batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l3123-l3167
---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l3123-l3167
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
label: THE KORAN. / PRELIMINARY DISCOURSE / SECTION I. / SECTION II.; lines 3123-3167
start: '3123'
end: '3167'
translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: The passage narrates Mohammed's entry into Mecca with a large force, the
city's surrender, selective punishment and pardon, the destruction of idols around
Mecca, subsequent Arab embassies of submission, missions to Yaman, and the consolidation
of Arabia under one faith and one ruler, with Moseilama in Yamama noted as an
exception until later.
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: Mohammed approached Mecca with forces increased to 10,000 men, and Mecca surrendered
because it could not defend itself against the army.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: Abu Sofin saved his life by becoming Mohammedan.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:3
text: A party under Khaled killed about twenty-eight idolaters, but the passage
states this was contrary to Mohammed's orders.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:4
text: When Mohammed entered the town, he pardoned the Koreish on submission except
for a specified group of six men and four women; only some of those proscribed
were put to death.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:5
text: Mohammed spent the remainder of the year destroying idols in and around Mecca
and sent generals on expeditions to do the same and invite Arabs to Islamism.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:6
text: The ninth year of the Hejra is described as the year of embassies, when many
Arabs submitted after the Koreish had submitted.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:7
text: Five kings of the tribe of Hamyar professed Mohammedism and sent ambassadors
to notify this profession.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:8
text: Ali was sent into Yaman to propagate the Mohammedan faith, and the tribe of
Hamdan is said to have been converted in one day.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:9
text: The Christians of Najran chose to pay tribute rather than convert.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:10
text: The passage says Mohammedism was established and idolatry rooted out throughout
Arabia in Mohammed's lifetime except in Yamama, where Moseilama had a party until
the caliphate of Abu Becr.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:11
text: The passage links the Arabs' union in one faith and under one prince with
later conquests extending the Mohammedan faith over a large part of the world.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: Mohammed
description: Leader whose forces entered Mecca, who pardoned most of the Koreish,
ordered or sponsored destruction of idols, sent generals, and under whom Arabia
is described as becoming united in one faith.
role_refs:
- role:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:5
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: Abu Sofin
description: Person who saved his life by turning Mohammedan after Mecca surrendered.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: Koreish
description: Tribe of Mecca described as principal among the Arabs and descendants
of Ismael; they submitted to Mohammed and were largely pardoned.
role_refs:
- role:2
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:3
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: Khaled
description: Commander under whose party about twenty-eight idolaters were killed,
contrary to Mohammed's orders.
role_refs:
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: Idolaters at Mecca
description: Opponents of whom about twenty-eight were killed by Khaled's party.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: Arabs sending embassies
description: Arabs who came in great numbers and sent embassies of submission after
the Koreish submitted.
role_refs:
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: Five kings of Hamyar
description: Kings who professed Mohammedism and sent ambassadors to notify it.
role_refs:
- role:4
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: Ali
description: Person sent into Yaman to propagate the Mohammedan faith.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: fig:9
name_or_label: Tribe of Hamdan
description: Tribe in Yaman said to have been converted in one day.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: fig:10
name_or_label: Christians of Najran
description: Group in Yaman who chose to pay tribute rather than convert.
role_refs:
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: fig:11
name_or_label: Moseilama
description: A rival claimant to prophecy in Yamama with a great party, not reduced
until the caliphate of Abu Becr.
role_refs:
- role:10
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: fig:12
name_or_label: Abu Becr
description: Caliph in whose time Moseilama was reduced, according to the passage.
role_refs:
- role:11
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: fig:13
name_or_label: Mohammedans
description: The religious-political community whose faith is described as spreading
through Arabia and later through conquests.
role_refs:
- role:5
- role:12
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:5
roles:
- id: role:1
label: conquering religious leader
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: Mohammed enters Mecca after surrender, pardons most opponents, directs idol
destruction, sends missions, and is linked to the unification of Arabia.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:5
- id: role:2
label: submitting groups
assigned_to:
- fig:3
- fig:6
basis: The Koreish submit, and other Arabs send embassies of submission after them.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:3
- id: role:3
label: subordinate commander acting contrary to orders
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: The killings by Khaled's party are stated to have happened contrary to Mohammed's
orders.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:4
label: individual or rulers preserving status through profession of Mohammedism
assigned_to:
- fig:2
- fig:7
basis: Abu Sofin saved his life by conversion, and the kings of Hamyar professed
Mohammedism.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:3
- id: role:5
label: converts or professing adherents
assigned_to:
- fig:7
- fig:9
- fig:13
basis: Hamyar's kings professed Mohammedism, Hamdan was said to be converted, and
Mohammedans are the community of the faith.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: role:6
label: defeated idolaters
assigned_to:
- fig:5
basis: About twenty-eight idolaters were killed by a party under Khaled.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:7
label: prestigious lineage group
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: The Koreish are described as the principal tribe and genuine descendants
of Ismael, with prerogatives not disputed.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: role:8
label: missionary envoy
assigned_to:
- fig:8
basis: Ali was sent into Yaman to propagate the Mohammedan faith.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: role:9
label: tribute-paying nonconverts
assigned_to:
- fig:10
basis: The Christians of Najran chose to pay tribute.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: role:10
label: rival prophetic claimant
assigned_to:
- fig:11
basis: Moseilama is described as setting up as a prophet and Mohammed's competitor.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: role:11
label: later suppressing ruler
assigned_to:
- fig:12
