Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l3795-l3850

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l3795-l3850

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l3795-l3850
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
  label: SECTION I. / SECTION II. / SECTION III / SECTION IV.; lines 3795-3850
  start: '3795'
  end: '3850'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: 'The passage describes Islamic beliefs about angels: their fiery, pure,
    sexless bodies; their worship, praise, intercession, record-keeping, and throne-bearing
    offices; the four eminent angels Gabriel, Michael, Azral, and Israfil and their
    assigned roles; guardian angels who record human actions; asserted Jewish and
    Persian parallels; and the fall of Eblis/Azazil for refusing homage to Adam.'
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: Angels are described as beings whose existence and purity must be believed;
    denial or hatred of them is treated as infidelity in the passage's account.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: Angels are described as having pure and subtle bodies created of fire, without
    eating, drinking, sexual distinction, or propagation.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:3
  text: Some angels adore God in different postures, sing praises, intercede for mankind,
    write down human actions, carry the throne of God, or perform other services.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:4
  text: Gabriel is identified with titles including holy spirit and angel of revelations,
    and is associated with divine confidence and writing divine decrees.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:5
  text: Michael is described as friend and protector of the Jews.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:6
  text: Azral is described as the angel of death who separates men's souls from their
    bodies.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:7
  text: Israfil is described as the angel whose office will be to sound the trumpet
    at the resurrection.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:8
  text: Two guardian angels are said to attend each person, observe and write down
    actions, and be changed every day.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:9
  text: The passage asserts that the doctrine concerning angels was borrowed from
    the Jews, and that the Jews learned names and offices of such beings from the
    Persians.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:10
  text: The passage says ancient Persians assigned angels distinct charges and provinces
    and gave their names to months and days.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:11
  text: The passage says Jews teach that angels were created of fire, have several
    offices, intercede for men, and attend them.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:12
  text: Eblis is described as formerly one of the angels nearest to God's presence,
    named Azazil, who fell for refusing to pay homage to Adam at God's command.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: God
  description: The deity whom angels adore, praise, serve, and whose throne is carried;
    God commands homage to Adam.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:5
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Angels
  description: Pure beings with subtle bodies created of fire, without eating, drinking,
    sex, or propagation, assigned various offices.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Gabriel
  description: One of the four angels especially in God's favour; called holy spirit
    and angel of revelations; associated with divine decrees.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Michael
  description: One of the four eminent angels; described as friend and protector of
    the Jews.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Azral
  description: One of the four eminent angels; described as the angel of death who
    separates souls from bodies.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Israfil
  description: One of the four eminent angels; described as appointed to sound the
    trumpet at the resurrection.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Two guardian angels
  description: Angels said to attend each person, observe and write down actions,
    and be changed daily.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Mankind / men
  description: Human beings whose actions are written down, for whom some angels intercede,
    and whose souls are separated from their bodies at death.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Eblis / Azazil
  description: The devil, formerly near God's presence, said to have fallen after
    refusing homage to Adam.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: Adam
  description: The figure to whom Eblis refused to pay homage when God commanded it.
  role_refs:
  - role:11
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:11
  name_or_label: Jews
  description: A religious group described as teaching angelic creation from fire,
    offices, intercession, attendance, and a named angel of death.
  role_refs:
  - role:12
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:12
  name_or_label: Ancient Persians
  description: A group described as believing in angelic ministry and assigning angels
    distinct charges and provinces.
  role_refs:
  - role:13
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: deity commanding and served
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: Angels adore, praise, intercede before, carry the throne of, and serve God;
    God commands homage to Adam.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:5
- id: role:2
  label: celestial servants
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: Angels are assigned worship, praise, intercession, recording, throne-bearing,
    and other services.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:3
  label: fiery incorporeal or subtle beings
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: The passage describes angels as having pure and subtle bodies created of
    fire and lacking ordinary bodily functions.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:4
  label: revelation angel
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: Gabriel is titled holy spirit and angel of revelations and is linked with
    divine decrees.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: role:5
  label: protector angel
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: Michael is called friend and protector of the Jews.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: role:6
  label: death angel
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: Azral separates men's souls from their bodies.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: role:7
  label: resurrection herald
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: Israfil will sound the trumpet at the resurrection.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: role:8
  label: guardian recorders
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: The two guardian angels attend every person, observe, and write down actions.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:9
  label: observed and judged humans
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: Human actions are recorded; human souls are separated from bodies; angels
    intercede for mankind.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: role:10
  label: fallen angelic being
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: Eblis/Azazil was near God's presence and fell after refusing homage to Adam.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:11
  label: recipient of commanded homage
  assigned_to:
  - fig:10
  basis: God commanded homage to Adam, which Eblis refused.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:12
  label: nearby tradition cited for angel doctrine
  assigned_to:
  - fig:11
  basis: The passage describes Jewish teachings about angelic names, offices, fire,
    intercession, attendance, and the angel of death.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:13
  label: nearby tradition cited for angelic offices
  assigned_to:
  - fig:12
  basis: The passage describes ancient Persian beliefs in angelic ministry and assigned
    angelic charges and provinces.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: fire as angelic substance
  literal_form: fire
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:4
- id: sym:2
  label: written record of actions
  literal_form: writing down human actions or divine decrees
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: sym:3
  label: throne of God
  literal_form: the throne of God carried by some angels
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:4
  label: trumpet at resurrection
  literal_form: trumpet sounded by Israfil at the resurrection
  associated_figures:
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:5
  label: soul separated from body
  literal_form: men's souls separated from their bodies by the angel of death
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  - fig:8
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:6
  label: refused homage
  literal_form: Eblis refusing to pay homage to Adam at God's command
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Angelic nature and offices
  summary: Angels are described as pure fiery beings without ordinary bodily needs,
    assigned acts of worship, praise, intercession, record-keeping, throne-bearing,
    and other service.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: Four eminent angels
  summary: Gabriel, Michael, Azral, and Israfil are listed with offices connected
    to revelation and decrees, protection of the Jews, death, and resurrection.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  - sym:4
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: scene:3
  label: Guardian angels recording actions
  summary: Two guardian angels attend each person, observe actions, write them down,
    and are replaced daily.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: scene:4
  label: Persian and Jewish parallels for angelic offices
  summary: The passage asserts that angel doctrine was borrowed from Jews, who learned
    names and offices from Persians, and then summarizes Persian and Jewish parallels
    about angelic functions and fiery creation.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:11
  - fig:12
  - fig:2
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: scene:5
  label: Fall of Eblis
  summary: Eblis, also called Azazil, is said to have been near God's presence and
    to have fallen after refusing God's command to pay homage to Adam.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: fiery angelic beings with assigned offices
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The passage describes angels as created of fire and distributed among offices
    such as praise, intercession, writing, throne-bearing, revelation, death, and
    resurrection heralding.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  confidence: high
  cautions: This is a doctrinal description rather than a narrative episode.
