Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l32401-l32508

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l32401-l32508

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l32401-l32508
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
  label: CHAPTER XL. / IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD. / CHAPTER XLI. / IN THE
    NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD.; lines 32401-32508
  start: '32401'
  end: '32508'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an), Sale translation
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: The passage presents an Arabic revelation whose hearers reject it, affirms
    one God, describes the creation and ordering of earth and heaven, recalls the
    punishments of Ad and Thamud, and warns of a future gathering of God's enemies
    at hell fire where their own senses and skins testify against them.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: The passage identifies the book as a revelation from the most Merciful, with
    verses distinctly explained in Arabic for people who understand.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: Some hearers say their hearts are veiled, their ears have deafness, and a
    curtain stands between them and the messenger.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: The speaker is instructed to say that he is a man like the hearers and that
    it has been revealed to him that their God is one God.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:4
  text: God is described as creating the earth in two days, placing firmly rooted
    mountains in it, blessing it, and providing food for its intended inhabitants
    in four days.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:5
  text: God turns to the creation of heaven while it is smoke, commands heaven and
    earth to come obediently or unwillingly, and they answer that they come obediently.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:6
  text: God forms the heavens into seven heavens in two days, reveals an office to
    each heaven, adorns the lower heaven with lights, and places a guard of angels
    there.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:7
  text: The passage warns that those who withdraw from the instructions may face a
    sudden destruction like that of Ad and Thamud.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:8
  text: Ad reject signs and are punished by a piercing wind on ill-luck days.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:9
  text: Thamud are directed but prefer blindness to true direction, and a terrible
    noise of ignominious punishment assails them.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:10
  text: Those who believed and feared God are delivered.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: obs:11
  text: The enemies of God are gathered to hell fire and march in distinct bands.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: obs:12
  text: At hell fire, the ears, eyes, and skins of the enemies of God bear witness
    against them for what they have done.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
- id: obs:13
  text: The skins answer that God caused them to speak, and the passage says God gives
    speech to all things.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: God
  description: The most Merciful, one God, Lord of all creatures, creator, commander
    of heaven and earth, giver of speech, and judge.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:2
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:13
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: The speaker or messenger
  description: A man like the hearers to whom it is revealed that God is one God,
    and who is instructed to warn them.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:7
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Rejecting hearers / Meccans
  description: Hearers who turn aside, say their hearts and ears are blocked from
    the doctrine, and may withdraw from the instructions.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:7
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Believers who work righteousness
  description: People who believe, work righteousness, fear God, and are promised
    reward or deliverance.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:10
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Heaven and earth
  description: The heaven, then smoke, and the earth are addressed by God and answer
    that they come obediently.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Angels
  description: A guard of angels placed in the lower heaven.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Ad
  description: A tribe that behaves insolently, claims might, rejects signs, and is
    punished with a piercing wind.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Thamud
  description: A people who are directed but prefer blindness to true direction and
    are struck by a terrible noise of punishment.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Apostles sent to Ad and Thamud
  description: Messengers who come to those peoples and say to worship God alone.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: Enemies of God
  description: Those gathered together to hell fire, whose ears, eyes, and skins testify
    against them.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
- id: fig:11
  name_or_label: Ears, eyes, and skins
  description: Body parts that bear witness against their possessors; the skins speak
    because God causes them to speak.