basis: Moseilama was not reduced until the caliphate of Abu Becr.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: role:12
label: expanding religious community
assigned_to:
- fig:13
basis: The passage describes the Mohammedan faith as extended by later conquests.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: idols
literal_form: idols in and around Mecca
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:13
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:5
- id: sym:2
label: Mecca
literal_form: city of Mecca
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:13
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:3
- id: sym:3
label: embassies of submission
literal_form: embassies sent by Arab groups to Mecca and Medina
associated_figures:
- fig:6
- fig:7
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: sym:4
label: descent from Ismael
literal_form: genealogical claim that the Koreish are genuine descendants of Ismael
associated_figures:
- fig:3
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: sym:5
label: one faith and one prince
literal_form: formula of religious and political unity among the Arabs
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:13
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Surrender and pardon of Mecca
summary: Mecca surrenders to Mohammed's enlarged force; Abu Sofin converts; a killing
by Khaled's party is described as contrary to orders; Mohammed pardons most of
the Koreish while a small proscribed group is excepted.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:4
- fig:5
symbol_refs:
- sym:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: scene:2
label: Destruction of idols around Mecca
summary: Mohammed spends the rest of the year destroying idols in and around Mecca
and sends generals to destroy idols and invite Arabs to Islamism.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:13
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: scene:3
label: Year of embassies
summary: After the Koreish submit, other Arabs come in great numbers or send embassies
of submission to Mohammed at Mecca and Medina; the kings of Hamyar profess Mohammedism.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:3
- fig:6
- fig:7
symbol_refs:
- sym:3
- sym:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: scene:4
label: Mission to Yaman
summary: Ali is sent to Yaman to propagate the faith; Hamdan is said to convert
in one day, while Christians of Najran choose tribute.
figure_refs:
- fig:8
- fig:9
- fig:10
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: scene:5
label: Consolidation and exception in Yamama
summary: The passage concludes that Mohammedism was established and idolatry rooted
out across Arabia except in Yamama under Moseilama, and that later unity under
one faith and one prince enabled conquests.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:11
- fig:12
- fig:13
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: Conquest followed by clemency and selective punishment
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The passage presents Mecca's surrender to an overwhelming force, followed
by Mohammed's pardon of the Koreish with exceptions for a small proscribed group.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
confidence: medium
cautions: This is extracted from a historical summary in a preliminary discourse,
not from a mythic narrative episode.
- id: motif:2
label: Iconoclasm and purification of a central city
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The passage describes the systematic destruction of idols in and around Mecca
and later states that idolatry was rooted out through Arabia.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:5
confidence: high
cautions: The term 'purification' is an interpretive motif label; the literal evidence
is destruction of idols and rooting out of idolatry.
- id: motif:3
label: Submission of wider groups after a prestigious central tribe submits
taxonomy_refs:
- royal_legitimacy
basis: The passage says Arabs waited on the issue between Mohammed and the Koreish;
after the Koreish, described as principal and as descendants of Ismael, submitted,
other Arabs came or sent embassies of submission.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
confidence: medium
cautions: The royal_legitimacy taxonomy reference is approximate, based on lineage
prestige and political submission rather than explicit kingship ideology for the
Koreish.
- id: motif:4
label: Religious and political unification enabling expansion
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The passage says the Arabs were united in one faith and under one prince
and were thereby in condition to make conquests extending the faith.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
confidence: high
cautions: This is a narrative pattern in the historian's explanation of expansion,
not a supernatural motif.
- id: motif:5
label: Rival prophet as remaining exception to consolidation
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Moseilama is described as setting up as a prophet in competition with Mohammed
and retaining a party in Yamama until later reduced.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage gives only a brief notice and does not narrate the rivalry
in detail.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: lines 3123-3135
quote_or_summary: Mohammed nears Mecca with 10,000 men; Mecca surrenders; Abu Sofin
converts; Khaled's party kills about twenty-eight idolaters contrary to Mohammed's
orders; Mohammed pardons most of the Koreish but proscribes some individuals.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from provided passage.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: lines 3136-3140
quote_or_summary: Mohammed spends the remainder of the year destroying idols in
and around Mecca and sends generals on expeditions for that purpose and to invite
Arabs to Islamism.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from provided passage.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: lines 3141-3153
quote_or_summary: The ninth year of the Hejra is called the year of embassies; after
the Koreish, described as principal descendants of Ismael, submitted, many Arabs
sent submissions, and five kings of Hamyar professed Mohammedism.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from provided passage.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: lines 3154-3160
quote_or_summary: Ali is sent into Yaman; the tribe of Hamdan is said to convert
in one day; the Christians of Najran choose to pay tribute.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from provided passage.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: lines 3161-3167
quote_or_summary: The passage says Mohammedism was established and idolatry rooted
out throughout Arabia except Yamama, where Moseilama had a party until Abu Becr's
caliphate; Arabs united in one faith and under one prince later made wide conquests.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from provided passage.
confidence:
extraction: high
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: high
notes: Literal historical sequence is clear. Motif labels are cautious because the
passage is a later historical-discursive summary rather than a mythic narrative.
No comparison claims were added because the passage itself does not support comparison
to another tradition or corpus.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
Used only the supplied passage and metadata. Available taxonomy references were applied only where directly supportable; most motif labels remain untaxonomized.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l3123-l3167
passage_sha256=87abb19beb8a5a431ef504fccebdbf754ce6d833bf7c95df9074b4700bbe9f37