Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l27465-l27555

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l27465-l27555

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l27465-l27555
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
  label: ENTITLED, AL FORKAN; REVEALED AT MECCA. / IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL
    GOD. / CHAPTER XXVI. / IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD.; lines 27465-27555
  start: '27465'
  end: '27555'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: The passage recounts Shoaib’s admonition to fear God, practice honest measures,
    and avoid corruption; his audience rejects him and is overtaken by the punishment
    of the shadowing cloud. It then affirms the Koran as a revelation brought down
    by the faithful spirit, contrasts true revelation with demonic inspiration, states
    that cities are not destroyed without prior warning, and commands the prophet
    to admonish his near relations and trust God.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: Shoaib tells his audience to fear God, obey him, and says he asks no reward
    for preaching.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: The audience is instructed to give just measure, weigh with an equal balance,
    avoid diminishing people’s matters, and not act corruptly in the earth.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:3
  text: The audience calls Shoaib distracted, a mere man, and a liar, and challenges
    him to make part of heaven fall upon them if he is truthful.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:4
  text: After the audience charges Shoaib with falsehood, the punishment of the day
    of the shadowing cloud overtakes them.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:5
  text: A note explains the punishment as intolerable heat, waters drying up, a cloud
    under which the people gathered, and destruction by hot wind and fire from the
    cloud.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:6
  text: The book is described as a revelation from the Lord of all creatures, caused
    to descend by the faithful spirit upon the prophet’s heart in Arabic.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:7
  text: The passage says the revelation is witnessed in scriptures of former ages
    and known by wise men among the children of Israel.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:8
  text: The passage states that a painful punishment will come suddenly upon the wicked,
    and that past enjoyment will not profit them when the threatened punishment arrives.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:9
  text: The passage states that no city was destroyed without preachers first being
    sent to admonish its inhabitants, and that God did not treat them unjustly.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:10
  text: The passage denies that devils descended with the Koran and says they are
    far removed from hearing the discourse of angels in heaven.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:11
  text: The prophet is commanded to invoke no other god, admonish his near relations,
    behave meekly toward true believers, and trust in God.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: obs:12
  text: The passage says devils descend upon lying and wicked persons, and that erring
    people follow poets who wander through every valley and say what they do not do,
    with an exception for believing poets who do good works and remember God.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: Shoaib
  description: A preacher who exhorts his audience to fear God, obey him, practice
    honest measure, and avoid corruption.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Shoaib’s rejecting audience
  description: The people addressed by Shoaib who call him distracted and a liar,
    demand a heavenly sign, and are overtaken by punishment.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: God / Lord of all creatures
  description: The deity from whom reward is expected, who creates generations, sends
    revelation, sees and hears, and is associated with punishment and mercy.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  - ev:10
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Faithful spirit
  description: The being described as causing the revelation to descend upon the prophet’s
    heart; a note identifies this figure as Gabriel.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Addressed prophet
  description: The recipient of the revelation, commanded to preach, admonish near
    relations, behave meekly toward believers, and trust God.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:10
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Devils
  description: Beings said not to have descended with the Koran, to be unable to produce
    such a book, and to descend upon lying and wicked persons.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:11
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Wise men among the children of Israel
  description: Persons said to know the revelation as a sign and to be associated
    with former scriptures.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Poets
  description: Persons whose steps are followed by those who err; the passage excepts
    poets who believe, do good works, remember God, and defend themselves after injustice.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: preacher or admonisher
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  - fig:5
  basis: Shoaib speaks as a preacher without reward, and the addressed prophet is
    told to preach and admonish.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:5
  - ev:10
- id: role:2
  label: divine sender, witness, and judge
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: God is named as Lord of all creatures, source of revelation, observer of
    worship, and the one whose punishment is threatened after warning.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  - ev:10
- id: role:3
  label: rejecting disbelievers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: They call Shoaib a liar, challenge him to bring a heavenly sign, and are
    overtaken by punishment.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: role:4
  label: revelation bearer
