Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l31215-l31300

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l31215-l31300

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l31215-l31300
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
  label: ENTITLED, Y. S.; REVEALED AT MECCA. / IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD.
    / CHAPTER XXXVII. / IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD.; lines 31215-31300
  start: '31215'
  end: '31300'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: The passage includes translator notes on Abraham’s commanded sacrifice
    of his son and the substituted victim, then recounts Ilyas rebuking Baal worship,
    Lot’s family being delivered except his wife, and Jonas fleeing by ship, being
    swallowed by a fish, cast ashore, shaded by a gourd plant, and sent to a large
    people who believe. It closes with a rebuke of claims that God has daughters or
    that angels are female.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: Abraham is described in the notes as receiving a repeated vision ordering
    him to sacrifice his son and resolving to obey.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: The notes state that many Mohammedan commentators identify the son offered
    by Abraham as Ismael rather than Isaac.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: A note says Abraham drew a knife across the lad’s throat but was miraculously
    prevented from harming him.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:4
  text: A note describes a substituted victim, identified by some traditions as a
    ram and by others as a wild goat, with horns later associated with the Caaba.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:5
  text: Ilyas asks his people why they invoke Baal and forsake the Creator.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:6
  text: Ilyas’s people accuse him of imposture and are said to be delivered to eternal
    punishment, except God’s sincere servants.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:7
  text: Lot and his family are delivered, except an old woman identified as his wife,
    who perishes among those who remain behind.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:8
  text: The people of Mecca are told that they pass by the places where the destroyed
    people once dwelt during journeys by morning and night.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:9
  text: Jonas flees into a loaded ship; lots are cast on board, and he is condemned.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:10
  text: A fish swallows Jonas, who is described as worthy of reprehension.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:11
  text: The passage states that if Jonas had not praised God, he would have remained
    in the fish’s belly until the day of resurrection.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:12
  text: Jonas is cast sick onto a naked shore, a gourd plant is made to grow over
    him, and he is sent to a very large people who believe.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:13
  text: The passage asks whether God has daughters while the Meccans have sons, and
    whether angels were created female.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: Abraham
  description: A patriarch described in the notes as commanded in a vision to sacrifice
    his son and as attempting the act before being miraculously hindered.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:3
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Abraham’s son
  description: The son whom Abraham was ordered to sacrifice; the notes report the
    received Mohammedan opinion that he was Ismael.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: God
  description: The divine authority from whom the vision is understood to come, and
    the Creator and Lord invoked in the passage.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:5
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Substituted victim
  description: A noble victim described in the notes as a ransom, variously identified
    as a ram or wild goat.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Ilyas / Ilysin
  description: A prophet sent to people associated in the note with Baalbec; he rebukes
    the invocation of Baal.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: People of Ilyas
  description: The people addressed by Ilyas, accused of invoking Baal and of charging
    him with imposture.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Baal
  description: The being or idol invoked by Ilyas’s people; the note identifies Baal
    as their idol or the sun.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Lot
  description: A messenger whose family is delivered before the others are destroyed.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Lot’s family
  description: Lot’s family is delivered, except for an old woman, his wife.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: Lot’s wife / old woman
  description: An old woman, identified as Lot’s wife, who remains behind and perishes.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: fig:11
  name_or_label: Jonas
  description: A messenger who flees into a loaded ship, is swallowed by a fish, praises
    God, is cast ashore sick, and is then sent to a large people.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: fig:12
  name_or_label: Those on board the ship
  description: People aboard the loaded ship who cast lots, after which Jonas is condemned.
  role_refs:
  - role:11
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: fig:13
  name_or_label: Fish
  description: The fish that swallows Jonas.
  role_refs:
  - role:12
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: fig:14
  name_or_label: Gourd plant
  description: A plant caused to grow over Jonas after he is cast onto the shore.
  role_refs:
  - role:13
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: fig:15
  name_or_label: Meccans
  description: The audience addressed about passing by destroyed dwellings and about
    claims concerning God’s daughters and female angels.
