Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l36592-l36677

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l36592-l36677

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l36592-l36677
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
  label: IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD. / CHAPTER LXVIII. / ENTITLED, THE PEN;
    REVEALED AT MECCA. / IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD.; lines 36592-36677
  start: '36592'
  end: '36677'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: The chapter opens with an oath by the pen and writing, defends Mohammed
    against accusations of distraction, promises him reward, warns him not to obey
    deniers, describes a wicked slanderer who rejects signs as ancient fables, and
    recounts the testing of garden owners whose plan to exclude the poor is overturned
    when their garden is destroyed while they sleep. The garden owners recognize their
    wrongdoing and seek pardon. The passage contrasts worldly chastisement with the
    more grievous chastisement of the next life and states that the pious have gardens
    of delight with their Lord.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: The passage begins with an oath by the pen and what is written.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: Mohammed is told that, by the grace of his Lord, he is not distracted and
    has an everlasting reward prepared for him.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: The Lord is described as knowing who wanders from his path and who is rightly
    directed.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:4
  text: Mohammed is instructed not to obey those who charge him with imposture or
    seek accommodation in idolatrous practice.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:5
  text: A disapproved person is described as a swearer, defamer, slanderer, transgressor,
    cruel, wealthy, and having many children.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:6
  text: When divine signs are rehearsed to the disapproved person, he calls them fables
    of the ancients.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:7
  text: The passage says the disapproved person will be stigmatized on the nose.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:8
  text: The Meccans are said to have been tried as the owners of the garden were formerly
    tried.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:9
  text: The garden owners swore they would gather the garden's fruit in the morning
    without adding the exception that it would occur if God pleased.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:10
  text: A surrounding destruction from the Lord encompassed the garden while the owners
    slept.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:11
  text: In the morning the garden had become like a garden whose fruits had been gathered.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:12
  text: The owners called one another to go early to the plantation and whispered
    that no poor man should enter the garden that day.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:13
  text: When the owners saw the garden blasted and destroyed, they first said they
    had mistaken their way, and then recognized it as their own garden.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:14
  text: One worthier member reminded the others about giving praise to God.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: obs:15
  text: The owners confessed that they had been unjust doers and transgressors, blamed
    one another, and asked their Lord to pardon them and give a better garden in exchange.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
- id: obs:16
  text: The passage states that the chastisement of the next life is more grievous
    than the chastisement of this life.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
- id: obs:17
  text: The pious are said to have gardens of delight prepared with their Lord.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: Mohammed
  description: The addressed prophet who is defended against the charge of distraction
    and told not to obey deniers.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: The Lord / God
  description: The divine figure whose grace, knowledge, signs, destruction, pardon,
    chastisement, and reward are referenced.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
  - ev:13
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Infidels / those who charge Mohammed with imposture
  description: Opponents who will see which party is bereaved of senses and who desire
    reciprocal ease or compromise.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Disapproved wealthy slanderer
  description: A person described as a common swearer, defamer, slanderer, transgressor,
    cruel, wealthy, and dismissive of divine signs.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Meccans
  description: The group said to have been tried as the owners of the garden were
    formerly tried.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Owners of the garden
  description: Owners who plan to gather fruit early and exclude the poor, then find
    the garden destroyed and confess wrongdoing.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Poor man
  description: A poor person or class of poor persons whom the garden owners say shall
    not enter the garden that day.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Worthier member of the garden owners
  description: One among the owners who asks whether he had not told them to give
    praise to God.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: The pious
  description: Those for whom gardens of delight are prepared with their Lord.
  role_refs:
  - role:11
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: Moslems and the wicked
  description: Two categories raised in the closing rhetorical question about whether
    they should be dealt with alike.