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: The faithful spirit is said to cause the revelation to descend upon the prophet’s
    heart.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:5
  label: recipient of revelation
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: The revelation descends upon the prophet’s heart so that he may be a preacher.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:6
  label: false or wicked inspirers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: Devils are denied as the source of the Koran and are said to descend upon
    lying and wicked persons.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:11
- id: role:7
  label: external scriptural witnesses
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: Wise men among the children of Israel are presented as knowing the revelation
    as a sign.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: role:8
  label: poetic speakers contrasted with believers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: Poets are associated with erring followers, wandering speech, and an exception
    for believing and righteous poets.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: shadowing cloud
  literal_form: A cloud associated with the day of punishment that overtakes Shoaib’s
    rejecting audience.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: sym:2
  label: fire from the cloud
  literal_form: Hot wind and fire proceeding from the cloud in the explanatory note.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:3
  label: dried waters
  literal_form: Waters dried up during seven days of intolerable heat in the explanatory
    note.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:4
  label: revealed book
  literal_form: The Koran described as a book and revelation caused to descend upon
    the prophet’s heart.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:9
- id: sym:5
  label: equal balance
  literal_form: An equal balance used in the command to weigh justly.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:6
  label: Mount Saf in commentary
  literal_form: A mountain named in a note describing Mohammed calling families after
    receiving the command to admonish near relations.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs:
  - mountain
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Shoaib’s ethical admonition
  summary: Shoaib commands fear of God, obedience, fair measures, equal balance, and
    avoidance of corruption, while refusing payment for preaching.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: Rejection and punitive cloud
  summary: Shoaib’s audience calls him a liar and demands a falling piece of heaven;
    after rejecting him, they are overtaken by the punishment of the shadowing cloud,
    further explained as heat, drought, hot wind, and fire.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: scene:3
  label: Descent of revelation
  summary: The Koran is described as a revelation from the Lord, brought down by the
    faithful spirit upon the prophet’s heart in Arabic, and attested by former scriptures.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  - fig:7
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: scene:4
  label: Warning before destruction
  summary: The passage warns that painful punishment may come suddenly and states
    that no city was destroyed without preachers first being sent to admonish its
    inhabitants.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:3
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: scene:5
  label: True revelation contrasted with devils and poets
  summary: The passage denies that devils brought the Koran, says they descend on
    lying and wicked persons, and contrasts erring poets with believing poets who
    do good works and remember God.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:3
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:11
- id: scene:6
  label: Command to admonish near relations
  summary: The addressed prophet is told to avoid invoking any god besides God, admonish
    his near relations, act meekly toward believers, and trust God; a note relates
    this to a public warning from Mount Saf.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:3
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: rejected preacher followed by divine punishment
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: Shoaib’s audience rejects his admonition and is overtaken by the punishment
    of the shadowing cloud.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage presents a specific prophetic warning and punishment, not
    a full narrative of the community’s prior history.
- id: motif:2
  label: warning before destruction of a city
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The passage generalizes that no city was destroyed without preachers first
    being sent to admonish its inhabitants.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  confidence: high
  cautions: The statement is doctrinal and generalized rather than a detailed episode
    for each city.
- id: motif:3
  label: revelation descends through a heavenly messenger
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: The book is described as a revelation from the Lord, caused to descend by
    the faithful spirit upon the prophet’s heart.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The available taxonomy has no exact 'revelation descent' category; 'wisdom'
    is a broad fit for transmitted divine knowledge.
- id: motif:4
  label: true revelation contrasted with demonic inspiration
  taxonomy_refs:
  - duality
  - wisdom
  basis: The passage denies that devils descended with the Koran and says devils descend
    instead upon lying and wicked persons.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:11
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The contrast is explicit, but the taxonomy references are broader than
    the passage’s specific polemic.
- id: motif:5
  label: destructive cloud with heat, drought, wind, and fire
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The punishment is named as the day of the shadowing cloud; the note elaborates
    it with heat, dried waters, hot wind, and fire.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The fire element is from the translator’s explanatory note, not the main
    translated verse text; 'world_destroying_fire' is not used because the destruction
    is local, not cosmic.