  role_refs:
  - role:14
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:10
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: obedient patriarch
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: Abraham resolves to obey the vision ordering the sacrifice of his son.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:2
  label: intended sacrificial son
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: The son is the object of the commanded sacrifice and is nearly harmed before
    divine prevention.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:3
- id: role:3
  label: divine commander and creator
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: The vision is known to be from God, and Ilyas names God as Lord and Creator.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:5
- id: role:4
  label: ransom victim
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: The note describes the noble victim as accepted as the ransom of a prophet.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:5
  label: sent prophet or messenger
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  - fig:8
  - fig:11
  basis: Ilyas is described as sent, and Lot and Jonas are each said to be among those
    sent by God.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:8
- id: role:6
  label: rejecting people
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: They invoke Baal and accuse Ilyas of imposture.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:7
  label: forsaken idol or false object of invocation
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: Ilyas asks why the people invoke Baal and forsake the Creator; the note calls
    Baal their idol or the sun.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:8
  label: delivered household
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: Lot’s family is delivered, with one exception.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: role:9
  label: one left behind
  assigned_to:
  - fig:10
  basis: Lot’s wife is described as remaining behind and perishing.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: role:10
  label: reprehended survivor
  assigned_to:
  - fig:11
  basis: Jonas is called worthy of reprehension but survives after praising God.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: role:11
  label: lot-casters
  assigned_to:
  - fig:12
  basis: Those aboard the ship cast lots among themselves.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: role:12
  label: swallowing creature
  assigned_to:
  - fig:13
  basis: The fish swallows Jonas.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: role:13
  label: protective plant
  assigned_to:
  - fig:14
  basis: The gourd plant grows over Jonas after he is cast ashore sick.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: role:14
  label: admonished audience
  assigned_to:
  - fig:15
  basis: The Meccans are told to understand from destroyed dwellings and are questioned
    about divine daughters and female angels.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:10
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: repeated vision
  literal_form: vision repeated over three nights
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:2
  label: sacrificial knife
  literal_form: knife drawn across the lad’s throat
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:3
  label: ransom animal
  literal_form: noble victim, described as a ram or wild goat in traditions cited
    by the note
  associated_figures:
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:4
  label: Baal
  literal_form: idol or sun invoked by Ilyas’s people
  associated_figures:
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:5
  label: destroyed dwelling places
  literal_form: places where the destroyed people once dwelt
  associated_figures:
  - fig:15
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: sym:6
  label: loaded ship
  literal_form: ship into which Jonas fled
  associated_figures:
  - fig:11
  - fig:12
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: sym:7
  label: lots
  literal_form: lots cast among those on board
  associated_figures:
  - fig:11
  - fig:12
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: sym:8
  label: fish belly
  literal_form: belly of the fish that swallowed Jonas
  associated_figures:
  - fig:11
  - fig:13
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: sym:9
  label: naked shore
  literal_form: shore onto which Jonas is cast while sick
  associated_figures:
  - fig:11
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: sym:10
  label: gourd plant
  literal_form: plant of a gourd growing over Jonas
  associated_figures:
  - fig:11
  - fig:14
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Abraham’s commanded sacrifice and substitute victim
  summary: The notes describe Abraham’s repeated vision commanding the sacrifice of
    his son, his attempted obedience, the miraculous prevention of harm, and the noble
    victim accepted as ransom.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: scene:2
  label: Ilyas rebukes Baal worship
  summary: Ilyas asks his people why they invoke Baal instead of the Creator; they
    accuse him of imposture and are assigned punishment, except God’s sincere servants.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:3
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: scene:3
  label: Lot’s household and destroyed people
  summary: Lot and his family are delivered except his wife, and the others are destroyed;
    the Meccans are reminded that they pass by those former dwelling places.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  - fig:15
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: scene:4
  label: Jonas in ship, fish, shore, and mission
  summary: Jonas flees into a loaded ship, is condemned by lot, swallowed by a fish,
    saved after praising God, cast sick onto a shore, sheltered by a gourd plant,
    and sent to a large people who believe.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:11
  - fig:12
  - fig:13
  - fig:14
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:6
  - sym:7
  - sym:8
  - sym:9
  - sym:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: scene:5
  label: Questioning claims about divine daughters and angels
  summary: The passage questions whether God has daughters while the Meccans have
    sons and whether angels were created female.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:3
  - fig:15
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: commanded sacrifice of a child with substitution
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacrifice
  basis: Abraham is ordered in a vision to sacrifice his son, attempts obedience,
    is prevented from harming him, and a noble victim is accepted as ransom.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  confidence: high
  cautions: Details are presented partly in translator notes and reported commentary
    traditions, not only in the translated Qur'anic verse text in this excerpt.