  role_refs:
  - role:11
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
  - ev:13
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: revealer
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The book is called a revelation from the most Merciful.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:2
  label: creator and cosmic orderer
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: God creates earth, places mountains and provision in it, forms seven heavens,
    and assigns each heaven its office.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:6
- id: role:3
  label: judge and giver of speech
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The enemies are brought to hell fire, and God causes their skins to speak
    as witnesses.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
  - ev:13
- id: role:4
  label: messenger or warner
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  - fig:9
  basis: The speaker is instructed to proclaim monotheism and warn; earlier apostles
    call people to worship God alone.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:7
- id: role:5
  label: rejecting audience
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: They say barriers prevent reception of the doctrine and withdraw from the
    instructions.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:7
- id: role:6
  label: righteous saved group
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: Believers who work righteousness receive reward, and those who believed and
    feared God are delivered.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:10
- id: role:7
  label: obedient personified cosmos
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: Heaven and earth answer God's command, saying they come obediently.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:8
  label: heavenly guards
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: Angels are placed as a guard in the lower heaven.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: role:9
  label: destroyed rejecters
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  basis: Ad and Thamud reject or prefer blindness and are struck by punishments.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: role:10
  label: condemned enemies
  assigned_to:
  - fig:10
  basis: The enemies of God are gathered to hell fire and confronted by witnesses
    from their own bodies.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
- id: role:11
  label: bodily witnesses
  assigned_to:
  - fig:11
  basis: Ears, eyes, and skins bear witness against their possessors; the skins speak
    by God's causation.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
  - ev:13
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: distinctly explained book
  literal_form: Arabic Koran / revealed book
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:2
  label: veil, deafness, and curtain
  literal_form: veiled hearts, deaf ears, curtain between messenger and hearers
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:3
  label: firmly rooted mountains
  literal_form: mountains placed in the earth, rising above it
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs:
  - mountain
  - cosmic_mountain
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:4
  label: primordial smoke
  literal_form: heaven as smoke before being formed into seven heavens
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:5
  label: seven heavens
  literal_form: seven heavens, each with an assigned office
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:6
  label: lights and angelic guard
  literal_form: lights adorning the lower heaven and a guard of angels
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:7
  label: piercing wind
  literal_form: wind sent against Ad on days of ill luck
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:7
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: sym:8
  label: terrible noise
  literal_form: terrible noise of ignominious punishment assailing Thamud
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:8
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: sym:9
  label: hell fire
  literal_form: hell fire to which God's enemies are gathered
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:10
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: sym:10
  label: speaking skins and witnessing senses
  literal_form: ears, eyes, and skins bearing witness; skins answering in speech
  associated_figures:
  - fig:10
  - fig:11
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
  - ev:13
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Revelation and rejection
  summary: A revealed Arabic book gives good tidings and threats, while some hearers
    describe themselves as blocked by veils, deafness, and a curtain from the messenger's
    doctrine.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: scene:2
  label: Creation and ordering of earth and heaven
  summary: God creates the earth, sets mountains and provisions in it, commands smoky
    heaven and earth, forms seven heavens, assigns them offices, and adorns the lower
    heaven with lights and angels.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  - sym:4
  - sym:5
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: scene:3
  label: Warnings through Ad and Thamud
  summary: 'The passage warns of sudden destruction like that of Ad and Thamud: Ad
    is punished by wind, Thamud by a terrible noise, while believers are delivered.'
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:7
  - sym:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
- id: scene:4
  label: Eschatological gathering and bodily testimony
  summary: God's enemies are gathered to hell fire in bands; their ears, eyes, and
    skins testify against them, and the skins say God caused them to speak.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:10
  - fig:11
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:9
  - sym:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
  - ev:13
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: Revealed instruction rejected by a veiled audience
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: The revelation is described as instruction, but hearers say their hearts
    are veiled, their ears deaf, and a curtain separates them from the messenger.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The taxonomy reference is broad; the passage emphasizes revelation and
    rejection more than wisdom as a named abstraction.
- id: motif:2
  label: Cosmic creation by divine command and ordering
  taxonomy_refs:
  - cosmic_mountain
  basis: God creates earth, fixes mountains, provides sustenance, commands heaven
    and earth, and orders seven heavens with offices.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The mountains are part of a creation sequence, but the passage does not
    explicitly present them as an axis or world-center.
- id: motif:3
  label: Personified obedient cosmos
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Heaven and earth are addressed by God and answer that they come obediently.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  confidence: high
  cautions: No supplied taxonomy family directly matches this motif.
- id: motif:4
  label: Destruction of rejecting peoples by elemental punishments
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: Ad and Thamud reject or prefer blindness and are punished by a piercing wind
    and a terrible noise, while believers are delivered.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage gives two examples but does not elaborate their full narratives.
- id: motif:5
  label: March to hell fire and final judgment
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  - afterlife_journey_map
  basis: The enemies of God are gathered to hell fire and march in distinct bands
    before testimony is given against them.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
  confidence: high
  cautions: The afterlife geography is limited to gathering and arrival at hell fire.
