batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l3905-l3954
---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l3905-l3954
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
label: SECTION I. / SECTION II. / SECTION III / SECTION IV.; lines 3905-3954
start: '3905'
end: '3954'
translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: The passage discusses claims attributed to Mohammedan writers about corruptions
in Jewish and Christian scriptures, mentions Arabic and Persian Psalms of David,
an Arabic Gospel attributed to St. Barnabas, the insertion of the term Periclyte
to support a claim that Mohammed or Ahmed was foretold by Jesus, and the assertion
that God preserves the Koran from addition or diminution while other scriptures
were left to human care.
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: The passage states that Mohammedan writers are said to produce accounts of
corruptions in the Pentateuch and other books, following prejudices and spurious
legends.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: The passage reports uncertainty about whether Muslims possess a Pentateuch
copy different from that of the Jews.
category: object
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:3
text: The passage says Muslims privately read a book called the Psalms of David
in Arabic and Persian, with added prayers attributed to Moses, Jonas, and others.
category: object
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:4
text: The passage contrasts Reland's view that the Psalms book is a translation
from existing copies with D'Herbelot's view that it differs from the usual Psalter
and contains other pieces.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:5
text: The passage says Muslims have an Arabic Gospel attributed to St. Barnabas,
in which the history of Jesus Christ differs from the true Gospels and corresponds
to traditions followed in the Koran.
category: object
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:6
text: The passage mentions Spanish and Italian translations of the Gospel attributed
to Barnabas.
category: object
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:7
text: The passage claims the Gospel attributed to Barnabas was altered by Muslims,
especially by inserting Periclyte in place of Paraclete or Comforter.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:8
text: The passage says Muslims use Periclyte, meaning famous or illustrious, to
claim that Mohammed was foretold by name, and connects this with Ahmed in the
Koran.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:9
text: The passage says Muslims quote passages not found in the New Testament from
these or similar forgeries.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: obs:10
text: The passage says that, in response to claims that the Koran could also be
corrupted, Muslims answer that God promised to preserve it from addition or diminution,
while leaving the other scriptures to human care.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: obs:11
text: The passage states that Muslims acknowledge some variant readings in the Koran.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- id: obs:12
text: The passage says Muslims also take notice of writings of Daniel and several
other prophets.
category: object
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: Mohammedan writers
description: Writers said to produce claims about corruptions in earlier books and
to follow their own prejudices and spurious legends.
role_refs:
- role:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: Mohammedans / Muslims
description: The group described as possessing or reading various scriptures and
as making claims about scriptural corruption and divine preservation of the Koran.
role_refs:
- role:2
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:5
- ev:10
- ev:11
- ev:12
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: Jews
description: Named as possessors of a Pentateuch copy against which another possible
copy is compared.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: Moses
description: Named in relation to the books of Moses and prayers added to the Psalms
of David.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: David
description: Named as the attributed source of a book called the Psalms of David.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: Jonas
description: Named as one of those whose prayers are added to the Psalms of David.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: Mr. Reland
description: Scholar cited as supposing the Psalms book is a translation from existing
copies.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: M. D'Herbelot
description: Scholar cited as saying the Psalms book does not contain the same Psalms
as the usual Psalter.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: fig:9
name_or_label: St. Barnabas
description: Named as the attributed author of an Arabic Gospel.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: fig:10
name_or_label: Jesus Christ
description: Figure whose history is said to be related differently in the Gospel
attributed to Barnabas and who is said in the Koran to have foretold Mohammed's
coming under the name Ahmed.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:8
- id: fig:11
name_or_label: Mohammed
description: Named as the prophet whom Muslims claim was foretold by the term Periclyte
and by the name Ahmed.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: fig:12
name_or_label: God
description: Said to have promised to preserve the Koran from addition or diminution.
role_refs:
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: fig:13
name_or_label: Daniel
description: Named among prophetic writings noticed by Muslims.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
roles:
- id: role:1
label: claimant of scriptural corruption
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: The writers are described as producing accounts of corruptions in earlier
books.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:2
label: readers and possessors of religious books
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: The group is described as privately reading Psalms, having a Gospel attributed
to Barnabas, and noticing prophetic writings.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:5
- ev:12
- id: role:3
label: defenders of Koranic preservation
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: They answer that God promised to preserve the Koran from addition or diminution.