- id: motif:2
  label: celestial recording of human deeds
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The passage says angels write down human actions, including two guardian
    angels attending every person to observe and record actions.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:3
  confidence: high
  cautions: Judgment is implied by record-keeping and nearby resurrection material,
    but the passage does not narrate a judgment scene in detail.
- id: motif:3
  label: angel of death separates soul from body
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: Azral is described as the angel of death who separates men's souls from their
    bodies; a Jewish parallel also names an angel of death who calls dying persons.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage describes an office rather than a specific death narrative.
- id: motif:4
  label: trumpet heralding resurrection
  taxonomy_refs:
  - resurrection
  - divine_judgment
  basis: Israfil's office is described as sounding the trumpet at the resurrection.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage provides only a brief office description.
- id: motif:5
  label: fall of a heavenly being through refusal of commanded homage
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Eblis/Azazil is described as formerly near God's presence and falling for
    refusing to pay homage to Adam at God's command.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage gives only the cause of the fall and does not narrate the
    full episode.
- id: motif:6
  label: intercession by heavenly beings for mankind
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: Some angels are described as interceding for mankind, and Jewish parallels
    are said to include angels interceding for men.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:4
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage does not specify the setting or outcome of intercession.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: The passage asserts that the angel doctrine described for Mohammedans was
    borrowed from Jews, and that Jews learned angelic names and offices from Persians.
  claim_level: historical_contact
  target: Jewish and Persian angelology
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: This records the passage's assertion and should not be treated as independently
    verified historical transmission without external review.
- id: claim:2
  claim: The passage presents a functional similarity between Islamic, Jewish, and
    Persian angel figures by aligning offices such as giver of souls, giver of death,
    protector or sustainer, intercession, attendance, and creation from fire.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: Jewish and Persian angelic office traditions
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The comparison is mediated by the translator's explanatory notes and
    is not a direct primary comparison across all traditions.
- id: claim:3
  claim: A note in the passage compares the four angelic offices with an apocryphal
    Gospel of Barnabas list in which Gabriel reveals divine secrets, Michael combats
    enemies, Raphael receives souls, and Uriel calls all to judgment.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: Apocryphal Gospel of Barnabas angelic-office list
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The comparison appears in a note and uses a different set of named
    angels for some offices.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 3795-3807
  quote_or_summary: Angels are described as pure beings with subtle bodies created
    of fire, without eating, drinking, sex, or propagation; they worship, praise,
    intercede, record actions, carry God's throne, and perform services.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized rather than quoted at length.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 3808-3817
  quote_or_summary: The four eminent angels are Gabriel, linked with revelation and
    divine decrees; Michael, protector of the Jews; Azral, angel of death separating
    souls from bodies; and Israfil, who sounds the trumpet at the resurrection.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized rather than quoted at length.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 3817-3820
  quote_or_summary: Two guardian angels attend every person, observe and write down
    actions, and are changed daily, being called angels who continually succeed one
    another.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized rather than quoted at length.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 3821-3837
  quote_or_summary: The passage says angel doctrine was borrowed from Jews, who learned
    angelic names and offices from Persians; it summarizes Persian angelic provinces
    and Jewish teachings on fiery creation, offices, intercession, attendance, and
    the angel of death.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized rather than quoted at length.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 3838-3842
  quote_or_summary: Eblis, named from despair and formerly called Azazil, was once
    among angels nearest God's presence and fell for refusing homage to Adam at God's
    command.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized rather than quoted at length.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 3846-3849
  quote_or_summary: 'A note says the offices of the four angels are described almost
    similarly in the apocryphal Gospel of Barnabas: Gabriel reveals God''s secrets,
    Michael combats enemies, Raphael receives souls, and Uriel calls all to judgment.'
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized rather than quoted at length.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: medium
  notes: The passage is mainly expository and includes translator notes; literal extraction
    is strong, while motif and comparison claims require human review because several
    are doctrinal summaries rather than narrative motifs.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  All claims are derived from the supplied passage and metadata only.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l3795-l3850
  passage_sha256=013e250e16013df35c79f88f6d9d7e5a7e1ca1b4c2bfad94ac26bae9d4cbe102