  role_refs:
  - role:12
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: vindicated messenger
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: Mohammed is told he is not distracted and has an everlasting reward prepared.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: role:2
  label: omniscient divine judge
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: The Lord knows who wanders from his path and who is rightly directed, and
    the passage distinguishes divine chastisements and rewards.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:12
  - ev:13
- id: role:3
  label: sender of destruction and possible pardon
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: The garden's destruction is from the Lord, and the owners beseech their Lord
    for pardon and a better garden.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:11
- id: role:4
  label: deniers and accusers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: They charge Mohammed with imposture and seek accommodation.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:5
  label: marked rejecter of signs
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: He calls rehearsed signs fables of the ancients and is to be stigmatized
    on the nose.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:6
  label: tested community
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: The passage explicitly says the Meccans have been tried as the owners of
    the garden were tried.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: role:7
  label: greedy planners
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: The owners plan to gather fruit early and exclude the poor from the garden.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: role:8
  label: repentant wrongdoers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: After the garden is destroyed, they confess injustice and transgression and
    seek pardon.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
- id: role:9
  label: excluded poor
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: The owners whisper that no poor man shall enter the garden that day.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: role:10
  label: admonishing insider
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: The worthier one asks if he had not told them to give praise to God.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: role:11
  label: recipients of delight gardens
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: Gardens of delight are prepared for the pious with their Lord.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
- id: role:12
  label: contrasted moral categories
  assigned_to:
  - fig:10
  basis: The passage asks whether Moslems should be dealt with as the wicked.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: pen and writing
  literal_form: pen and what they write
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:2
  label: divine signs
  literal_form: signs rehearsed to the disapproved person
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:3
  label: stigma on the nose
  literal_form: mark or stigma placed on the nose
  associated_figures:
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:4
  label: garden and fruit
  literal_form: garden, plantation, and fruit to be gathered
  associated_figures:
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:8
- id: sym:5
  label: blasted garden
  literal_form: garden blasted, destroyed, and left like one already gathered
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:9
- id: sym:6
  label: gardens of delight
  literal_form: gardens of delight prepared with the Lord
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:9
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Oath by the pen and vindication of Mohammed
  summary: The passage opens by invoking the pen and writing, then says Mohammed is
    not distracted, has an everlasting reward, and is of noble disposition.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: scene:2
  label: Warning against deniers and wicked slanderer
  summary: Mohammed is warned not to obey accusers, and a disapproved slanderer who
    rejects signs as ancient fables is described and threatened with a stigma on the
    nose.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: scene:3
  label: Trial of the garden owners
  summary: The Meccans are compared to garden owners who swear to gather fruit in
    the morning without invoking God's will; destruction encompasses the garden while
    they sleep.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: scene:4
  label: Plan to exclude the poor
  summary: The owners call one another to go early to the plantation and whisper that
    no poor man shall enter the garden that day.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: scene:5
  label: Recognition, blame, and plea for pardon
  summary: The owners see the blasted garden, recognize it as their own, acknowledge
    injustice and transgression, blame one another, and ask God for pardon and a better
    garden.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  - fig:6
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
- id: scene:6
  label: Worldly and next-life chastisement contrasted with delight gardens
  summary: The passage states that worldly chastisement is lesser than the chastisement
    of the next life and that the pious have gardens of delight with their Lord.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
  - ev:13
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: divine judgment on arrogant or greedy wrongdoers
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: A slanderer who rejects signs is threatened with a mark, and garden owners
    who plan to withhold fruit from the poor lose their garden through destruction
    from the Lord.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage is a moral exemplum within Qur'anic discourse; broader comparative
    placement requires additional texts.
- id: motif:2
  label: testing through prosperity and loss
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The Meccans are said to be tried as the garden owners were tried, and the
    owners' wealth-bearing garden is lost after their exclusionary plan.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  confidence: high
  cautions: The exact nature of the Meccans' test is not elaborated in this passage
    excerpt.
- id: motif:3
  label: repentance after ruined possession
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: After seeing the destroyed garden, the owners confess injustice and transgression
    and seek pardon and replacement from their Lord.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
  confidence: high
  cautions: No explicit statement in the excerpt says whether the request is granted.