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: role:4
label: possessors of a Pentateuch copy
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: The passage compares a possible Muslim copy of the Pentateuch with that of
the Jews.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: role:5
label: attributed prophetic or scriptural figure
assigned_to:
- fig:4
- fig:5
- fig:6
- fig:9
- fig:13
basis: These figures are named in connection with books, psalms, prayers, gospels,
or prophetic writings.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:5
- ev:12
- id: role:6
label: scholarly authority cited
assigned_to:
- fig:7
- fig:8
basis: Reland and D'Herbelot are cited for differing views of the Psalms book.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: role:7
label: foretelling speaker in attributed claim
assigned_to:
- fig:10
basis: The passage says Jesus Christ is asserted in the Koran to have foretold Mohammed's
coming under the name Ahmed.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: role:8
label: foretold prophet in attributed claim
assigned_to:
- fig:11
basis: The passage says Muslims claim Mohammed was foretold by the word Periclyte
and by the name Ahmed.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: role:9
label: divine preserver of scripture
assigned_to:
- fig:12
basis: God is said to have promised to preserve the Koran from addition or diminution.
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: Pentateuch
literal_form: book / scripture
associated_figures:
- fig:3
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:10
- id: sym:2
label: Psalms of David
literal_form: book in Arabic and Persian with added prayers
associated_figures:
- fig:2
- fig:4
- fig:5
- fig:6
- fig:7
- fig:8
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: sym:3
label: Gospel attributed to St. Barnabas
literal_form: Arabic Gospel, also mentioned in Spanish and Italian translation
associated_figures:
- fig:2
- fig:9
- fig:10
- fig:11
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
- ev:7
- ev:8
- id: sym:4
label: Paraclete / Comforter
literal_form: word or title in Gospel passages
associated_figures:
- fig:10
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: sym:5
label: Periclyte
literal_form: inserted word meaning famous or illustrious
associated_figures:
- fig:10
- fig:11
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:8
- id: sym:6
label: Koran
literal_form: scripture said to be preserved by God from addition or diminution
associated_figures:
- fig:2
- fig:10
- fig:11
- fig:12
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:10
- ev:11
- id: sym:7
label: New Testament
literal_form: scriptural corpus in which the quoted passages are said to leave no
footprints
associated_figures: []
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Discussion of alleged corruption in earlier scriptures
summary: The passage describes claims by Mohammedan writers about corruptions in
the Pentateuch and other books and expresses uncertainty about the existence of
a different Muslim Pentateuch copy.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:4
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: scene:2
label: Description of Psalms and related scholarly disagreement
summary: The passage says Muslims privately read a Psalms of David in Arabic and
Persian with added prayers, while Reland and D'Herbelot offer different assessments
of its relationship to the usual Psalter.
figure_refs:
- fig:2
- fig:4
- fig:5
- fig:6
- fig:7
- fig:8
symbol_refs:
- sym:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: scene:3
label: Gospel of Barnabas and prophetic naming claim
summary: The passage describes an Arabic Gospel attributed to St. Barnabas, its
translations, and the claim that Periclyte was inserted to support a prediction
of Mohammed or Ahmed by Jesus.
figure_refs:
- fig:2
- fig:9
- fig:10
- fig:11
symbol_refs:
- sym:3
- sym:4
- sym:5
- sym:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
- ev:7
- ev:8
- id: scene:4
label: Claim of divine preservation of the Koran
summary: The passage reports the answer that God preserves the Koran from addition
or diminution, unlike earlier scriptures left to human care, while also noting
acknowledged variant readings.
