Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l3853-l3902

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l3853-l3902

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l3853-l3902
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
  label: SECTION I. / SECTION II. / SECTION III / SECTION IV.; lines 3853-3902
  start: '3853'
  end: '3902'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: The passage describes Islamic and related oriental accounts of genii or
    jinn as fire-created beings between angels and humans, capable of moral distinction,
    death, and salvation or damnation. It recounts traditions of their pre-Adamite
    habitation, corruption, expulsion, wars, confinement, and ranks. It then compares
    these genii with Jewish Shedim. The passage also summarizes Islamic beliefs about
    written revelations given by God to prophets, including a numbered sequence of
    sacred books and the closure of revelation with Mohammed.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: The passage describes Jin or Genii as an intermediate order of creatures created
    of fire and of a grosser fabric than angels.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: The genii are said to eat, drink, propagate their species, and be subject
    to death.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:3
  text: Some genii are described as good and others as bad, with possible future salvation
    or damnation.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:4
  text: Mohammed is described as claiming to be sent for the conversion of genii as
    well as men.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:5
  text: Oriental traditions in the passage say genii inhabited the world before Adam
    under successive princes called Solomon.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:6
  text: After general corruption, Eblis is said to have been sent to drive the genii
    into a remote part of the earth for confinement.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:7
  text: Tahmrath, an ancient king of Persia, is said to have warred against remaining
    genii and forced them to retreat into the mountains of Kf.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:8
  text: 'The passage names ranks or kinds among these beings: Jin, Peri, Div, and
    Tacwns.'
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:9
  text: The passage states that Mohammedan notions of genii agree almost exactly with
    Jewish writings about demons called Shedm.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:10
  text: The Shedm are described as winged, able to fly from one end of the world to
    the other, and possessing some knowledge of futurity.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:11
  text: The Shedm are also described as eating, drinking, propagating, and dying like
    humans.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:12
  text: Some Shedm are said to believe in the law of Moses and be good, while others
    are infidels and reprobates.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:13
  text: The passage states that God gave written revelations of his will to several
    prophets in different ages of the world.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:14
  text: The passage gives the number of sacred books as 104 and lists distributions
    to Adam, Seth, Edrs or Enoch, Abraham, Moses, David, Jesus, and Mohammed.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:15
  text: Mohammed is described as the seal of the prophets, after whom revelations
    are closed and no more are expected.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:16
  text: Most earlier divine books are said to be lost, and the Pentateuch, Psalms,
    and Gospel are said to have undergone alterations and corruptions.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: Jin or Genii
  description: An intermediate order of fire-created creatures, distinct from angels
    and humans but sharing human-like bodily traits and moral destiny.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Mohammed
  description: Described as sent for conversion of genii and men and as the seal of
    the prophets.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:7
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Eblis
  description: Described as sent to drive corrupted genii into a remote part of the
    earth for confinement.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Tahmrath
  description: An ancient king of Persia who warred against remaining genii and forced
    them to retreat into the mountains of Kf.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Shedm
  description: Jewish demons compared with the genii; described as sharing traits
    with angels and humans and divided morally.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: God
  description: The giver of written revelations to prophets in different ages.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Prophets receiving sacred books
  description: Adam, Seth, Edrs or Enoch, Abraham, Moses, David, Jesus, and Mohammed
    are listed as recipients of sacred books or revelations.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: intermediate fire-created beings
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The passage calls the Jin or Genii an intermediate order created of fire
    and grosser than angels.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:2
  label: morally divided beings subject to judgment
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  - fig:5
  basis: Both genii and Shedm are described as including good and bad members, with
    salvation/damnation or belief/reprobation language.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:6
- id: role:3
  label: missionary to genii and humans
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: The passage says Mohammed claimed to be sent for conversion of genii as well
    as men.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: role:4
  label: expeller and confiner
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: Eblis is said to have been sent to drive corrupted genii into a remote confined
    region.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:5
  label: kingly warrior against genii
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: Tahmrath is described as an ancient Persian king who waged war against genii.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:6
  label: comparable Jewish demon-kind
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: The passage compares Mohammedan genii with Jewish Shedm and lists shared
    traits.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: role:7
  label: divine revealer
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: God is said to have given written revelations of his will to prophets.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: role:8
  label: seal of the prophets
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: Mohammed is described as the last prophet after whom revelations are closed.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: role:9
  label: recipients of sacred books
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: The passage lists prophets to whom sacred books or revelations were delivered.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: fire
  literal_form: fire as the substance from which genii are created
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:2
  label: mountains of Kf
  literal_form: famous mountains of Kf as a retreat or place of confinement for genii
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs:
  - mountain
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:3
  label: wings
  literal_form: wings attributed to the Shedm in comparison with ministering angels
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:4
  label: sacred books
  literal_form: written revelations given to prophets, counted as 104 sacred books
  associated_figures:
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Description of fire-created genii
  summary: The passage defines genii as intermediate beings created of fire, unlike
    angels in bodily functions and mortality, and divided into good and bad.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: scene:2
  label: Pre-Adamite genii, corruption, expulsion, and retreat
  summary: The genii are said to have inhabited the world before Adam, fallen into
    corruption, been driven to a remote region by Eblis, and later forced by Tahmrath
    into the mountains of Kf.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: scene:3
  label: Ranks of genii-like beings
  summary: 'The passage lists different ranks or types among the beings: Jin, Peri,
    Div, and Tacwns.'
