Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l37401-l37421

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l37401-l37421

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l37401-l37421
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
  label: IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD. / CHAPTER LXXIV / ENTITLED, THE COVERED;
    REVEALED AT MECCA. / IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD.; lines 37401-37421
  start: '37401'
  end: '37421'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: Translator’s notes explain details connected with hell, its guards, the
    tormented, a trial involving accusations of borrowing from Jewish tradition, the
    blessed who redeem themselves by good works, and a demand by infidels that each
    receive a heavenly writing commanding them to follow Mohammed.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: The notes give explanations for why the guards of hell are of a different
    nature and species from those tormented, including lack of fellow-feeling or their
    strength and severity.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: The notes describe a trial in which critics might claim that a particular
    detail was borrowed by Mohammed from the Jews.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: The notes state that a detail is conformable to what is contained in the books
    of the Jews.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:4
  text: The notes gloss a phrase as referring either to all creatures or specifically
    to the number and strength of the guards of hell.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:5
  text: The notes identify an antecedent as seeming to be hell.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:6
  text: The notes identify the blessed as those who redeem themselves by their good
    works, with alternate explanations naming angels or those who die as infants.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:7
  text: The notes report that infidels demanded that Mohammed bring each man a writing
    from heaven saying, from God to that person, to follow Mohammed.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: guards of hell
  description: Beings connected with hell, described in the notes as different in
    nature and species from those tormented and as having great strength and severity
    of temper.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:4
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: those who are to be tormented
  description: Persons described as undergoing torments, distinct in nature and species
    from the guards of hell.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Mohammed
  description: Named as the prophet whom infidels refused to obey unless he brought
    writings from heaven.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:7
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: the Jews
  description: Named as the group from whom critics might say a detail was borrowed,
    and whose books are said to contain a conformable detail.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: the blessed
  description: Identified in the notes as those who redeem themselves by their good
    works.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: angels
  description: Named as one possible identification of the blessed.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: those who die infants
  description: Named as another possible identification of the blessed.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: infidels
  description: Persons said to have told Mohammed they would not obey him as a prophet
    unless he brought each man a writing from heaven.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: God
  description: 'Named in the formula requested for the heavenly writing: from God
    to a particular person, commanding that person to follow Mohammed.'
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: guards of hell
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The notes explicitly refer to the number and strength of the guards of hell
    and explain their nature and severity.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:4
- id: role:2
  label: tormented sufferers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: The notes refer to those who are to be tormented and their sufferings.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:3
  label: prophet challenged by demand for heavenly writings
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: The notes say infidels would not obey Mohammed as a prophet unless he brought
    each man a writing from heaven.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: role:4
  label: scriptural comparison group
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: The notes mention the Jews as a group from whom a detail might be alleged
    to be borrowed and whose books contain a conformable detail.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: role:5
  label: blessed or possible blessed beings
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  basis: The notes identify the blessed as those redeeming themselves by good works,
    with alternate identifications as angels or infants who die.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: role:6
  label: objectors demanding written proof
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: The notes report that infidels demanded individual writings from heaven before
    obeying Mohammed.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: role:7
  label: divine sender named in demanded writing
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: The demanded message is formulated as coming from God to an individual person.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: hell
  literal_form: hell as the place associated with guards and torment
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: sym:2
  label: guards of hell
  literal_form: guards whose number, strength, nature, and severity are noted
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:4
- id: sym:3
  label: writing from heaven
  literal_form: an individual heavenly writing saying from God to a named person to
    follow Mohammed
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: sym:4
  label: good works
  literal_form: good works by which the blessed redeem themselves
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Explanation of hell’s guards and the tormented
  summary: The notes explain why the guards of hell may differ in nature from those
    tormented, either to prevent compassion or because of their strength and severity.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: Accusation of borrowing and Jewish textual conformity
  summary: The notes describe a trial in which critics might say Mohammed borrowed
    a detail from the Jews, and add that the detail conforms to what is in their books.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: scene:3
  label: Identification of the blessed
  summary: The notes identify the blessed as those redeeming themselves by good works,
    while also reporting alternate identifications as angels or those who die as infants.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: scene:4
  label: Demand for individual writings from heaven
  summary: The notes report that infidels would not obey Mohammed as a prophet unless
    he brought each person a heavenly writing from God commanding that person to follow
    Mohammed.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:3
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: hell guarded by severe beings
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The notes discuss hell, those tormented, and guards of hell characterized
    by strength and severity.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage is explanatory annotation rather than a full narrative scene.
- id: motif:2
  label: redemption by good works among the blessed
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The notes identify the blessed as those who redeem themselves by their good
    works.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The note reports multiple interpretations of who the blessed are.
- id: motif:3
  label: demand for written heavenly authorization
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: The notes report a demand that Mohammed provide individual writings from
    heaven, from God, commanding obedience to him.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  confidence: low
  cautions: No direct taxonomy reference for heavenly writings is available; the wisdom
    classification is broad and should be reviewed.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: The notes explicitly compare a detail in the passage with material said to
    be contained in Jewish books, while also noting that critics might claim Mohammed
    borrowed the detail from the Jews.
  claim_level: linguistic_similarity
  target: Jewish books or Jewish tradition as referenced by the notes
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The passage does not identify the specific Jewish books or give the
    comparable wording; it only reports conformity and a possible accusation of borrowing.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 37401-37404
  quote_or_summary: The notes explain that the guards differ from the tormented so
    they will not feel compassion, or because of their strength and severity.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 37405-37406
  quote_or_summary: The notes say the matter may be a trial because people might claim
    it was borrowed by Mohammed from the Jews.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 37407-37408
  quote_or_summary: The notes state that the detail is especially relevant to the
    Jews because it conforms to what is contained in their books.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 37409-37410
  quote_or_summary: A note glosses the reference as all creatures, or specifically
    the number and strength of the guards of hell.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: line 37411
  quote_or_summary: A note says the antecedent appears to be hell.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 37413-37415
  quote_or_summary: A note identifies the blessed as those who redeem themselves by
    good works, with alternate views naming angels or those who die as infants.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 37417-37420
  quote_or_summary: A note reports that infidels told Mohammed they would not obey
    him as prophet until he brought each man a writing from heaven, from God to that
    person, saying to follow Mohammed.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: medium
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: low
  notes: The supplied passage consists of translator’s explanatory notes rather than
    the main Qur'anic verses, so motif extraction is necessarily cautious.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  Used only the supplied passage text and metadata. No external Qur'anic context was added.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l37401-l37421
  passage_sha256=b638e7713ea200ca9da5998c2adca26ed39872f73c9f91e112084d91112d7651