Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l31302-l31400

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l31302-l31400

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l31302-l31400
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
  label: ENTITLED, Y. S.; REVEALED AT MECCA. / IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD.
    / CHAPTER XXXVII. / IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD.; lines 31302-31400
  start: '31302'
  end: '31400'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an), Sale translation
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: The passage contains notes on the name Ilysin/Elias and the Jonah episode,
    including lots cast on a ship, Jonah entering the sea, being swallowed by a fish,
    praying in the fish, being cast onto land, and sheltered by a plant. The Quranic
    portion rejects claims that God has offspring or kinship with genii, describes
    appointed ranks who praise God, rebukes unbelievers for rejecting revelation,
    promises support for the apostles, warns of divine vengeance, and closes with
    praise of God and peace upon the apostles.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: The commentator reports multiple explanations of the word Ilysin, including
    identification with Elias/Ilys, the family of Yasin, Mohammed, the Koran, or another
    scripture; the preferred conjecture identifies Ilys and Ilysin as the same name.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: A note says a ship stopped still, leading those on board to conclude that
    a fugitive servant was present and to cast lots to identify him.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: A note says the lot fell on Jonas; he declared himself the fugitive and threw
    himself into the sea.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:4
  text: A note relates the words to Jonas's supplication while in the whale's belly.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:5
  text: A note says the fish swam after the ship with its head above water so Jonas
    could breathe, and later vomited him out on land.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:6
  text: A note says Jonas's body became like that of a new-born child because of what
    he had suffered.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:7
  text: A note describes a low-spreading plant, particularly a gourd, associated with
    Jonas; commentators add that it withered the next morning.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:8
  text: The passage denies that God has begotten issue, chosen daughters over sons,
    or has kinship with the genii.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:9
  text: The passage says those who affirm such claims about God shall be delivered
    to eternal punishment, except the sincere servants of God.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:10
  text: The passage says worshipped beings shall not seduce anyone concerning God
    except one destined to be burned in hell.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:11
  text: A speaker group says each has an appointed place, ranges itself in order,
    and celebrates divine praise.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: obs:12
  text: A note says these words are supposed by some to be spoken by angels, who disclaim
    worship and declare their stations and offices appointed by God.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: obs:13
  text: The passage says infidels claimed they would have been sincere servants of
    God if they had received an ancient book of divine revelations, but they reject
    the Koran when it is revealed.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
- id: obs:14
  text: The passage says God's servants the apostles shall be assisted and God's armies
    shall conquer.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
- id: obs:15
  text: The passage warns that divine vengeance will descend into the courts of those
    warned in vain, producing an evil morning.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:14
- id: obs:16
  text: The passage closes by praising God, declaring God exalted above what is affirmed
    of him, and extending peace to the apostles.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:15
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: Ilys / Ilysin / Elias
  description: A name discussed in the commentary; the preferred conjecture treats
    Ilys and Ilysin as the same person, connected with Elias.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Jonas
  description: A prophet described in the notes as identified by lot as a fugitive,
    entering the sea, praying in the fish, being expelled onto land, and associated
    with a sheltering plant.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: God
  description: The supreme deity who is said not to have offspring or kinship with
    genii, who appoints stations, assists apostles, sends vengeance, and is praised
    as Lord of all creatures.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:10
  - ev:13
  - ev:14
  - ev:15
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: fish / whale
  description: The creature that swallowed Jonas, allowed him to breathe by keeping
    its head above water, and vomited him out on land.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: genii
  description: A group whom the passage says some make kin to God; a note says angels
    are comprehended under this name in the relevant explanation.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:11
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: angels
  description: In Sale's note, the speakers who have appointed places and praise God
    are supposed by some to be angels who disclaim worship paid to them.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: infidels
  description: Those who reject the Koran after claiming they would have been sincere
    if given an ancient revelation, and who are warned of future punishment.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
  - ev:14
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: apostles
  description: God's servants who are promised assistance and upon whom peace is pronounced.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
  - ev:15
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Mohammed and his followers
  description: A note reports that some expositors interpret the ordered praising
    speakers as Mohammed and his followers, each with a destined place in paradise.