- id: motif:6
  label: Body parts as witnesses against the sinner
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The ears, eyes, and skins of the condemned bear witness against them, and
    the skins speak because God causes them to speak.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
  - ev:13
  confidence: high
  cautions: No more specific supplied taxonomy reference exists for speaking body
    parts.
- id: motif:7
  label: Return to creator after first creation
  taxonomy_refs:
  - resurrection
  basis: The passage says God created people the first time and that to him they are
    returned, within a scene of afterlife judgment.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage implies return and afterlife judgment but does not detail
    a resurrection scene in this excerpt.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: The passage explicitly uses the destruction of Ad and Thamud as a precedent
    for the threatened sudden destruction of the present rejecting audience.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: Destruction of Ad and Thamud as warning precedent for the Meccans
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: high
  limitations: This is an internal analogy within the passage, not evidence by itself
    for historical contact or a broader cross-cultural comparison.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 32401-32508, CHAPTER XLI opening
  quote_or_summary: The book is described as a revelation from the most Merciful,
    with distinctly explained Arabic verses for people who understand, bearing good
    tidings and threats.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: quote
  locator: lines 32401-32508, CHAPTER XLI opening rejection speech
  quote_or_summary: "“Our hearts are veiled ... there is a deafness in our ears, and
    a curtain between us and thee.”"
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short excerpt.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 32401-32508, CHAPTER XLI monotheistic proclamation
  quote_or_summary: The speaker is told to say he is only a man like the hearers,
    that their God is one God, and that believers who work righteousness receive an
    everlasting reward.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 32401-32508, CHAPTER XLI creation of earth
  quote_or_summary: God creates the earth in two days, places firmly rooted mountains
    in it, blesses it, and provides food for its inhabitants in four days.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: quote
  locator: lines 32401-32508, CHAPTER XLI verse marked 10
  quote_or_summary: 'God addresses heaven and earth: “Come, either obediently, or
    against your will”; they answer, “We come, obedient to thy command.”'
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short excerpt.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 32401-32508, CHAPTER XLI after verse marked 10
  quote_or_summary: God forms seven heavens in two days, reveals each heaven's office,
    adorns the lower heaven with lights, and places a guard of angels there.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 32401-32508, CHAPTER XLI warning about Ad and Thamud
  quote_or_summary: If the Meccans withdraw, the speaker is told to warn them of sudden
    destruction like the destruction of Ad and Thamud; apostles call those peoples
    to worship God alone.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: lines 32401-32508, CHAPTER XLI punishment of Ad
  quote_or_summary: Ad behaves insolently, claims great strength, rejects God's signs,
    and God sends against them a piercing wind on days of ill luck.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: lines 32401-32508, CHAPTER XLI punishment of Thamud
  quote_or_summary: Thamud are directed but love blindness better than true direction,
    so a terrible noise of ignominious punishment assails them.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:10
  type: quote
  locator: lines 32401-32508, CHAPTER XLI deliverance notice
  quote_or_summary: "“we delivered those who believed, and feared God.”"
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short excerpt.
- id: ev:11
  type: summary
  locator: lines 32401-32508, CHAPTER XLI eschatological warning
  quote_or_summary: The enemies of God are gathered together to hell fire and march
    in distinct bands until they arrive there.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:12
  type: summary
  locator: lines 32401-32508, CHAPTER XLI body testimony
  quote_or_summary: At hell fire, the ears, eyes, and skins of God's enemies bear
    witness against them concerning what they have done.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:13
  type: summary
  locator: lines 32401-32508, CHAPTER XLI verse marked 20 and following
  quote_or_summary: The skins answer that God caused them to speak, God gives speech
    to all things, created people the first time, and to him they are returned.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: high
  notes: Literal extraction is well supported by the supplied passage. Some taxonomy
    mappings are broad and should be reviewed, especially cosmic_mountain and afterlife_journey_map.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  Used only the supplied passage text and metadata. Sale's footnotes within the provided passage were not treated as separate canonical narrative except where they clarify locators.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l32401-l32508
  passage_sha256=63ef93a313010458dc156db5c9ef638591548d26cc0afd0fbde71779999c32a9