- id: motif:6
  label: prophet refusing reward for preaching
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Shoaib says he asks no reward from the audience and expects reward only from
    the Lord of all creatures.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  confidence: high
  cautions: No supplied taxonomy family exactly matches this motif.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: The passage itself links the Koranic revelation to earlier scriptures by
    saying it is borne witness to in scriptures of former ages and known by wise men
    among the children of Israel.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: scriptures of former ages and the children of Israel as witnesses to revelation
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: This is an internal claim of attestation and continuity; it does not
    by itself establish a specific shared narrative motif or historical transmission
    path.
- id: claim:2
  claim: The passage frames the destruction of cities after prior admonition as a
    repeated pattern, not only the single Shoaib episode.
  claim_level: same_motif
  target: warned city before divine judgment pattern
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: high
  limitations: The passage gives the pattern in general terms and does not name the
    other cities in this excerpt.
- id: claim:3
  claim: 'The passage contrasts two descents: the faithful spirit’s descent with revelation
    and the devils’ descent upon lying and wicked persons.'
  claim_level: same_function
  target: 'opposed sources of inspiration: faithful spirit versus devils'
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:9
  - ev:11
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The comparison is internal to this passage; it should not be extended
    to external traditions without further evidence.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 27465-27472
  quote_or_summary: Shoaib exhorts the audience to fear God, obey him, gives just
    measure, weigh with an equal balance, avoid fraud and corruption, and states he
    asks no reward except from the Lord of all creatures.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 27473-27479
  quote_or_summary: The audience answers that Shoaib is distracted, only a man like
    them, and a liar; they challenge him to make part of heaven fall upon them if
    he speaks truth.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: quote
  locator: lines 27480-27483
  quote_or_summary: "“the punishment of the day of the shadowing cloud overtook them”"
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; short quotation.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: note h, lines 27519-27525
  quote_or_summary: The note says God plagued them with intolerable heat for seven
    days, dried up their waters, brought a cloud whose shade they entered, and destroyed
    them by hot wind and fire from it.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 27485-27491 and note i
  quote_or_summary: The book is a revelation from the Lord of all creatures; the faithful
    spirit caused it to descend upon the prophet’s heart in clear Arabic. The note
    identifies the faithful spirit as Gabriel.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 27492-27497
  quote_or_summary: The revelation is said to be borne witness to in scriptures of
    former ages, and the wise men among the children of Israel are said to know it
    as a sign.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 27499-27506 and note k
  quote_or_summary: The wicked will not believe until they see painful punishment,
    which will come suddenly; their previous enjoyment will not profit them. A note
    says infidels defied Mohammed to bring miraculous destruction.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:8
  type: quote
  locator: lines 27507-27510
  quote_or_summary: "“We have destroyed no city, but preachers were first sent unto
    it, to admonish the inhabitants thereof; neither did we treat them unjustly.”"
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; short quotation.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: lines 27511-27515 and note l
  quote_or_summary: The devils did not descend with the Koran, are not able to produce
    such a book, and are far removed from hearing the discourse of angels in heaven.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:10
  type: summary
  locator: lines 27516-27542 and notes m-n
  quote_or_summary: The prophet is told not to invoke any god besides God, to admonish
    near relations, to lower his wing toward believers, and to trust God; a note describes
    Mohammed assembling families at Mount Saf.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:11
  type: summary
  locator: lines 27543-27555
  quote_or_summary: Devils are said to descend upon lying and wicked persons; erring
    people follow poets who wander through every valley and say what they do not do,
    except believers who do good works, remember God, and defend themselves after
    injustice.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: medium
  notes: The main narrative and doctrinal elements are explicit. Some symbols and
    motif mappings rely on translator notes or broad available taxonomy categories
    and therefore require review.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  All observations and motif candidates are based on the supplied passage and notes. No external identifications beyond the passage notes were added.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l27465-l27555
  passage_sha256=9d0d74ffabbece81370c8991c741b66acff4b7f0399a64e825a12ce952c58772