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: scene:4
  label: Comparison with Jewish Shedm
  summary: The passage compares Islamic genii with Jewish Shedm, describing Shedm
    as winged, far-flying, partly foreknowing, mortal, reproductive, and morally divided.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: scene:5
  label: Sequence and closure of written revelations
  summary: God is said to have given written revelations to prophets in successive
    ages; the sacred books are numbered and distributed, and revelation is said to
    close with Mohammed.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: fire-created intermediate beings
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The genii are described as beings created of fire, intermediate between angels
    and humans, with bodily and mortal traits.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  confidence: high
  cautions: No exact available motif-family taxonomy ref matches this specific being-type
    pattern.
- id: motif:2
  label: morally divided nonhuman beings subject to salvation or damnation
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The genii are said to be good or bad and capable of salvation or damnation;
    the Shedm are similarly divided between believers and reprobates.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:6
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage is doctrinal and comparative rather than a narrative judgment
    scene.
- id: motif:3
  label: pre-human beings expelled to remote mountains after corruption
  taxonomy_refs:
  - mountain
  basis: The genii are said to predate Adam, fall into corruption, be driven away,
    and retreat into the mountains of Kf after conflict with Tahmrath.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The available taxonomy contains 'mountain' as a symbol rather than a specific
    exile-of-spirits motif.
- id: motif:4
  label: successive sacred revelations to prophets
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: The passage describes God giving written revelations in successive ages to
    named prophets and treats these as sacred books requiring belief.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The taxonomy ref 'wisdom' is broad; the passage specifically concerns
    revealed scripture.
- id: motif:5
  label: closure of revelation with final prophet
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Mohammed is described as the seal of the prophets, with revelations now closed
    and no more expected.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  confidence: high
  cautions: No supplied taxonomy ref directly names final-prophet or closed-canon
    motifs.
- id: motif:6
  label: lost and corrupted earlier scriptures
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: The passage says earlier divine books are lost and that the Pentateuch, Psalms,
    and Gospel have been altered or corrupted.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The motif label is doctrinal and textual; the broad 'wisdom' taxonomy
    ref should be reviewed.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: The passage explicitly compares Islamic genii with Jewish Shedm and says
    their described traits agree almost exactly.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: Jewish Shedm demon tradition
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: high
  limitations: The claim reports the passage's comparison only; it does not independently
    establish historical contact or common inheritance.
- id: claim:2
  claim: Genii and Shedm share a pattern of hybrid angelic-human traits, including
    flight or supra-human qualities alongside eating, drinking, propagation, death,
    and moral division.
  claim_level: same_motif
  target: hybrid mortal spirit-being pattern across Islamic genii and Jewish Shedm
    as presented in the passage
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The passage lists similar attributes, but the genii section does not
    attribute wings or flight to genii in this excerpt.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 3853-3856
  quote_or_summary: Jin or Genii are described as an intermediate order created of
    fire, grosser than angels, and as eating, drinking, propagating, and dying.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized rather than quoted at length.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 3856-3859
  quote_or_summary: Some genii are described as good and others bad, capable of future
    salvation or damnation; Mohammed is said to be sent for conversion of genii and
    humans.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized rather than quoted at length.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 3859-3868
  quote_or_summary: Oriental traditions say genii inhabited the world before Adam,
    fell into corruption, were driven by Eblis into a remote confined region, and
    were later forced by Tahmrath into the mountains of Kf.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized rather than quoted at length.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 3868-3871
  quote_or_summary: 'The passage lists ranks or kinds among these beings: Jin, Peri,
    Div, and Tacwns.'
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized rather than quoted at length.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 3872-3876
  quote_or_summary: The passage states that Mohammedan notions of genii agree almost
    exactly with Jewish writings about demons called Shedm, including a tradition
    of their origin from angels and Naamah before the Flood.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized rather than quoted at length.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 3876-3882
  quote_or_summary: Shedm are described as sharing three traits with angels—wings,
    far flight, and some future knowledge—and three with humans—eating, drinking,
    propagation, and death; some are good believers and others reprobates.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized rather than quoted at length.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 3883-3893
  quote_or_summary: God is said to have given written revelations to prophets; 104
    sacred books are distributed among Adam, Seth, Edrs or Enoch, Abraham, Moses,
    David, Jesus, and Mohammed, with Mohammed as seal of the prophets and revelation
    closed.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized rather than quoted at length.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: lines 3893-3902
  quote_or_summary: All divine books except the last four are said to be lost; the
    Pentateuch, Psalms, and Gospel are said to have undergone many alterations and
    corruptions, with the Jews specifically accused in the Koran of falsifying their
    law.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized rather than quoted at length.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: medium
  notes: Literal extraction is straightforward from the supplied passage. Motif taxonomy
    mapping is partly broad because the available taxonomy lacks exact references
    for jinn, scripture sequence, final prophet, or textual corruption.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  Only the supplied passage and metadata were used. Spelling follows the passage where distinctive forms appear, such as Jin, Genii, Shedm, Eblis, Tahmrath, and Kf.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l3853-l3902
  passage_sha256=ce098eb1a9ecc16736ed6166d27caf37a4b9dfffe054a6eb205e344f1c58c4d1