- id: motif:4
  label: afterlife reward and punishment contrasted
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The passage contrasts chastisement in this life with a more grievous chastisement
    in the next, and states that the pious have gardens of delight.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
  - ev:13
  confidence: high
  cautions: The excerpt gives a contrast of outcomes but not an extended afterlife
    journey description.
- id: motif:5
  label: revealed writing and prophetic vindication
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: The opening oath by pen and writing is followed by the defense of Mohammed's
    sanity and moral disposition.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The taxonomy reference to wisdom is general; the passage does not explicitly
    identify a wisdom figure or wisdom quest.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: Within the passage, the Meccans' trial is explicitly likened to the earlier
    trial of the garden owners.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: Meccans and owners of the garden in the same passage
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: high
  limitations: This is an internal analogy stated by the passage, not evidence by
    itself for historical contact or a cross-cultural motif relationship.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: quote
  locator: lines 36592-36677, opening verses
  quote_or_summary: "“BY the pen, and what they write”"
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation used.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 36592-36677, opening verses
  quote_or_summary: Mohammed is told that through the grace of his Lord he is not
    distracted, that an everlasting reward is prepared for him, and that he is of
    noble disposition.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 36592-36677, opening verses and note d
  quote_or_summary: The Lord knows who wanders from his path and who is rightly directed;
    Mohammed is told not to obey those who charge him with imposture or want him to
    compromise with their practices.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 36592-36677, verse 10 following
  quote_or_summary: The passage describes a person not to be obeyed as a common swearer,
    defamer, slanderer, transgressor, wicked, cruel, of spurious birth, wealthy, and
    with many children.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 36592-36677, verse 10 following
  quote_or_summary: When signs are rehearsed to this person, he says they are fables
    of the ancients; the passage says, “We will stigmatize him on the nose.”
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation included in summary.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 36592-36677, garden narrative opening
  quote_or_summary: The passage says the Meccans were tried as the owners of the garden
    were formerly tried, when the owners swore to gather its fruit in the morning
    without adding “if it please God.”
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized with short phrase.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 36592-36677, garden destruction
  quote_or_summary: A surrounding destruction from the Lord encompassed the garden
    while the owners slept, and by morning it was like a garden whose fruit had been
    gathered.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: lines 36592-36677, owners' morning plan
  quote_or_summary: The owners call one another to go early to the plantation and
    whisper that no poor man shall enter the garden that day.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: lines 36592-36677, discovery of garden
  quote_or_summary: The owners see the garden blasted and destroyed, first say they
    must have mistaken their way, then recognize it as their own and say they are
    not permitted to reap its fruit.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:10
  type: summary
  locator: lines 36592-36677, recognition of wrongdoing
  quote_or_summary: The worthier one asks whether he had not told them to give praise
    to God; the owners answer with praise and confess that they have been unjust doers.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:11
  type: summary
  locator: lines 36592-36677, plea after blame
  quote_or_summary: The owners blame one another, cry woe, confess transgression,
    and say they earnestly beseech their Lord for pardon and perhaps a better garden
    in exchange.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:12
  type: summary
  locator: lines 36592-36677, moral conclusion
  quote_or_summary: The passage says this is the chastisement of life, but the chastisement
    of the next life is more grievous.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:13
  type: summary
  locator: lines 36592-36677, closing verses
  quote_or_summary: The pious are said to have gardens of delight with their Lord,
    followed by a question about whether Moslems should be dealt with as the wicked.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: high
  notes: Literal extraction is directly supported by the supplied passage. Motif labels
    are limited to available taxonomy and kept general. The single comparison claim
    is an internal analogy explicitly stated in the passage.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  Used only the provided passage and metadata. Footnotes about the uncertain letter N and exegetical interpretations were not expanded into motifs because the explanations are multiple and explicitly uncertain.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l36592-l36677
  passage_sha256=a8113055c0e12c70832dd8b3ba26e780ad332bd512e768c71d42824d7bc9e55e