  role_refs:
  - role:11
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: disputed prophetic or scriptural name
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The commentary lists several proposed identifications for Ilysin and prefers
    identification with Ilys/Elias.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:2
  label: fugitive identified by lot
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: The notes state that lots were cast on the stopped ship and that the lot
    fell on Jonas.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: role:3
  label: swallowed supplicant and survivor
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: Jonas is described as praying in the fish's belly and later being cast out
    on land.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: role:4
  label: deity without offspring or kinship
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: The passage rejects claims that God begot issue, chose daughters, or was
    kin to genii.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: role:5
  label: divine judge and helper of apostles
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: The passage speaks of eternal punishment, burning in hell, divine vengeance,
    and assistance to apostles.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  - ev:13
  - ev:14
- id: role:6
  label: swallowing and transporting creature
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: The fish swallows Jonas, swims after the ship, and vomits him onto land.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:7
  label: alleged divine kin
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: The passage reports a claim that God is made kin to the genii, while the
    genii know such affirmers will be punished.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: role:8
  label: ordered worshippers disclaiming worship
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: The note says angels are understood by some as speakers who have appointed
    stations, execute commands, praise God, and disclaim worship paid to them.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
- id: role:9
  label: rejecters of revelation and warned recipients of punishment
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: They reject the Koran after claiming desire for revelation and are warned
    of consequences and vengeance.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
  - ev:14
- id: role:10
  label: divinely assisted messengers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: God's servants the apostles are promised assistance and peace.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
  - ev:15
- id: role:11
  label: alternate interpretation of ordered worshippers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: Some expositors interpret the ordered speakers as Mohammed and his followers,
    with places in paradise and ordered worship before God.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: stopped ship
  literal_form: ship standing stock-still
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:2
  label: lots
  literal_form: lots cast to identify the fugitive servant
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: sym:3
  label: sea
  literal_form: the sea into which Jonas throws himself
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:4
  label: fish belly
  literal_form: the whale's or fish's belly where Jonas supplicates
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: sym:5
  label: new-born body
  literal_form: Jonas's body like that of a new-born child
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:6
  label: Jonas's plant
  literal_form: low-spreading plant, particularly a gourd, later withering
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:7
  label: book of revelations
  literal_form: book of divine revelations delivered to the ancients; the Koran now
    revealed
  associated_figures:
  - fig:7
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
- id: sym:8
  label: hell burning
  literal_form: being destined to be burned in hell
  associated_figures:
  - fig:7
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: sym:9
  label: appointed place and ordered ranks
  literal_form: appointed place; ranging in order; celebrating divine praise
  associated_figures:
  - fig:6
  - fig:9
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
- id: sym:10
  label: evil morning of vengeance
  literal_form: vengeance descending into courts as an evil morning
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  - fig:7
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:14
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Disputed identity of Ilysin
  summary: The commentary surveys explanations of Ilysin and favors treating it as
    the same name as Ilys/Elias, with a rhyme-related ending.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: Jonas identified and enters the sea
  summary: A ship stops, lots are cast to find a fugitive servant, the lot falls on
    Jonas, and Jonas declares himself the fugitive before throwing himself into the
    sea.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: scene:3
  label: Jonas in the fish and return to land
  summary: Jonas supplicates in the fish's belly; the fish keeps near the ship so
    he can breathe, then reaches land and vomits him out, with his body described
    as like a new-born child's.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: scene:4
  label: Jonas's plant and remonstrance
  summary: A spreading plant, especially interpreted as a gourd, is associated with
    Jonas; commentators say it withered the next morning and that God used it in a
    remonstrance on behalf of the Ninivites.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: scene:5
  label: Denial of divine offspring and genii kinship
  summary: The passage challenges claims that God has begotten issue, chosen daughters
    over sons, or has kinship with genii, and says affirmers of such claims face eternal
    punishment.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:3
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: scene:6
  label: Ordered praise and appointed stations
  summary: A speaker group declares that each has an appointed place, ranges in order,
    and praises God; a note identifies the speakers as angels in one interpretation,
    or Mohammed and his followers in another.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:3
  - fig:6
  - fig:9
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
- id: scene:7
  label: Rejection of revealed book and promised consequence
  summary: The infidels claim they would have been sincere with an ancient revelation,
    but reject the Koran; the passage says they will know the consequence.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:7
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
- id: scene:8
  label: Assistance to apostles and warning of vengeance
  summary: God's word promises assistance to the apostles and victory to God's armies;
    the warned are told that divine vengeance will descend into their courts, followed
    by praise of God and peace on the apostles.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:3
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
  - ev:14
  - ev:15
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: Prophet swallowed by fish and restored to land
  taxonomy_refs:
  - death_rebirth
  basis: The notes describe Jonas entering the sea, supplicating inside the fish,
    being vomited onto land, and appearing like a new-born child after suffering.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The death-rebirth taxonomy is applied cautiously because the passage does
    not state literal death and resurrection; it uses survival and newborn-like imagery.
- id: motif:2
  label: Casting lots to reveal a hidden offender
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The ship's immobility leads to casting lots to identify a fugitive servant;
    the lot falls on Jonas.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  confidence: high
  cautions: No supplied taxonomy reference directly matches this procedural motif.
- id: motif:3
  label: Sheltering plant that withers and prompts divine remonstrance
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The commentary describes a plant associated with Jonas, notes its withering,
    and says God remonstrated on behalf of the Ninivites.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  confidence: medium
  cautions: Details are reported in commentary rather than in the quoted Quranic passage;
    the exact plant is uncertain.
- id: motif:4
  label: Denial of divine offspring and divine kinship claims
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_parent_child
  basis: The passage rejects claims that God has begotten issue, chosen daughters
    over sons, or has kinship with genii.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  confidence: high
  cautions: 'The taxonomy reference is inverse or polemical: the passage denies, rather
    than affirms, a divine parent-child relationship.'