figure_refs:
- fig:2
- fig:12
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- ev:11
- id: scene:5
label: Notice of prophetic writings
summary: The passage says Muslims also take notice of writings of Daniel and other
prophets.
figure_refs:
- fig:2
- fig:13
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: Corrupted earlier scripture contrasted with protected later scripture
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The passage reports claims that the Pentateuch and Gospel suffered corruption,
while the Koran is said to be divinely preserved from addition or diminution.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:10
confidence: medium
cautions: This is presented in a polemical source-critical discussion, not as a
narrative mythic episode.
- id: motif:2
label: Prophet foretold in earlier revelation by a name or title
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The passage says Muslims claim Jesus foretold Mohammed's coming under the
name Ahmed and that the word Periclyte was used to support this claim.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:8
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage reports and disputes the claim rather than presenting it as
an uncontested tradition.
- id: motif:3
label: Hidden or alternative sacred books used as authority
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The passage mentions privately read Psalms, an Arabic Gospel attributed to
Barnabas, and quotations from texts not found in the New Testament.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:5
- ev:9
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage frames these texts as altered, apocryphal, or forged; motif
status requires review.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: 3905-3910
quote_or_summary: Mohammedan writers are said to produce accounts of corruptions
in the Pentateuch and other books, following prejudices and spurious legends.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: 3910-3915
quote_or_summary: The author is uncertain whether Muslims have a copy of the Pentateuch
different from that of the Jews; a traveller had heard of corrupted books of Moses,
but the author knows no one who has seen them.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: 3915-3920
quote_or_summary: Muslims are said to privately read a book called the Psalms of
David in Arabic and Persian, with prayers of Moses, Jonas, and others added.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: 3920-3928
quote_or_summary: Reland is said to regard the Psalms book as a translation from
existing copies, while D'Herbelot says it is unlike the usual Psalter and mixes
extracts with different pieces.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: 3928-3934
quote_or_summary: Muslims are said to have an Arabic Gospel attributed to St. Barnabas,
presenting Jesus Christ differently from the true Gospels and in correspondence
with traditions followed in the Koran.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: 3934-3940
quote_or_summary: The passage mentions a Spanish translation among Moriscoes in
Africa and an Italian manuscript translation in Prince Eugene of Savoy's library.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:7
type: summary
locator: 3940-3945
quote_or_summary: The passage says the Gospel attributed to Barnabas was interpolated
and altered, particularly by inserting Periclyte instead of Paraclete or Comforter.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:8
type: summary
locator: 3945-3950
quote_or_summary: The passage says Muslims use Periclyte, meaning famous or illustrious,
to claim Mohammed was foretold by name, and connects this to the Koranic assertion
that Jesus foretold his coming under the name Ahmed.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:9
type: summary
locator: 3950-3952
quote_or_summary: The passage says Muslims quote passages from these or similar
forgeries that have no trace in the New Testament.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:10
type: summary
locator: 3952-3954
quote_or_summary: The passage reports the answer that God promised to take care
of the Koran and preserve it from addition or diminution, while the other scriptures
were left to human care.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:11
type: summary
locator: '3954'
quote_or_summary: The passage says Muslims confess some various readings in the
Koran.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:12
type: summary
locator: '3954'
quote_or_summary: The passage begins to state that Muslims also take notice of the
writings of Daniel and several other prophets.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
confidence:
extraction: medium
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: uncertain
notes: The passage is a polemical scholarly discussion of scriptures and textual
claims rather than a mythic narrative; motif candidates are therefore thematic
and require review.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
No available taxonomy motif or symbol refs were assigned; listed symbols are literal textual objects or terms in the passage.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l3905-l3954
passage_sha256=4df9482ae8597363572cc0f3312b1f242e9b991d0439dd46b7713531d01615c7