.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:4
  text: Al Khedr is identified as a prophet whose adventures with Moses are referenced.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:5
  text: Abu Kobeis is identified as a mountain near Mecca from which Abraham proclaimed
    the pilgrimage.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:6
  text: The Koran is described as sent down by God, impossible for men and genii to
    imitate, containing necessary things, and partly literal and partly figurative.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:7
  text: The Koreish are described as enemies of Mohammed who demanded miracles, persecuted
    his followers, and in one incident attempted to kill him but were struck blind.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:8
  text: A lapwing gives Solomon an account of Saba, carries a letter to the queen,
    and is associated with sagacity in finding water.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:9
  text: Law is described as given to Moses, confirmed by Jesus, and associated with
    the Koran.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:10
  text: Lazarus is described as raised.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: obs:11
  text: Lokman is referenced with a history and a question of whether he is the same
    as Esop.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: obs:12
  text: Lot's story is referenced, along with his wife's infidelity.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
- id: obs:13
  text: A lote-tree is located in heaven.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
- id: obs:14
  text: Lots are described as forbidden.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:14
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: God
  description: Named as the one who sent down the Koran.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Mohammed
  description: Referenced in relation to enemies, followers, demanded miracles, and
    the Koran's community context.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Moses
  description: Referenced in connection with Al Khedr's adventures and the giving
    of law.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:9
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Al Khedr
  description: Identified as a prophet with adventures involving Moses.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Abraham
  description: Said to have proclaimed the pilgrimage from Abu Kobeis, a mountain
    near Mecca.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Solomon
  description: Receives an account of Saba from the lapwing and sends a letter through
    it to the queen.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Lapwing
  description: A bird that gives Solomon an account of Saba, carries a letter, and
    is noted for finding water.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Queen of Saba
  description: The queen to whom the lapwing carries Solomon's letter.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Lazarus
  description: A figure described as raised.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: Lokman
  description: A figure with a history and a question of possible identity with Esop.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: fig:11
  name_or_label: Esop
  description: Named as a possible comparison or identification for Lokman.
  role_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: fig:12
  name_or_label: Lot
  description: His story is referenced.
  role_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
- id: fig:13
  name_or_label: Lot's wife
  description: Described in the index entry through her infidelity.
  role_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
- id: fig:14
  name_or_label: Koreish
  description: A tribe described as enemies of Mohammed who demanded miracles and
    persecuted his followers.
  role_refs:
  - role:11
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: divine sender of revelation
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The Koran is described as sent down by God himself.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: role:2
  label: prophet opposed by enemies
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: The Koreish are described as enemies of Mohammed who demanded miracles and
    persecuted his followers.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: role:3
  label: recipient of law
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: The law is described as given to Moses.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: role:4
  label: prophetic adventure companion
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: Al Khedr is called a prophet and linked to adventures with Moses.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:5
  label: pilgrimage proclaimer
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: Abraham proclaimed the pilgrimage from Abu Kobeis.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:6
  label: royal sender of a letter
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: The lapwing carries a letter from Solomon to the queen.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: role:7
  label: animal messenger and water-finder
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: The lapwing gives an account of Saba, carries a letter, and is noted for
    finding water.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: role:8
  label: royal recipient
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: The queen receives Solomon's letter by means of the lapwing.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: role:9
  label: raised figure
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: The index entry states that Lazarus was raised.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: role:10
  label: wisdom figure under comparison
  assigned_to:
  - fig:10
  basis: Lokman's history is referenced with the question whether he is the same as
    Esop.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: role:11
  label: opposing tribe
  assigned_to:
  - fig:14
  basis: The Koreish are described as enemies of Mohammed and persecutors of his followers.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: night of descent
  literal_form: Al Kadr, the night on which the Koran came down from heaven
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:2
  label: rain sought for Ad
  literal_form: rain
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:3
  label: prayer direction
  literal_form: Kebla, the direction faced in prayer
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:4
  label: mountain of proclamation
  literal_form: Abu Kobeis, a mountain near Mecca
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs:
  - mountain
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:5
  label: revealed book
  literal_form: Koran
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:6
  label: water found by lapwing
  literal_form: water
  associated_figures:
  - fig:7
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: sym:7
  label: law in prophetic sequence
  literal_form: law given to Moses, confirmed by Jesus, and associated with the Koran
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: sym:8
  label: heavenly lote-tree
  literal_form: lote-tree in heaven
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs:
  - tree
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
- id: sym:9
  label: forbidden lots
  literal_form: lots
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:14
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Descent of the Koran on Al Kadr
  summary: The night Al Kadr is identified as the time when the Koran came down from
    heaven.
  figure_refs: []
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: Change of prayer orientation
  summary: The Kebla is described as the prayer direction and as changed from Jerusalem
    to Mecca.
  figure_refs: []
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: scene:3
  label: Abraham proclaims pilgrimage from Abu Kobeis
  summary: Abraham proclaims the pilgrimage from a mountain near Mecca.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: scene:4
  label: Koran as divine and inimitable revelation
  summary: The Koran is characterized as sent down by God, inimitable by men and genii,
    necessary in contents, and partly literal and figurative.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: scene:5
  label: Koreish opposition to Mohammed
  summary: The Koreish are described as hostile to Mohammed, demanding miracles, persecuting
    his followers, and in one episode being struck blind when attempting to kill him.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  - fig:14
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: scene:6
  label: Solomon's lapwing and Saba
  summary: The lapwing reports on Saba to Solomon, carries a letter to the queen,
    and is associated with finding water.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: scene:7
  label: Prophetic transmission of law
  summary: Law is said to be given to Moses, confirmed by Jesus, and connected with
    the Koran.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: scene:8
  label: Lazarus raised
  summary: The index refers to Lazarus being raised.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:9
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: scene:9
  label: Heavenly lote-tree
  summary: A lote-tree is identified as being in heaven.
  figure_refs: []
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: heavenly descent of revelation
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: The Koran is said to have come down from heaven on Al Kadr and to have been
    sent down by God himself.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:6
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The taxonomy reference to wisdom is broad; the passage is an index entry
    and does not narrate the descent.