- id: motif:5
  label: Divine judgment of false worship and unbelief
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The passage speaks of eternal punishment, burning in hell, consequences of
    unbelief, and vengeance descending on those warned in vain.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  - ev:12
  - ev:14
  confidence: high
  cautions: This is a broad motif category covering several linked judgment statements.
- id: motif:6
  label: Ordered celestial or pious ranks praising God
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The speaker group says each has an appointed place, ranges in order, and
    praises God; a note interprets them as angels or as Mohammed and his followers.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The identity of the speakers is disputed within the note.
- id: motif:7
  label: Divine assistance to messengers and victory over opponents
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The passage says God's servants the apostles will be assisted and God's armies
    will conquer.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
  confidence: high
  cautions: No supplied taxonomy reference precisely captures the assistance-and-victory
    pattern.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: Sale's note explicitly connects the withering plant episode in the Jonah
    material with what is recorded in scripture, supporting a cautious same-motif
    comparison with a scriptural Jonah plant tradition.
  claim_level: same_motif
  target: scriptural Jonah plant tradition
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The passage does not quote the external scripture or provide full parallel
    details; the comparison rests on Sale's note within the provided passage.
- id: claim:2
  claim: Sale's note speculates that an assertion that God and the devil were brothers
    may have been occasioned by Magian notions, suggesting a cautious possible contact
    or influence claim only at the level of reported commentary.
  claim_level: historical_contact
  target: Magian notions concerning divine opposition
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:16
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: low
  limitations: The note itself is tentative and gives no supporting documentation
    beyond attribution to Al Beidawi; the passage does not establish historical transmission.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 31302-31313
  quote_or_summary: Commentary lists multiple identifications of Ilysin and concludes
    most probably that Ilys and Ilysin are the same name or person, with a final syllable
    added for rhyme.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 31317-31319
  quote_or_summary: Al Beidawi says the ship stood still, so those aboard concluded
    a fugitive servant was present and cast lots to find him.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 31321-31322
  quote_or_summary: When the lot fell on Jonas, he cried that he was the fugitive
    and immediately threw himself into the sea.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 31323-31324
  quote_or_summary: The words are said to relate particularly to Jonas's supplication
    while in the whale's belly.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 31325-31330
  quote_or_summary: Jonas's body is compared to that of a new-born child; the fish
    swam after the ship with its head above water so he could breathe, and vomited
    him out on land.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 31335-31343
  quote_or_summary: The plant associated with Jonas is described as a ground-spreading
    plant, particularly a gourd, though other identifications are mentioned; commentators
    say it withered the next morning and God remonstrated on behalf of the Ninivites.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: quote
  locator: lines 31353-31362
  quote_or_summary: The passage asks whether God has begotten issue or chosen daughters
    over sons, asks for proof, and says they make him kin to the genii.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quoted/paraphrased excerpt.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: lines 31361-31364
  quote_or_summary: The genii know that those who affirm such things will be delivered
    to eternal punishment, except the sincere servants of God.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: lines 31365-31368
  quote_or_summary: Those worshipped will not seduce anyone concerning God except
    one destined to be burned in hell.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:10
  type: quote
  locator: lines 31369-31371
  quote_or_summary: "“There is none of us but hath an appointed place”; the speakers
    range themselves in order and celebrate divine praise."
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short excerpt.
- id: ev:11
  type: summary
  locator: lines 31389-31399
  quote_or_summary: A note says the words are supposed to be spoken by angels, who
    disclaim worship and declare their God-appointed stations and offices; others
    interpret them as Mohammed and his followers, each destined for paradise and ordered
    in worship.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:12
  type: summary
  locator: lines 31372-31377
  quote_or_summary: The infidels say they would have been sincere servants of God
    if given an ancient book of revelations, yet when the Koran is revealed they do
    not believe in it and will know the consequence.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:13
  type: summary
  locator: lines 31378-31381
  quote_or_summary: God's word was given to the apostles that they would be assisted
    and God's armies would conquer.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:14
  type: summary
  locator: lines 31382-31387
  quote_or_summary: The passage tells the prophet to turn aside for a season and warns
    that when divine vengeance descends into their courts it will be an evil morning
    for those warned in vain.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:15
  type: quote
  locator: lines 31388-31390
  quote_or_summary: "“Praise be unto thy LORD”; “peace be on his apostles”; praise
    is given to God, Lord of all creatures."
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short excerpt.
- id: ev:16
  type: summary
  locator: lines 31383-31388 note m
  quote_or_summary: A note explains genii as including angels and says some assert
    that God and the devil were brothers, which may have been occasioned by Magian
    notions.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: medium
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: low
  notes: The passage mixes Quranic translation and Sale's explanatory notes; several
    details, especially the Jonah plant and angelic speaker interpretations, are commentary-dependent
    and sometimes explicitly disputed.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  Used only the provided passage and metadata. Taxonomy references are limited to the supplied motif_families and symbols.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l31302-l31400
  passage_sha256=3cb010c091e51a4a4f4ed0a3b88506f3a348c766a6132587dd9c76f763caa742