- id: motif:2
  label: ransom or substitutionary offering
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacred_exchange
  - sacrifice
  basis: The substituted victim is described as accepted as the ransom of a prophet,
    and another note recounts Abd'allah being redeemed by one hundred camels.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The Abd'allah example is a reported tradition in the note rather than
    part of the main narrative sequence.
- id: motif:3
  label: prophet rejected by idolatrous people and vindicated by judgment
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: Ilyas rebukes Baal worship, is accused of imposture, and the rejecting people
    are assigned punishment except the sincere servants of God.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  confidence: high
  cautions: The excerpt gives only a compressed prophetic warning and judgment formula.
- id: motif:4
  label: deliverance of a righteous household before destruction
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: Lot and his family are delivered, except his wife, and the others are destroyed.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  confidence: high
  cautions: The causes and details of the destruction are not included in this passage.
- id: motif:5
  label: journey through ship, lot, swallowing creature, and return to mission
  taxonomy_refs:
  - departure
  - hero_descent
  - return
  basis: Jonas flees by ship, is condemned by lots, swallowed by a fish, then cast
    ashore and sent to a large people who believe.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage frames Jonas as a sent prophet and a reproved servant rather
    than as a generic hero; taxonomy labels are approximate.
- id: motif:6
  label: enclosure in creature until threatened eschatological duration
  taxonomy_refs:
  - resurrection
  basis: The passage states Jonas would have remained in the fish’s belly until the
    day of resurrection if he had not praised God.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  confidence: medium
  cautions: This is not itself a resurrection event; the motif reference is based
    on the explicit mention of the day of resurrection.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 31215-31225
  quote_or_summary: The note says Abraham was ordered in a vision on the eighth night
    of Dhu'lhajja to sacrifice his son; the vision is repeated, he knows it is from
    God, and resolves to obey.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary of provided passage.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 31226-31238
  quote_or_summary: The note says the most received Mohammedan opinion is that the
    son offered was Ismael, and also recounts a tradition in which Abd'allah is redeemed
    by the offering of one hundred camels.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary of provided passage.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 31239-31242
  quote_or_summary: The note says Abraham drew the knife across the lad’s throat with
    all his strength but was miraculously hindered from hurting him.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary of provided passage.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 31243-31255
  quote_or_summary: The note says the noble victim may be called great because it
    was large or accepted as a ransom; some traditions call it a ram, others a wild
    goat from Mount Thabr, and mention its horns at the Caaba.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary of provided passage.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 31256-31282
  quote_or_summary: The note identifies Ilyas and his mission against Baal worship;
    the verses have him ask his people why they invoke Baal and forsake the Creator,
    after which they accuse him of imposture and are assigned punishment except God’s
    sincere servants.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary of provided passage.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 31283-31288
  quote_or_summary: Lot is said to be one of those sent by God; he and his whole family
    are delivered, except an old woman, his wife, who perishes among those remaining
    behind; the others are then destroyed.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary of provided passage.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 31289-31292
  quote_or_summary: The Meccan audience is told that they pass by the places where
    the destroyed people once dwelt as they travel in the morning and by night, and
    are asked whether they will understand.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary of provided passage.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: lines 31293-31298
  quote_or_summary: Jonas is said to be one of those sent by God; he flees into a
    loaded ship, those on board cast lots, he is condemned, and the fish swallows
    him because he is worthy of reprehension.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary of provided passage.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: lines 31299-31300 and following provided lines
  quote_or_summary: The passage says that if Jonas had not praised God, he would have
    stayed in the fish’s belly until the day of resurrection; he is cast sick onto
    a naked shore, a gourd plant grows over him, and he is sent to a very large people
    who believe.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary of provided passage.
- id: ev:10
  type: summary
  locator: provided lines after 31300, numbered 149-150
  quote_or_summary: The passage asks whether the Lord has daughters while the Meccans
    have sons, and asks whether angels were created female and whether they witnessed
    it.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary of provided passage.
confidence:
  extraction: medium
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: uncertain
  notes: Extraction is based only on the supplied line range and included notes. Some
    material belongs to translator commentary rather than the translated Qur'anic
    verses, so motif assignments involving Abrahamic details are marked with caution.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  No comparison claims were added because the supplied passage does not itself make an explicit comparative claim beyond internal prophetic sequence and commentary traditions.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l31215-l31300
  passage_sha256=048166e054850ba7ded75aa4db1bbe618d06285566fa334890db94ee8c4884ea