- id: motif:2
  label: sacred orientation toward a ritual center
  taxonomy_refs:
  - world_center
  basis: The Kebla is defined as the direction faced in prayer and is noted as changed
    from Jerusalem to Mecca.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage provides ritual direction but does not explicitly use world-center
    language.
- id: motif:3
  label: pilgrimage proclaimed from a sacred mountain
  taxonomy_refs:
  - cosmic_mountain
  basis: Abu Kobeis, a mountain near Mecca, is the place from which Abraham proclaimed
    the pilgrimage.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  confidence: low
  cautions: The mountain is explicit, but the passage does not describe cosmic-mountain
    functions.
- id: motif:4
  label: divine judgment and punishment
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The index references a fearful end for Krn/Corah, punishment for Abu Laheb
    and his wife, and the sentence of those who do not believe in the Koran.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:15
  - ev:16
  - ev:6
  confidence: medium
  cautions: These are index references to events and doctrines rather than full accounts
    in this passage.
- id: motif:5
  label: animal messenger with special knowledge
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: The lapwing gives Solomon an account of Saba, carries a letter to the queen,
    and is noted for sagacity in finding water.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage is very compressed and does not present the full narrative
    context.
- id: motif:6
  label: raising of the dead
  taxonomy_refs:
  - resurrection
  basis: The entry states that Lazarus was raised.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  confidence: high
  cautions: Only the index reference is present, without the full miracle narrative.
- id: motif:7
  label: heavenly sacred tree
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacred_tree_axis
  basis: The entry identifies a lote-tree in heaven.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
  confidence: low
  cautions: A heavenly tree is explicit, but no axis or world-structuring function
    is described in this index line.
- id: motif:8
  label: forbidden divination by lots
  taxonomy_refs:
  - forbidden_knowledge
  basis: The index states that lots are forbidden.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:14
  confidence: low
  cautions: The passage does not explain why lots are forbidden or connect them explicitly
    to divination or knowledge.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: The index explicitly raises a question of whether Lokman is the same as Esop.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: Esop
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: uncertain
  limitations: The passage only reports that the question is addressed elsewhere;
    it gives no argument for identity, dependence, or shared motifs.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: quote
  locator: '39988'
  quote_or_summary: '"AL KADR, the name of the night on which the Korn came down from
    heaven"'
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text.
- id: ev:2
  type: quote
  locator: '39989'
  quote_or_summary: '"Kail sent to Mecca to obtain rain for Ad"'
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: 39991-39992
  quote_or_summary: Kebla is the direction faced in prayer and is noted as changed
    from Jerusalem to Mecca.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text.
- id: ev:4
  type: quote
  locator: '39999'
  quote_or_summary: '"Al Khedr, the prophet, his adventures with Moses"'
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: 40004-40005
  quote_or_summary: Abu Kobeis is described as a mountain near Mecca from which Abraham
    proclaimed the pilgrimage.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: 40005-40016
  quote_or_summary: The Koran is described as inimitable, sent down by God, excellent,
    consonant with scripture, containing necessary things, partly literal and figurative,
    and not liable to corruption.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: 40021-40029
  quote_or_summary: The Koreish are described as noble, hostile to Mohammed, demanding
    miracles, threatening him, attempting to kill him and being struck blind, suffering
    losses, persecuting his followers, and later making and violating a truce.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: 40033-40035
  quote_or_summary: The lapwing gives Solomon an account of Saba, carries a letter
    from him to the queen, and is noted for sagacity in finding water.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: 40038-40039
  quote_or_summary: Law is said to be given to Moses, confirmed by Jesus, and connected
    with the Koran; another entry says laws of Moses and Jesus are set aside by the
    Koran.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text.
- id: ev:10
  type: quote
  locator: '40043'
  quote_or_summary: '"Lazarus raised"'
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text.
- id: ev:11
  type: summary
  locator: '40048'
  quote_or_summary: Lokman is listed with his history and the question of whether
    he is the same with Esop.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text.
- id: ev:12
  type: summary
  locator: '40049'
  quote_or_summary: Lot's story is referenced, as is his wife's infidelity.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text.
- id: ev:13
  type: quote
  locator: '40050'
  quote_or_summary: '"Lote-tree in heaven"'
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text.
- id: ev:14
  type: quote
  locator: '40053'
  quote_or_summary: '"Lots forbidden"'
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text.
- id: ev:15
  type: summary
  locator: '39990'
  quote_or_summary: Krn or Corah is listed with his story and fearful end.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text.
- id: ev:16
  type: summary
  locator: 40031-40032
  quote_or_summary: Abu Laheb is listed as Mohammed's uncle and bitter enemy, with
    punishment for him and his wife.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text.
confidence:
  extraction: medium
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: low
  notes: The passage is an index rather than a continuous narrative. Literal extraction
    is reliable for listed entries, but motif assignments are tentative where the
    index supplies only a phrase or cross-reference.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  Used only the supplied line range and metadata. No external Qur'anic or Islamic narrative context was added.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l39988-l40053
  passage_sha256=283cc0f7ef9f98f65632ade3f8bf9924b23dbc8291d9d717c94f8cd8731a3b73